MEMO: an mHealth intervention to prevent the onset of depression in adolescents: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Depression often starts in adolescence making it an ideal time to intervene. We developed a universal cognitive behavioural therapy-based programme (MEMO CBT) to be delivered via multimedia mobile phone messages for teens. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial in 15 high schools in Auckland, New Zealand, comparing MEMO CBT with a control programme [MEMO control] matched for intensity and type of message but with alternative content not targeting depression. The primary outcome was the change in score on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the change in scores in the self-reported Reynold's Adolescent Depression Rating Scale-Second Edition, the Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, suicidal ideation using selected items from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, the Pediatric Quality of Life questionnaire, 12-month period prevalence of the diagnosis of depressive disorder using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and students' ratings of their satisfaction with the programme. RESULTS: Eight hundred and fifty-five students (13-17 years old, mean 14.3 years) were randomly assigned to MEMO CBT (426) or to MEMO Control (429). Participants (68% female) had a mean CDRS-R at baseline of 21.5 (SD: 5). Overall 394 (93%) from the intervention group and 392 (91%) from the control group were followed up at 12 months. At the end of the intervention (approximately 9 weeks) the mean CDRS-R scores were 20.8 in the intervention group versus 20.4 in the control group, and at 12 months they were 22.4 versus 22.4 (p value for difference in change from baseline = 0.3). There was no obvious association between the amount of the intervention viewed by participants and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of benefit from the mobile phone CBT intervention compared with a control programme. Universal depression prevention remains a challenge.
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Two studies had negative effect sizes indicating that the control group had lower depression scores at post-test than the intervention group.
“Two studies had negative effect sizes indicating that the control group had lower depression scores at post-test than the intervention group (59, 74).”
From What Works and What Doesn’t Work? A Systematic Review of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Young People (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Whittaker, R., Stasiak, K., McDowell, H., Doherty, I., Shepherd, M., Chua, S., Dorey, E., Parag, V., Ameratunga, S., Rodgers, A., & Merry, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Auckland District Health Board (NZ)
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Whittaker, Robyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06-02
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1014-1022
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2621364029
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 6.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- University of Auckland
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- depression prevention, adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy, mobile phone messages, mobile health intervention, universal prevention, multimedia intervention, school-based intervention, suicidal ideation, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Equivalence Trials as Topic, Adolescent, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, New Zealand, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Telemedicine, Cell Phone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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