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Using Neuroscience to Broaden Emotion Regulation: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations
Open accessAbstract
Behavioral research on emotion regulation thus far has focused on conscious and deliberative strategies such as reappraisal. Neuroscience investigations into emotion regulation have followed suit. However, neuroimaging tools now open the door to investigate more automatic forms of emotion regulation that take place incidentally and potentially outside of participant awareness that have previously been difficult to examine. The present paper reviews studies on the neuroscience of intentional/deliberate emotion regulation and identifies opportunities for future directions that have not yet been addressed. The authors suggest a broad framework for emotion regulation that includes both deliberative and incidental forms. This framework allows insights from incidental emotion regulation to address open questions about existing work, and vice versa. Several studies relevant to incidental emotion regulation are reviewed with the goal of providing an empirical and methodological groundwork for future research. Finally, several theoretical issues for incidental and intentional emotion regulation are discussed.
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“The prevailing neurobiological model of anxiety disorders posits that amygdala hyperreactivity to fearful or threatening stimuli is associated with heightened emotional reactivity, while disrupted processing in prefrontal regions is linked to impairments in emotional regulation (Berkman and Lieberman, 2009; Freitas-Ferrari et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2011).”
From Treatment for social anxiety disorder alters functional connectivity in emotion regulation neural circuitry (2017) · cites this paper as Berkman and Lieberman, 2009
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“The finding of increased dACC/dmPFC activation associated with emotion acceptance relative to worry or suppression also aligns somewhat with findings for cognitive reappraisal, which have shown a strong correlation between dACC activation during reappraisal and reductions in distress ratings, indicating reappraisal success (Berkman and Lieberman, 2009; Buhle et al., 2014).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Berkman and Lieberman, 2009
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“Neurobiological models suggest that regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are central to regulation of emotional reactivity in the amygdala through top-down connectivity (Berkman & Lieberman, 2009; Brühl, Delsignore, Komossa, & Weidt, 2014).”
From Changes in functional connectivity with cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder predict outcomes at follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as Berkman & Lieberman, 2009
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“no significant difference between CBT and ACT (p = .81), also consistent with [3].”
From Treatment for social anxiety disorder alters functional connectivity in emotion regulation neural circuitry (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
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“A one-way ANOVA confirmed no significant differences in LSAS-SR score based on allocation of treatment group (CBT, ACT or WL; F(2, 61) = 2.52, p = .09) prior to beginning of treatment, consistent with results for the full sample of the parent study [3].”
From Treatment for social anxiety disorder alters functional connectivity in emotion regulation neural circuitry (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
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“patients with SAD show: i) disrupted activation in the amygdala and regions of the prefrontal cortex (for reviews, see Berkman and Lieberman, 2009; Freitas-Ferrari et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2011)”
From Neural connectivity during affect labeling predicts treatment response to psychological therapies for social anxiety disorder. (2019) · cites this paper as Berkman and Lieberman, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Berkman, E. T., & Lieberman, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 475-493
- ISSN
- 1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3775274
- OpenAlex
- W2153586209
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA024904)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, automatic emotion regulation, neuroimaging of emotion
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