Overview of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their applications
Abstract
Microalgae have been studied as natural resources for a number of applications, most particularly food, animal feed, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. In addition to the intracellular compounds of interest, microalgae can also excrete various extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) into their immediate living environment during their life cycle to form a hydrated biofilm matrix. These microalgal EPS mainly consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Most notably, EPS retain their stable matrix structure and form a 3-D polymer network for cells to interact with each other, and mediate their adhesion to surfaces. EPS also play a role as extracellular energy and carbon sinks. They are also abundant source of structurally and compositionally diverse biopolymers which possess unique bioactivities for special high-value applications, specifically as antivirals, antitumor agents, antioxidants, anticoagulants and anti-inflammatories. Their superior rheological properties also make microalgal EPS particularly useful in mechanical engineering (e.g., biolubricants and drag reducers) and food science/engineering (e.g., thickener and preservatives) applications. The chemical composition and structure of EPS appear to correlate with their applications, but the fundamentals of such relationship are not well understood. This article summarizes previous research on microalgal EPS derived from green algae, diatoms and red algae, including compositions/functions/structure, production, and potential applications. The importance of exopolysaccharides and EPS proteins, with their particular metabolic characteristics, are also described because of their potential high-value applications. This review concludes with potential future research areas of microalgal EPS.
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Extracellular polymeric substances derived from algae can accelerate metal biosorption, and their efficacy depends on EPS structure, solution properties, metal species, and operational conditions.
“Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) derived from algae can accelerate metal biosorption, and their efficacy depends on the EPS structure, solution properties, metal species, and operational conditions [[81], [82]].”
From Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
EPS released by Cyanothece sp. can remove heavy metals from contaminated water due to organic functional groups, namely carboxyl and hydroxyl, rather than ion exchange.
“Mota et al. [81] found that EPS released by Cyanothece sp. can remove HMs from contaminated water due to organic functional groups, namely carboxyl and hydroxyl, rather than ion exchange.”
From Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
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“Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) derived from algae can accelerate metal biosorption, and their efficacy depends on the EPS structure, solution properties, metal species, and operational conditions [81,82].”
BackgroundMicroalgae, old sustainable food and fashion nutraceuticals
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- Authors
- Xiao, R., & Zheng, Y.
- Affiliations
- Clemson University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zheng, Yi
- ORCID
- Zheng, Yi
- Venue
- Biotechnology Advances
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1225-1244
- ISSN
- 0734-9750 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2510628989
- Cited by
- 938
- References
- 232
- Citations by year
- 2026: 99 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 118 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 4.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biotechnology Advances (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- exopolysaccharides, EPS proteins, biofilm matrix, biopolymers, green algae, diatoms, red algae, antiviral activity, antioxidant activity, rheological properties, biolubricants, drag reducer, food thickeners, biopolymer production
- MeSH terms
- Biopolymers, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Species Specificity, Microalgae
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