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Intranasal delivery of insulin via the olfactory nerve pathway
Abstract
Objectives: Intranasal delivery has been shown to target peptide therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) of animal models and induce specific neurological responses. In an investigation into the pathways by which intranasal administration delivers insulin to the CNS, this study has focused on the direct delivery of insulin from the olfactory mucosa to the olfactory bulbs via the olfactory nerve pathway. Methods: Nasal and olfactory tissues of mice were imaged with fluorescent and electron microscopy 30 min following intranasal administration. Key findings: Macroscopic analysis confirmed delivery to the anterior regions of the olfactory bulbs. Confocal microscopy captured delivery along the olfactory nerve bundles exiting the nasal mucosa, traversing the cribriform plate and entering the bulbs. With electron microscopy, insulin was found within cells of the olfactory nerve layer and glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that intranasal administration of labelled insulin targeted the CNS through the olfactory nerve pathway in mice.
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From Oxytocin efficacy is modulated by dosage and oxytocin receptor genotype in young adults with high-functioning autism: a 24-week randomized clinical trial (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
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Brain delivery of insulin boosted by intranasal coadministration with cell-penetrating peptides
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Tang, L., Wang, Y., Gong, X., Xiang, J., Zhang, Y., Qin, X., & Li, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1182803 · Cited by 100
“The pharmacological mechanism of insulin administration via the nasal route may be that the hormone enters the brain directly via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and exerts cognitive improvement by activating known or yet unidentified insulin receptors (Thorne et al., 2004; Renner et al., 2012; Lochhead et al., 20…”
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Brabazon, F., Wilson, C. M., Jaiswal, S., Reed, J., Frey, W. H., & Byrnes, K. R. (2017) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16685106 · Cited by 88
“Intranasal delivery of peptides and other drugs using a pipet has been shown to be successful in previous rodent studies.(15,19,29) However, to date, no previous study has attempted to deliver intranasal insulin to rats following CCI or any other model of brain injury.”
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“Insulin is transported along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves by intracellular pathways, via endocytosis by the nerve then anterograde transport, or extracellular pathways, via paracellular diffusion (Thorne et al., 1995; Baker and Spencer, 1986; Born et al., 2002; Renner et al., 2012; Lochhead et al., 2015; Lochhe…”
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Lombardo, R., Musumeci, T., Carbone, C., & Pignatello, R. (2021) · Pharmaceutical Development and Technology · doi:10.1080/10837450.2021.1950186 · Cited by 75
“It enters in the neurons by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, as the wheat-germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the trigeminal nerve (Anton and Peppel 1991) or insulin in the olfactory nerve and bulb (Renner et al. 2012).”
BackgroundPotential pharmacologic treatments for COVID-19 smell and taste loss: A comprehensive review
Khani, E., Khiali, S., Beheshtirouy, S., & Entezari‐Maleki, T. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174582 · Cited by 66
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Brain Uptake of a Zidovudine Prodrug after Nasal Administration of Solid Lipid Microparticles
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Intranasal Insulin Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Normosmic Humans
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“Intranasal administration of insulin to the CNS can occur through the olfactory nerve pathway in animal models, modulating the level of insulin in the brain [99].”
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Edwin Thanarajah, S., Iglesias, S., Kuzmanovic, B., Rigoux, L., Stephan, K. E., Brüning, J. C., & Tittgemeyer, M. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.050 · Cited by 55
“, 2002); (2) perineuronal transport along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within 30min (Renner et al., 2012); and (3) rapid transport within cerebral perivascular spaces (Lochhead et al.”
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“[95] confirmed that insulin was able to travel along the olfactory nerves, thus reaching the OB.”
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“However, each zone contains a mosaic of intermingled olfactory sensory neurons that express different receptors ( Ressler et al., 1993, 1994).”
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“Since publication of this paper, additional proteins and peptides with therapeutic potential for CNS diseases have been reported to enter the brain and exert CNS activity after intranasal administration, including insulin [17], IGF-1 [7], IFN-b [8,18], oxytocin, GDNF [12], brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [19]…”
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“The mechanism of intranasal insulin on the brain is quite clear, as the olfactory bulb is the largest place for the transformation of intranasal insulin in the brain.(8) Recently, similar studies, such as the one conducted by Schöpf et al(9) on human subjects and Zhang et al(10) on mice models, suggested that intranas…”
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“…and peptide delivery to the CNS have indicated that proteins such as NGF (Chen et al, 1998; De Rosa et al, 2005), insulin (Francis et al, 2008; Renner et al, 2012; Shemesh et al, 2012), and IGF-1 (Fletcher et al, 2009; Liu et al, 2001; Thorne et al, 2004) preferentially enter the CNS through…”
BackgroundIntranasal insulin and orexins to treat age-related cognitive decline
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A Comprehensive Review of Intranasal Insulin and Its Effect on the Cognitive Function of Diabetics
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“Hippocampus has a high concentration of insulin receptors and helps maintain declarative memory, which can be stored for long and recollected [14,16].”
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“Intranasal delivery of peptides and other drugs using a pipet has been shown to be successful in prior rodent studies (Renner et al., 2012; Thorne et al., 2004).”
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Intranasal insulin reverts central pathology and cognitive impairment in diabetic mother offspring
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“A second group received IN insulin (IN-Ins), for 7 consecutive days (P7-P13) as previously described [14, 15].”
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“Thus, intranasal administration can effectively prevent the adverse effects of peripheral administration, such as hypoglycemia.(6) Shpakov et al(7) showed that insulin has a unique effect after binding to different insulin receptors in the brain, and could be used for treatment of cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain in…”
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“Up to now, intranasal delivery of small proteins, such as insulin [166], scFvs [167] and nanobodies [168], was demonstrated.”
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“delivery, drugs are taken up by the olfactory cell through the olfactory mucosa and transported into the brain, including the olfactory bulb, nucleus, amygdale, and hippocampus, along the olfactory beam, avoiding the obstruction of BBB and making it relatively easier to enter the brain.(7,8) Serralheiro et al(9) found…”
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“The OB is rich in central insulin receptors, so central insulin is converted in the OB [103].”
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“To achieve direct insulin delivery in the brain, intranasal administration has been used (Renner et al., 2012; Lochhead et al., 2019).”
Promising brain biodistribution of insulin via intranasal dry powder for nose-to-brain delivery
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First‐in‐human positron emission tomography study of intranasal insulin in aging and MCI
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Alfalfa-derived HSP70 administered intranasally improves insulin sensitivity in mice
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“Many studies demonstrated that induction of insulin through the intracerebroventricular route improves spatial memory function by acting directly at the hippocampal site [120].”
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Experimental Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease with Emphasis on Insulin Resistance in the Brain
Šalković‐Petrišić, M., Perhoč, A. B., Homolak, J., Knezović, A., Barilar, J. O., & Riederer, P. F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_98-1 · Cited by 9
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Metadata
- Authors
- Renner, D. B., Svitak, A. L., Gallus, N. J., Ericson, M. E., Frey, W. H., & Hanson, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Regions Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Renner, Dan B
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-12-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1709-1714
- ISSN
- 0022-3573 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-7158
- OpenAlex
- W1612293997
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- olfactory bulb, olfactory epithelium, central nervous system targeting, peptide therapeutics, cribriform plate, glomerular layer, intranasal drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Central Nervous System, Ethmoid Bone, Insulin, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microscopy, Nasal Mucosa, Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Nerve, Olfactory Pathways, Mice
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