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Structural characteristics of the Sudbury impact structure, Canada: Impact-induced versus orogenic deformation-A review
Abstract
Abstract— Orogenic deformation, both preceding and following the impact event at Sudbury, strongly hinders a straightforward assessment of impact-induced geological processes that generated the Sudbury impact structure. Central to understanding these processes is the state of strain of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, the solidified impact melt sheet, its underlying target rocks, overlying impact breccias and post-impact sedimentary rocks. This review addresses (1) major structural, metamorphic and magmatic characteristics of the impact melt sheet and associated dikes, (2) attempts that have been made to constrain the primary geometry of the igneous complex, (3) modes of impact-induced deformation as well as (4) mechanisms of pre- and post-impact orogenic deformation. The latter have important consequences for estimating parameters such as magnitude of structural uplift, tilting of pre-impact (Huronian) strata and displacement on major discontinuities which, collectively, have not yet been considered in impact models. In this regard, a mechanism for the emplacement of Offset Dikes is suggested, that accounts for the geometry of the dikes and magmatic characteristics, as well as the occurrence of sulfides in the dikes. Moreover, re-interpretation of published paleomagnetic data suggests that orogenic folding of the solidified melt sheet commenced shortly after the impact. Uncertainties still exist as to whether the Sudbury impact structure was a peak-ring or a multi-ring basin and…
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The Sudbury structure has been extensively tectonized following the impact.
“The structural situation is further complicated by the fact that the Sudbury structure has been extensively tectonized following the impact (Riller 2005;Klimczak et al. 2007).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Riller 2005
The Sudbury impact event occurred in an active orogenic belt and the impact structure was folded and then faulted by northwest-southeast shortening during the Penokean orogeny.
“The impact event at Sudbury occurred in an active orogenic belt and the impact structure was folded and then faulted by northwestsoutheast shortening during the Penokean orogeny (Rousell 1984;Riller 2005).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Riller 2005
Given that the northeast lobe of the SIC represents a fold and the SIC in the East Range has been extensively deformed by the Penokean orogeny, and given the relatively crude nature of the scaling of Vredefort structures to Sudbury, this is not necessarily an inconsistency.
“In as much as the northeast lobe of the SIC represents a fold (Klimczak et al. 2007) and the SIC in the East Range has been extensively deformed by the Penokean orogeny, e.g., it dips ~70° towards the center of the Sudbury Basin (Riller 2005), and given the relatively crude nature of the scaling of Vredefort structures to Sudbury, this is not necessarily an inconsistency.”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Riller 2005
Both Vredefort and Sudbury display the classic pattern of upturning of lithologies and exposure of deeper stratigraphic levels in parautochthonous crater-floor rocks as the center is approached.
“Both the Vredefort and Sudbury structures display the classic pattern of the upturning of lithologies and the exposure of deeper stratigraphic levels in the parautochthonous rocks of the crater floor, as the center of the structure is approached (Lana et al. 2003;Riller 2005;Wieland et al. 2005).”
From Observations and interpretations at Vredefort, Sudbury, and Chicxulub: Towards an empirical model of terrestrial impact basin formation (2008) · cites this paper as Riller 2005
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Sorted by citations
GRIEVE, R. A. F., REIMOLD, W. U., MORGAN, J., RILLER, U., & PILKINGTON, M. (2008) · Meteoritics & Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb01086.x · Cited by 90
Self-citationThe Sudbury impact layer in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, USA
Cannon, W. F., Schulz, K. J., Horton, J. W., & Kring, D. A. (2010) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b26517.1 · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Riller, U.
- Venue
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1723-1740
- ISSN
- 1086-9379
- 1945-5100
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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