Sulfide- and nitrite-dependent nitric oxide production in the intestinal tract
Open accessAbstract
In the gut ecosystem, nitric oxide (NO) has been described to have damaging effects on the energy metabolism of colonocytes. Described mechanisms of NO production are microbial reduction of nitrate via nitrite to NO and conversion of l-arginine by NO synthase. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary compounds can stimulate the production of NO by representative cultures of the human intestinal microbiota and whether this correlates to other processes in the intestinal tract. We have found that the addition of a reduced sulfur compound, i.e. cysteine, contributed to NO formation. This increase was ascribed to higher sulfide concentrations generated from cysteine that in turn promoted the chemical conversion of nitrite to NO. The NO release from nitrite was of the order of 4‰ at most. Overall, it was shown that two independent biological processes contribute to the chemical formation of NO in the intestinal tract: (i) the production of sulfide by fermentation of sulfur containing amino acids or reduction of sulfate by sulfate reducing bacteria, and (ii) the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Our results indicate that dietary thiol compounds in combination with nitrate may contribute to colonocytes damaging processes by promoting NO formation.
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H2S is required for both efficient nitrite reduction to NO in the gut and in NO formation from nitrite in hypoxic systemic tissues.
“Notably, H2S is required for both efficient nitrite reduction to NO in the gut and in NO formation from nitrite in hypoxic systemic tissues[343,346].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [346]
H2S directly interfaces with nitrogen oxide reduction and the generation of intestinal NO by serving as an electron donor during nitrite reduction to NO by nitrite reductase, or by reacting with the nitrogen oxide S-nitrosothiol.
“H2S directly interfaces with nitrogen oxide reduction and the generation of intestinal NO by serving as an electron donor during nitrite reduction to NO by nitrite reductase, or by reacting with the nitrogen oxide S-nitrosothiol[91,102,346].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [346]
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- Authors
- Vermeiren, J., Van de Wiele, T., Van Nieuwenhuyse, G., Boeckx, P., Verstraete, W., & Boon, N.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Boon, Nico
- Venue
- Microbial Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-11-29
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 379-387
- ISSN
- 1751-7915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3821680
- OpenAlex
- W1547545431
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Microbial Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Keywords
- nitric oxide production, gut microbiota, sulfide, nitrite, cysteine, nitrate reduction, sulfate-reducing bacteria, colonic epithelial cells, sulfur-containing amino acids
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bacteria, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Male, Models, Biological, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Sulfides
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