A methodological review on the characterization of microalgal biofilm and its extracellular polymeric substances
Abstract
Biofilm secreted by microalgae are extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) composed mainly of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. These EPSs immobilize the cells and stabilize biofilm, mediating adhesion towards solid surfaces. The EPSs valorization through industrial exploitations and scientific works is becoming more popular, but the bottleneck of such studies is the lack of consensus among researchers on the selection of detection techniques to be used, especially for novice researchers. It is a daunting task for any inexperienced researcher when they fail to identify the right tools needed for microalgal biofilm studies. In this review, a well-refined analysis protocol about microalgal biofilm and EPSs were prepared including its extraction and characterization. Pros and cons of various detection techniques were addressed and cutting-edge methods to study biofilm EPSs were highlighted. Future perspectives were also presented at the end of this review to bridge research gaps in studying biofilm adhesion via EPSs production. Ultimately, this review aims to assist novice researchers in making the right choices in their research studies on microalgal biofilms in accordance to the available technologies and needs.
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Cheah and Chan (2022) emphasize that methodological divergence persists due to the lack of consensus among researchers on which techniques to adopt, complicating the comparison and interpretation of results.
“Similarly, Cheah and Chan (2022) emphasize that methodological divergence persists due to the lack of consensus among researchers on which techniques to adopt, complicating the comparison and interpretation of results.”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as Cheah and Chan, 2022
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Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design
Schneider, A. T., Machado, R. L. S., Dutra, D. A., Machado, E. F., Dias, R. R., Deprá, M. C., Zepka, L. Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1716473 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Similarly, Cheah and Chan (2022) emphasize that methodological divergence persists due to the lack of consensus among researchers on which techniques to adopt, complicating the comparison and interpretation of results.”
- Authors
- Cheah, Y. T., & Chan, D. J. C.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Microbiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2022-05-01
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3490-3514
- ISSN
- 1364-5072 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2672
- OpenAlex
- W4206981720
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Higher Education
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Keywords
- microalgal biofilms, extracellular polymeric substances, EPS extraction, biofilm adhesion, polysaccharides, detection methods, microalgae
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix, Biofilms, Microalgae
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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