Porphyrin formation in actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma after topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate

Angell-Petersen, Even; Sørensen, Roar; Warloe, Trond; Soler, Ana Maria; Moan, Johan; Peng, Qian; Giercksky, Karl-Erik

doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700048

Cited by 123Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer StudiesPhotodynamic Therapy Research StudiesPorphyrin Metabolism and Disorders

Porphyrin formation in actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma after topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate

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Angell-Petersen, Even, Sørensen, Roar, Warloe, Trond, Soler, Ana Maria, Moan, Johan, Peng, Qian, Giercksky, Karl-Erik·2006·Journal of Investigative Dermatology

DOI 10.1038/sj.jid.5700048

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Abstract

Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl 5-aminolevulinate (MAL) is a new treatment modality for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). MAL induces endogenous porphyrins, which act as photosensitizers. Pharmacokinetic studies of the porphyrin-inducing effect of MAL creams (Metvix) applied in different concentrations (16-160 mg/g) and application times are presented. Surface fluorescence measurements were used to monitor porphyrin accumulation in 18 superficial BCCs and 32 AKs. For both lesion types, the fluorescence increased during the first 13 of 28 hours of continuous MAL application. A 20-fold site-to-site variation was observed, and there were no significant MAL concentration dependencies. The selectivity between lesions and normal skin was 10-fold during the first hours and decreased throughout the application time. Fluorescence microscopy images of tissue sections from 32 nodular BCCs were analyzed to calculate the porphyrin content in tumor tissue as a function of depth. Significant correlation to MAL concentration was seen within the tumors treated for 3 hours. Increase to 18-hour MAL application enhanced the fluorescence levels in superficial tumor layers, but not in deep layers. In conclusion, application of the 160 mg/g cream for 3 hours gave advantageous porphyrin distributions for all types of lesions.

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A 10-fold difference was observed between lesional skin and normal skin in the first hours after application of MAL.
“A 10-fold difference was observed between lesional skin and normal skin in the first hours after application of MAL.”
From Photodynamic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers (2016) · cites this paper as [18]

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Photodynamic Therapy
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Rhodes LE, de Rie M, Enstrom Y, Groves R, Morken T, Goulden V et al. (2004) Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate vs surgery 270 Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2006), Volume 126

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Efficacy of ablative fractional laser-assisted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of actinic cheilitis: 12-month follow-up results of a prospective, randomized, comparative trial
Choi, S.-H., Kim, K. H., & Song, K. H. (2014) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.13542 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Daylight‐mediated photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinomas – an explorative study
Wiegell, S. R., Skødt, V., & Wulf, H. C. (2013) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12076 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Fractional erbium: YAG laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses: a randomized, comparative, prospective study
Ko, D.-Y., Jeon, S. ‐., Kim, K., & Song, K. H. (2013) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12334 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate for primary nodular basal cell carcinoma: results of two randomized studies
Foley, P., Freeman, M., Menter, A., Siller, G., El‐Azhary, R. A., Gebauer, K., Lowe, N. J., Jarratt, M. T., Murrell, D. F., Rich, P., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.04022.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Ablative Fractional Resurfacing in Topical Drug Delivery: An Update and Outlook
Bloom, B. S., Brauer, J. A., & Geronemus, R. G. (2013) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1111/dsu.12111 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Endogenous and Exogenous Fluorescence Skin Cancer Diagnostics for Clinical Applications
Borisova, E. G., Angelova, L., & Pavlova, E. P. (2013) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jstqe.2013.2280503 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Short incubation with methyl aminolevulinate for photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses
Braathen, L. R., Paredes, B., Saksela, O., Fritsch, C., Gardlo, K., Morken, T., Frölich, K., Warloe, T., Soler, A., & Ros, A. (2009) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03029.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A randomized trial comparing methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy with and without Er:YAG ablative fractional laser treatment in Asian patients with lower extremity Bowen disease: results from a 12-month follow-up
Ko, D. Y., Kim, K. H., & Song, K. H. (2013) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.12627 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Photodynamic therapy in urology: What can we do now and where are we heading?
Bozzini, G., Colin, P., Betrouni, N., Nevoux, P., Ouzzane, A., Puech, P., Villers, A. A., & Mordon, S. R. (2012) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.01.005 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Artificial White Light vs Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses
O’Gorman, S. M., Clowry, J., Manley, M., McCavana, J., Gray, L., Kavanagh, A., Lally, A., & Collins, P. M. (2016) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.5436 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Er: YAG ablative fractional laser‐primed photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate as an alternative treatment option for patients with thin nodular basal cell carcinoma: 12‐month follow‐up results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial
Choi, S.-H., Kim, K. H., & Song, K. H. (2015) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.13453 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Recent advances in field cancerization and management of multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas
Christensen, S. R. (2018) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.12837.1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Efficacy of ablative fractional laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy with short‐incubation time for the treatment of facial and scalp actinic keratosis: 12‐month follow‐up results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial
Choi, S.-H., Kim, K. H., & Song, K. H. (2015) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12953 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Consensus recommendations for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas in G orlin syndrome with topical methylaminolaevulinate‐photodynamic therapy
Basset‐Séguin, N., Bissonnette, R., Girard, C., Hædersdal, M., Lear, J. T., Paul, C. F., & Piaserico, S. (2013) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12150 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A Quantitative Comparison of 5‐Aminolaevulinic Acid‐ and Methyl Aminolevulinate‐Induced Fluorescence, Photobleaching and Pain During Photodynamic Therapy
Valentine, R. M., Ibbotson, S. H., Brown, C. T. A., Wood, K., & Moseley, H. (2011) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00829.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fluorescence diagnosis in keratinocytic intraepidermal neoplasias
Smits, T., Kleinpenning, M. M., Blokx, W. A. M., van de Kerkhof, P. C. M., van Erp, P. E. J., & Gerritsen, M. P. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.06.031 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Terapia fotodinâmica em dermatologia: princípios básicos e aplicações
Torezan, L. A. R., Niwa, A. B. M., & Neto, C. F. (2009) · Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · doi:10.1590/s0365-05962009000500002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Topical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid with Intense Pulsed Light versus Intense Pulsed Light for Photodamage in Chinese Patients
Zhou, X., SHUXIAN, Y., Zhong, L., HUI, Q., YAN, W., HUILIN, D., Xiang, L. F., & Gold, M. H. (2010) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01726.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“It is clinically well recognized that PDT can improve the appearance of tactile skin roughness, which is associated with the accumulation of PpIX, although to a lower extent, in the abnormally proliferated KCs.(15) Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by IPL irradiation helps to destroy those old, poorly f…”
Background
Actinic keratosis: update on field therapy.
Goldenberg, G., & Perl, M. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Usefulness of Photodynamic Therapy as a Possible Therapeutic Alternative in the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Savoia, P., Deboli, T., Previgliano, A., & Broganelli, P. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms161023300 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Currently, the only photosensitizers approved for dermatologic indications are aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL); both are prodrugs that require conversion to photo-activable porphyrin [55].”
Background
Photodynamic diagnosis of tumor margins using methyl aminolevulinate before Mohs micrographic surgery
Tierney, E. P., Petersen, J., & Hanke, C. W. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.03.045 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Correlation between Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence Intensity, Photobleaching, Pain and Clinical Outcome of Actinic Keratosis Treated by Photodynamic Therapy
Piffaretti, F. M., Zellweger, M., Kasraee, B., Barge, J., Salomon, D., van den Bergh, H., & Wagnières, G. (2013) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000353775 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Topical aminolaevulinic acid- and aminolaevulinic acid methyl ester-based photodynamic therapy with red and violet light: influence of wavelength on pain and erythema
Mikolajewska, P., Iani, V., Juzeniene, A., & Moan, J. E. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09437.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Monte Carlo simulations for optimal light delivery in photodynamic therapy of non-melanoma skin cancer
Valentine, R. M., Wood, K., Brown, C. T. A., Ibbotson, S. H., & Moseley, H. (2012) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/20/6327 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“While published data on photosensitizer distributions in skin tumours is relatively limited, Angell-Petersen et al (2006) and Kruijt et al (2008) have reported on experimental heterogeneous photosensitizer distributions, which could possibly influence photosensitizer photobleaching and in turn…”
Background
Treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma by topical photodynamic therapy with fractionated 5-aminolaevulinic acid 20% vs. two-stage topical methyl aminolaevulinate: results of a randomized controlled trial
Kessels, J. P. H. M., Kreukels, H., Nelemans, P. J., Roozeboom, M. H., van Pelt, H., Mosterd, K., de Haas, E. R. M., & Kelleners-Smeets, N. W. J. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.15967 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Daylight-PDT: Everything under the Sun
Beiki, D., Eggleston, I. M., & Pourzand, C. (2022) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20200822 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
MAL-PDT for difficult to treat nonmelanoma skin cancer
Stebbins, W. G., & Hanke, C. W. (2011) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01381.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“MAL is also more selectively absorbed by neoplastic cells by a factor of 10 : 1 compared with surrounding normal tissue (21).”
Background
The history of PDT in Norway
Juzeniene, A., & Moan, J. E. (2006) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.11.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Photodynamic therapy with topical methyl‐ and hexylaminolevulinate for prophylaxis and treatment of UV‐induced SCC in hairless mice
Togsverd‐Bo, K., Lerche, C. M., Poulsen, T., Wulf, H. C., & Hædersdal, M. (2010) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01035.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Positive effects of low‐dose photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid or its methyl ester in skin rejuvenation and wound healing: An update
Zhang, Y., Liu, W., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Journal of Biophotonics · doi:10.1002/jbio.202200293 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Nonsurgical Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Galiczynski, E. M., & Vidimos, A. T. (2011) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2011.01.011 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Photodetection of basal cell carcinoma using methyl 5-aminolaevulinate-induced protoporphyrin IX based on fluorescence image analysis
Won, Y., Hong, S. H., Yu, H., Kwon, Y. H., Yun, S. J., Lee, S. C., & Lee, J. B. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02435.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Photodynamic therapy using topically applied hypericin: Comparative effect with methyl-aminolevulinic acid on UV induced skin tumours
Boiy, A., Roelandts, R., & de Witte, P. A. M. (2010) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.09.012 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Quantitative approach to skin field cancerization using a nanoencapsulated photodynamic therapy agent: a pilot study
Lacava, Z. G. M., Passos, de Souza, Soares, Eĭd, Primo, F. L., Tedesco, A. C., & Morais (2013) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s36758 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Phototoxic reaction and porphyrin fluorescence in skin after topical application of methyl aminolaevulinate
Angell‐Petersen, E., Christensen, C., Müller, C., & Warloe, T. (2006) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07638.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Differential cytotoxic response in keloid fibroblasts exposed to photodynamic therapy is dependent on photosensitiser precursor, fluence and location of fibroblasts within the lesion
Mendoza‐Garcia, J., Sebastian, A., Allan, E., Allan, D., Mandal, P., Alonso-Rasgado, T. A., & Bayat, A. (2012) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-012-1264-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Aminolevulinic acid is an endogenous amino acid and has been promoted as a precursor for the photosensitising agent (PpIX) in PDT [4, 29, 32, 36].”
Background
Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses
Kalisiak, M. S., & Rao, J. (2007) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2006.09.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate for atypia/carcinoma in situ of the penis
Axcrona, K., Brennhovd, B., Alfsen, G. C., Giercksky, K.-E., & Warloe, T. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1080/00365590701428590 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“PDT with Metvix has been shown to penetrate the skin to a depth of 2 3 mm [13].”
BackgroundMethod
Correlation between treatment time, photobleaching, inflammation and pain after photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate on tape-stripped skin in healthy volunteers
Lerche, C. M., Fabricius, S., Philipsen, P. A., & Wulf, H. C. (2015) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c5pp00069f · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fluorescence diagnosis in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma
Kleinpenning, M. M., Wolberink, E. A. W., Smits, T., Blokx, W. A. M., van de Kerkhof, P. C. M., van Erp, P. E. J., & Gerritsen, R. M. J. P. (2010) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00546.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“After 3 h of incubation (11), the ointment and foils were removed and the skin surface was cleaned using 80% denaturated alcohol v/v.”
Method
Development of a handheld fluorescence imaging device to investigate the characteristics of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in healthy and diseased skin
Kulyk, O., Ibbotson, S. H., Moseley, H., Valentine, R. M., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2015) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Comparison of three light doses in the photodynamic treatment of actinic keratosis using mathematical modeling
Dewalle, A. S., Betrouni, N., Tylcz, J., Vermandel, M., Mortier, L., & Mordon, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.058001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“From the actinic keratosis data reported in Wiegell et al. [22], the time constant for the conversion of 5-ALA into PpIX, c  (equation 7), is deduced to be 1.1575h,which is consistent with previously published values [39,40].”
Photodynamic Therapy With Topical Metatetrahydroxychlorin (Fosgel) Is Ineffective for the Treatment of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Grade III
van der Snoek, E. M., Amelink, A., van der Ende, M. E., den Hollander, J. C., den Hollander, J. G., Kroon, F. P., Vriesendorp, R., Neumann, H. A. M., & Robinson, D. J. (2009) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b05f93 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Combination curettage and modified ALA-PDT for multiple basal cell carcinomas of the face and head
Liao, C., Zhang, G., Wang, P., Sun, X., & Wang, X. (2021) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102393 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Efficacy of Photodynamic Diagnosis-Guided Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Jeon, S.-Y., Kim, K., & Song, K. (2013) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1111/dsu.12359 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evaluation of diagnostic values of photodynamic diagnosis in identifying the dermal and mucosal squamous cell carcinoma
Kamrava, S. K., Behtaj, M., Ghavami, Y., Shahmiri, S. S., Jalessi, M., Afshar, E. E., & Maleki, S. (2012) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.03.004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Nonsurgical Treatment Modalities for Primary Cutaneous Malignancies
Tull, S., Nunley, K. S., & Sengelmann, R. D. (2008) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/00042728-200807000-00001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Photodynamic Therapy for Patients with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Gilchrest, B. A., Brightman, L. A., Thiele, J. J., & Wasserman, D. I. (2009) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01279.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“PDT is use of a photosensitizing agent and activating wavelengths of light in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species that destroy diseased tissue.2 Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), technically a prodrug, is metabolized in many tissues, including the epidermis, through the heme biosynthesis pathway primar…”
Background
The relation between methyl aminolevulinate concentration and inflammation after photodynamic therapy in healthy volunteers
Fabricius, S., Lerche, C. M., Philipsen, P. A., & Wulf, H. C. (2012) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c2pp25128k · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Enhancement of cytotoxic effect on human head and neck cancer cells by combination of photodynamic therapy and sulforaphan
Lee, S. J., Hwang, H., Shin, J., & Ahn, J. (2015) · General Physiology and Biophysics · doi:10.4149/gpb_2014025 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“PDT using ALA as a photosensitizer is applied for the treatment of skin cancer, actinic keratosis, and other skin lesions (Cairnduff et al. 1994; Angell-Petersen et al. 2006).”
Background
Fluorescence Diagnosis of Face-Located Basal Cell Carcinomas: a New Dermatological Procedure which May Help the Surgeon
Vereecken, P. M., Costa, C. M. D., Steels, E., Lathouwer, O. D., Heenen, M., & Mey, A. D. (2007) · Acta chirurgica Belgica · doi:10.1080/00015458.2007.11680041 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Several reports however have demonstrated for basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease an excellent correlation between fluorescence pattern and histopathology, and confirmed the specific accumulation of fluorescing molecules in these skin lesions (5, 6).”
Background
Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid or its methyl ester: Which one is superior?
Krammer, B. E., & Verwanger, T. (2009) · Medical Laser Application · doi:10.1016/j.mla.2009.07.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Red light photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis using 37 J/cm2: Fractionated irradiation with 12.3 mW/cm2 after 30 minutes incubation time compared to standard continuous irradiation with 75 mW/cm2 after 3 hours incubation time using a mathematical modeling
Dewalle, A. S., Baert, G., Devos, L., Thécua, E., Vicentini, C., Mortier, L., & Mordon, S. R. (2017) · Lasers in Surgery and Medicine · doi:10.1002/lsm.22665 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“biological clearance of PpIX and the conversion of MAL into PpIX were described using a single logistic growth model (equations 2 and 3), that is, according to [24,29,30], a more realistic model compared to the two exponential models used in our previous work [21].”
Method
Medical and aesthetic improvement of photodamaged skin by the combination of intense pulsed light and photodynamic therapy with 10% aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride gel
Abrouk, M. E., Dong, J., & Waibel, J. S. (2021) · Lasers in Surgery and Medicine · doi:10.1002/lsm.23460 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“PDT specifically targets the photo‐aged abnormally proliferating keratinocytes, in which PpIX accumulates, followed by activation of light with a suitable wavelength leading to the formation of ROS to destroy the target cells.(6,11) Both, the red light lamp as well as the IPL used in this study have the suitable wavel…”
Background
Clinical Benefits of Preoperative Conventional Fluorescence Diagnosis in Surgical Treatment of Extramammary Paget Disease
Wan, M., Ma, H., Zhao, Y., Xie, L., & Chen, Z. (2017) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000001329 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Is a single day patient friendly methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy illumination scheme for superficial basal cell carcinoma feasible? A randomized multicenter pilot trial
Nguyen, K. P., Knuiman, G. J., Blokx, W. A. M., Hoogedoorn, L., Smits, T., & Gerritsen, M. (2018) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2018.1484558 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Further studies have tried to optimise fractionated ALA-PDT (18,19).”
BackgroundInfluential
Depth Profile of Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence in an Amelanotic Mouse Melanoma Model
Juzenas, P., Juzeniene, A., Iani, V., & Moan, J. E. (2008) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00496.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chemopreventative Thoughts for Photodynamic Therapy
Bissonnette, R. (2007) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2006.09.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tumor Cell Membrane-Encapsulated MLA Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeted Diagnosis and Radiosensitization Therapy of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Meng, Y., Chen, S., Li, P., Wang, C., & Ni, X. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01247 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy with laser pretreatment for actinic keratosis and photorejuvenation as evaluated by fluorescent imaging
Kim, B., Lee, N. R., Park, S., Eom, M., & Choi, E. H. (2014) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12140 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in treatment of various dermatologic diseases such as skin cancer and premalignant conditions (3, 4).”
Background
Randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of 0.5% colchicine cream versus photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate in the treatment of skin field cancerization: study protocol
Miola, A. C., Ferreira, E. R., Abbade, L. P. F., Schmitt, J. V., & Miot, H. A. (2018) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4288-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“MAL is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX, which generates reactive oxygen in dysplastic keratinocytes when exposed to a light source with the appropriate wavelength [30].”
Photodynamic diagnosis with methyl-5-aminolevulinate in squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vulva: Experimental research
Leufflen, L., François, A., Salleron, J., Barlier, C., Dolivet, G., Marchal, F., & Bezdetnaya, L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196753 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy inhibits ultraviolet B-induced skin photodamage
Hua, H., Cheng, J., Bu, W., Liu, J., Ma, W., Ni, N., Shi, J., Zhou, B., & Luo, D. (2019) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.31583 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“ALA esters can notably improve skin uptake[17, 33, 34], but the porphyrin fluorescence of ALA and ALA methyl esters showed the same microscopical spatial distribution[35].”
Background
Is the thin layer of methyl aminolevulinate used during photodynamic therapy sufficient?
Wiegell, S. R., Lerche, C. M., & Wulf, H. C. (2015) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12227 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The PDT procedure includes occlusive treatment with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) for 3 h, which results in a high and relatively selective accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the lesions (1).”
Method
Optimization and therapeutic effects of PDT mediated by ALA and MAL in the treatment of cutaneous malignant lesions: A comparative study
Lima, C. A., Goulart, V. P., Bechara, E. J. H., Côrrea, L., & Zezéll, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Biophotonics · doi:10.1002/jbio.201600164 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effect of (R)L-sulforaphane on 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy
Mikolajewska, P., Juzeniene, A., & Moan, J. E. (2008) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2008.07.004 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The impact of occlusive vs non-occlusive application of methyl aminolevulinate on the efficacy and tolerability of daylight photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis
Trave, I., Salvi, I., Serazzi, F. A., Schiavetti, I., Luca, L., Parodi, A., & Cozzani, E. (2024) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104049 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Biodistribution of protoporphyrin IX in female genital erosive lichen planus after topical application of hexaminolevulinate
Helgesen, A. L. O., Gjersvik, P. J., Peng, Q., Vasovič, V., Pripp, A. H., Jebsen, P., Tanbo, T. G., & Warloe, T. (2014) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.01.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A quantitative study of in vivo protoporphyrin IX fluorescence build up during occlusive treatment phases
Campbell, C. L., Brown, C. T. A., Wood, K., Sálvio, A. G., Inada, N. M., Bagnato, V. S., & Moseley, H. (2017) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.02.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Photodynamic Therapy For Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Monfrecola, G., Fabbrocini, G., & Calzavara‐Pinton, P. (2009) · Current Cancer Therapy Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339409789712663 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Although there are some doubts about the duration of ALA incubation, a 2-3 hours application was confirmed in a recent study [49].”
Background
Clinical and histopathological study of actinic keratosis treatment with photodynamic therapy VS 5-fluorouracil for face cancerization
Romero, M. P., Posso, V., Ureña, V., Inada, N. M., Bagnato, V. S., & Cabrera, F. (2022) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102967 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fluorescence diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer
Gaál, M., Kui, R. K., Hunyadi, Z., Kemény, L. V., & Gyulai, R. (2012) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/oh.2012.29424 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Use of Protoporphyrin Fluorescence to Determine Clinical Target Volume for Non-melanotic Skin Cancers Treated with Primary Radiotherapy
Casey, S., Best, L., Vujovic, O., Jordan, K. J., Fisher, B., Carey, D., Bourdeau, D., & Yu, E. (2016) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.767 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Specific Therapeutic Agents
BSc, M. N. H. C., & John S. C. English MBBS, F. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444329865.ch4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Selective distribution of porphyrins in skin thick basal cell carcinoma after topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate
Peng, Q., Soler, A. M., Warloe, T., Nesland, J. M., & Giercksky, K.-E. (2001) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology · doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00173-7 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Phototoxic reaction and porphyrin fluorescence in skin after topical application of methyl aminolaevulinate
Angell‐Petersen, E., Christensen, C., Müller, C., & Warloe, T. (2006) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07638.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Plenary Session I – Photodynamic Therapy in Non Melanoma Skin Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Impact
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Porphyrin biodistribution in UV‐exposed murine skin after methyl‐ and hexyl‐aminolevulinate incubation
Togsverd‐Bo, K., Lerche, C. M., Philipsen, P. A., Poulsen, T., Wulf, H. C., & Hædersdal, M. (2012) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01442.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pretreatment with ablative fractional laser changes kinetics and biodistribution of topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)
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Authors: Angell-Petersen, E., Sørensen, R., Warloe, T., Soler, A. M., Moan, J., Peng, Q., & Giercksky, K.-E.
ORCID: Warloe, Trond
Peng, Qian
Venue: Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-02
Volume: 126
Issue: 2
Pages: 265-271
ISSN: 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700048
OpenAlex: W2135267652
Cited by: 123
References: 43
Citations by year: 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 6.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3591 d)
Locations: Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Smith and Nephew
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
Keywords: porphyrin accumulation, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, photodynamic therapy, topical photosensitizer, skin fluorescence, nodular basal cell carcinoma, superficial basal cell carcinoma
MeSH terms: Administration, Topical, Aged, Aminolevulinic Acid, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Keratosis, Male, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Monitoring, Physiologic, Ointments, Photochemotherapy, Porphyrins, Prospective Studies, Skin Neoplasms, Photosensitizing Agents

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Porphyrin formation in actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma after topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate

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