Effectiveness of online psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Rigabert, Alina; Motrico, Emma; Moreno-Peral, Patricia; Resurrección, Davinia María; Conejo-Cerón, Sonia; Cuijpers, Pim; Martín-Gómez, Carmen; López-Del-Hoyo, Yolanda; Bellón, Juan Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101931

Cited by 92Digital Mental Health InterventionsMental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Effectiveness of online psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Open access

Rigabert, Alina, Motrico, Emma, Moreno-Peral, Patricia, Resurrección, Davinia María, Conejo-Cerón, Sonia, Cuijpers, Pim, Martín-Gómez, Carmen, López-Del-Hoyo, Yolanda +1 more·2020·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101931

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although evidence exists for the efficacy of interventions to prevent depression, little is known about its prevention through online interventions. We aim to assess the effectiveness of online psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression in heterogeneous populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted based on literature searches in eight electronic data bases and other sources from inception to 22 July 2019. Of the 4181 abstracts reviewed, 501 were selected for full-text review, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, representing 10,134 participants from 11 countries and four continents. The pooled SMD was -0·26 (95%CI: -0·36 to -0·16; p < 0.001) and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this result. We did not find publication bias but there was substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 72%; 95%CI, 57% to 82%). A meta-regression including three variables explained 81% of the heterogeneity. Indicated prevention and interactive website delivery were statistically associated with higher effectiveness, and no association was observed with risk of bias. Online psychological and psychoeducational interventions have a small effect in reducing depressive symptoms in non-depressed and varied populations, and the quality of evidence is moderate. Given that these types of interventions are very accessible and can be applied on a wide scale, they should be further developed and implemented. Registration details: Registration number (PROSPERO): CRD42014014804.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101931

Cites

94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Some studies found larger effects for indicated than for universal or selective Internet-delivered prevention approaches for adolescents and adults.
“Some studies found larger effects indicated than for universal or selective Internet-delivered prevention approaches for adolescents and adults [62, 64].”
From Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
Meta-analyses focusing on Internet-delivered prevention reported small significant effects on subclinical symptoms, generally smaller or insignificant for adolescents compared to adults.
“Meta-analyses with a specific focus on Internet-delivered prevention reported small significant effects on subclinical symptoms [45, 61–63], which were generally smaller or even insignificant for adolescents compared to adults [62].”
From Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
Many reviews of the evidence for web-based interventions for specific disorders and for specific populations have been undertaken in recent years.
“many reviews of the evidence for web-based interventions for specific disorders (eg, depression [29-31]) and for specific populations (eg, adolescents and young adults [32,33]) have been undertaken in recent years.”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
A recent meta-analysis of 21 studies of web-based programs targeting depression found no significant differences in the effectiveness of the programs to prevent depression based on whether they were guided or not.
“A recent meta-analysis of 21 studies of web-based programs targeting depression found no significant differences in the effectiveness of the programs to prevent depression based on whether they were guided or not [31].”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]

Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,385 · see citing works
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646 · see citing works
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955 · see citing works
Introduction to Meta‐Analysis
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225 · see citing works
Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel‐Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · see citing works
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
James, S. L., Abate, D., Abate, K. H., Abay, S. M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Abdelalim, A., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7 · Cited by 13,867 · see citing works
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Vos, T., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulkader, R. S., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2 · Cited by 13,220 · see citing works
Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442 · Cited by 11,386 · see citing works
Introduction to Meta‐Analysis
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799 · see citing works
GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285 · see citing works
Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Flaxman, A. D., Johns, N., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61611-6 · Cited by 6,006 · see citing works
Improved tests for a random effects meta‐regression with a single covariate
Knapp, G., & Hartung, J. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1482 · Cited by 2,075 · see citing works
Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research
(1994) · doi:10.17226/2139 · Cited by 2,073 · see citing works
A Suggestion for Using Powerful and Informative Tests of Normality
D’Agostino, R. B., Belanger, A. J., & D’Agostino, R. B. (1990) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1990.10475751 · Cited by 1,809 · see citing works
A Suggestion for Using Powerful and Informative Tests of Normality
D'agostino, R. B., Belanger, A., & D'agostino, R. B. (1990) · The American Statistician · doi:10.2307/2684359 · Cited by 1,809 · see citing works
Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Controlling the risk of spurious findings from meta-regression
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2004) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1752 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
Advantages and limitations of Internet-based interventions for common mental disorders
Andersson, G., & Titov, N. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20083 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research
Novins, D. K. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199503000-00028 · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
The impact of guidance on Internet-based mental health interventions — A systematic review
Baumeister, H., Reichler, L., Munzinger, M., & Lin, J. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.08.003 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4984 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
School-based depression and anxiety prevention programs for young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Werner-Seidler, A., Perry, Y., Calear, A. L., Newby, J. M., & Christensen, H. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.005 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Using Psychological Artificial Intelligence (Tess) to Relieve Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Fulmer, R., Joerin, A., Gentile, B., Lakerink, L., & Rauws, M. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.9782 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Subthreshold depression as a risk indicator for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of prospective studies
Cuijpers, P., & Smit, F. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00301.x · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Self-citation
How effective are cognitive behavior therapies for major depression and anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic update of the evidence
Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20346 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preventing the onset of major depressive disorder: A meta-analytic review of psychological interventions
van Zoonen, K., Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Smit, F., Reynolds, C. F., Beekman, A. T., & Cuijpers, P. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt175 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preventing Depression: A Global Priority
Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A. T. F., & Reynolds, C. F. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.271 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of an online insomnia program (SHUTi) for prevention of depressive episodes (the GoodNight Study): a randomised controlled trial
Christensen, H., Batterham, P. J., Gosling, J. A., Ritterband, L. M., Griffiths, K. M., Thorndike, F. P., Glozier, N., O'Dea, B., Hickie, I. B., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00536-2 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Reducing the global burden of depression
Chisholm, D., Sanderson, K. A., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., & Saxena, S. (2004) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.5.393 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Internet- and mobile-based depression interventions for people with diagnosed depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Josephine, K., Josefine, L., Philipp, D., David, E., & Harald, B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.021 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
The YouthMood Project: a cluster randomized controlled trial of an online cognitive behavioral program with adolescents
Calear, A. L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Griffiths, K. M., & O'Kearney, R. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017391 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Prevention of major depression
Muñoz, R. F., Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Barrera, A. Z., & Leykin, Y. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-033109-132040 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citation
Towards a consensus around standards for smartphone apps and digital mental health
Torous, J., Andersson, G., Bertagnoli, A., Christensen, H., Cuijpers, P., Firth, J., Haim, A., Hsin, H., Hollis, C., Lewis, S., et al. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20592 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citation
Internet interventions: Past, present and future
Andersson, G. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.008 · Cited by 315 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Internet interventions at large have been around for about 20 years (Andersson, 2018).”
Background
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: a randomized controlled clinical trial
SPEK, V., NYKLÍČEK, I., SMITS, N., CUIJPERS, P., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707000542 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citation
Overcoming Depression on the Internet (ODIN): A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet Depression Skills Intervention Program
Clarke, G., Reid, E., Eubanks, D., O'Connor, E., DeBar, L. L., Kelleher, C., Lynch, F., & Nunley, S. (2002) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4.3.e14 · Cited by 256 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Selection bias Performance bias Detection bias Attrition bias Reporting bias Score Random sequence Generation (0–3) Allocation concealment(0–3) Blinding of participants and personnel (0–3) Blinding of Outcome assessment (0–3) Incomplete outcome data (0–3) Selective Reporting (0–3) Range (0− 12) Barrera et al., 2015 Lo…”
BackgroundInfluential
Prevention of anxiety disorders and depression by targeting excessive worry and rumination in adolescents and young adults: A randomized controlled trial
Topper, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Watkins, E., & Ehring, T. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.015 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for reducing mental health conditions in employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Stratton, E., Lampit, A., Choi, I., Calvo, R. A., Harvey, S. B., & Glozier, N. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189904 · Cited by 252 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MA) of online interventions in preventing depression have some limitations (Deady et al., 2017; Sander, Rausch, & Baumeister, 2016; Stratton et al., 2017; Zhou, Li, Pei, Gao, & Kong, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
Prevention of mental health disorders using internet and mobile-based interventions: a narrative review and recommendations for future research.
Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., Muñoz, R. F., & Baumeister, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00116 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of a Web-Based Guided Self-help Intervention for Prevention of Major Depression in Adults With Subthreshold Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Smit, F., Riper, H., Berking, M., & Cuijpers, P. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4326 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Economic Case for the Prevention of Mental Illness
McDaid, D., Park, A., & Wahlbeck, K. (2019) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
eHealth interventions for the prevention of depression and anxiety in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Deady, M., Choi, I., Calvo, R. A., Glozier, N., Christensen, H., & Harvey, S. B. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1473-1 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Internet-based interventions for the prevention of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sander, L., Rausch, L., & Baumeister, H. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.6061 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The Use of Social Networking Sites in Mental Health Interventions for Young People: Systematic Review
Ridout, B., & Campbell, A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12244 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Clinical and economic impact of non-adherence to antidepressants in major depressive disorder: A systematic review
Ho, S. C., Chong, H. Y., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Tangiisuran, B., & Jacob, S. A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.029 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial.
Lintvedt, O. K., Griffiths, K. M., Sørensen, K., Østvik, A. R., Wang, C. E. A., Eisemann, M., & Waterloo, K. (2013) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.770 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The macroeconomic burden of noncommunicable diseases in the United States: Estimates and projections
Chen, S., Kühn, M., Klaus Prettner, A., & Bloom, D. E. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206702 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The prevention of depression using the Internet
Christensen, H. M., & Griffiths, K. M. (2002) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04871.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Internet-Delivered Interpersonal Psychotherapy Versus Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Donker, T., Bennett, K., Bennett, A., Mackinnon, A., van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P., Christensen, H., & Griffiths, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2307 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citation
Efficacy and Acceptability of Pharmacological Treatments for Depressive Disorders in Primary Care: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Linde, K., Kriston, L., Rücker, G., Jamil, S., Schumann, I., Meißner, K., Sigterman, K. E., & Schneider, A. (2015) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1687 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Online prevention of postpartum depression for Spanish- and English-speaking pregnant women: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Barrera, A. Z., Wickham, R. E., & Muñoz, R. F. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.06.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Economic evaluations of internet- and mobile-based interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression: A systematic review
Paganini, S., Teigelkötter, W., Buntrock, C., & Baumeister, H. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.018 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
One-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled clinical trial on internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years
Spek, V., Cuijpers, P., Nyklíček, I., Smits, N., Riper, H., Keyzer, J., & Pop, V. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002590 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citation
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions.
Weisberg, S., & Fleiss, J. L. (1974) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2285710 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Cost-effectiveness of an Intervention to Prevent Depression in At-Risk Teens
Lynch, F. L., Hornbrook, M. C., Clarke, G. N., Perrin, N., Polen, M. R., O’Connor, E., & Dickerson, J. F. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1241 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Reducing Stress and Preventing Depression (RESPOND): Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-Based Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for High-Ruminating University Students
Cook, L., Mostazir, M., & Watkins, E. R. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11349 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Using Mobile Phone Sensor Technology for Mental Health Research: Integrated Analysis to Identify Hidden Challenges and Potential Solutions
Boonstra, T. W., Nicholas, J., Wong, Q. J. J., Shaw, F., Townsend, S., & Christensen, H. M. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/10131 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Adherence to the MoodGYM program: outcomes and predictors for an adolescent school-based population
Calear, A. L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., & Griffiths, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.036 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Effects of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program in Manga format on improving subthreshold depressive symptoms among healthy workers : a randomized controlled trial
Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Furukawa, T. A., Matsuyama, Y., Shimazu, A., Umanodan, R., Kawakami, S., & Kasai, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097167 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Internet-delivered cognitive control training as a preventive intervention for remitted depressed patients: Evidence from a double-blind randomized controlled trial study.
Hoorelbeke, K., & Koster, E. H. W. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000128 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a Web-Based Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Subthreshold Depression: Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial
Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Riper, H. M., Smit, F., Cuijpers, P. J., & Berking, M. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000438673 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Efficacy of an Unguided Online Intervention with Automated Feedback for the Treatment of Insomnia
Lorenz, N., Heim, E., Rötger, A., Birrer, E., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000486 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Targeted Prevention of Common Mental Health Disorders in University Students: Randomised Controlled Trial of a Transdiagnostic Trait-Focused Web-Based Intervention
Musiat, P., Conrod, P., Treasure, J. L., Tylee, A. T., Williams, C., & Schmidt, U. H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093621 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhou, T., Li, X., Pei, Y., Gao, J., & Kong, J. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1061-9 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Participants, Usage, and Use Patterns of a Web-Based Intervention for the Prevention of Depression Within a Randomized Controlled Trial
Kelders, S. M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2258 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Trajectories of change and long-term outcomes in a randomised controlled trial of internet-based insomnia treatment to prevent depression
Batterham, P. J., Christensen, H. M., Mackinnon, A. J., Gosling, J. A., Thorndike, F. P., Ritterband, L. M., Glozier, N., & Griffiths, K. M. (2017) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.005231 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Email-based promotion of self-help for subthreshold depression: Mood Memos randomised controlled trial
Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101394 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Ebert, D. D., Buntrock, C., Lehr, D., Smit, F., Riper, H., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2018) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.05.004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Internet-based program for depressive symptoms using human and automated support: a randomized controlled trial
Mira, A., Bretón-López, J., García-Palacios, A., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2017) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s130994 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Computer-Based Intervention for Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Population
Cukrowicz, K. C., & Joiner, T. E. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9094-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: The Enhancement of Self-Regulatory Skills and Its Association With Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Fonseca, A., Monteiro, F., Alves, S., Gorayeb, R., & Canavarro, M. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00265 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
MEMO: an mHealth intervention to prevent the onset of depression in adolescents: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Whittaker, R., Stasiak, K., McDowell, H., Doherty, I., Shepherd, M., Chua, S., Dorey, E., Parag, V., Ameratunga, S., Rodgers, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12753 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Does Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) prevent major depressive episode for workers? A 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Furukawa, T. A., Matsuyama, Y., Shimazu, A., Umanodan, R., Kawakami, S., & Kasai, K. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714003006 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Effectiveness of psychological and/or educational interventions to prevent the onset of episodes of depression: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Bellón, J. Á., Moreno-Peral, P., Motrico, E., Morejón, A. R., Fernández, A., Serrano‐Blanco, A., Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo, E., & Cerón, S. C. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.003 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based indicated transdiagnostic prevention of depression and anxiety (ICare Prevent): a three-armed randomized controlled trial in four European countries.
Weisel, K. K., Zarski, A.-C., Berger, T., Krieger, T., Schaub, M. P., Moser, C. T., Berking, M., Dey, M., Botella, C., Baños, R., et al. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.04.002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predicting the onset of major depression in primary care: international validation of a risk prediction algorithm from Spain
Bellón, J. Á., Luna, J. D. D., King, M., Moreno‐Küstner, B., Nazareth, I., Montón-Franco, C., GildeGómez-Barragán, M. J., Sánchez-Celaya, M., Díaz-Barreiros, M. Á., Vicens, C., et al. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711000468 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of Psychological and Educational Interventions to Prevent Depression in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Cerón, S. C., Moreno-Peral, P., Morejón, A. R., Motrico, E., Navas-Campaña, D., Rigabert, A., Martín-Pérez, C., Rodríguez-Bayón, A., Ballesta-Rodríguez, M. I., Luna, J. D. D., et al. (2017) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.2031 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Internet-Based Depression Prevention over the Life Course: A Call for Behavioral Vaccines
Voorhees, B. W. V., Mahoney, N., Mazo, R., Barrera, A. Z., Siemer, C. P., Gladstone, T. R. G., & Muñoz, R. F. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.11.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Costs of the principal mood disorders: A study of comparative direct and indirect costs incurred by those with bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar disorders
Parker, G. B., McCraw, S., Hadži-Pavlović, D., & Fletcher, K. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effect of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic and Interpersonal Training vs Internet-Based General Health Education on Adolescent Depression in Primary Care
Gladstone, T. R. G., DeFrino, D. T., Paulson, A., Nidetz, J., Canel, J., Ching, E., Berry, A. D., Cantorna, J., Fogel, J., Eder, M., et al. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4278 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Intervention to Prevent Major Depression in Primary Care
Bellón, J. Á., Cerón, S. C., Moreno-Peral, P., King, M., Nazareth, I., Martín-Pérez, C., Fernández-Alonso, C., Rodríguez-Bayón, A., Fernández, A., Aiarzagüena, J. M., et al. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2653 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial
Fernández, A., Mendive, J. M., Cerón, S. C., Moreno-Peral, P., King, M., Nazareth, I., Martín-Pérez, C., Fernández-Alonso, C., Rodríguez-Bayón, A., Aiarzagüena, J. M., et al. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1005-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of psychological and educational interventions for the prevention of depression in the workplace: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bellón, J. Á., Cerón, S. C., Cortés-Abela, C., Pena-Andreu, J. M., Garcı́a-Rodrı́guez, A., & Moreno-Peral, P. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3791 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
An adaptive virtual reality system for the treatment of adjustment disorder and complicated grief: 1‐year follow‐up efficacy data
Quero, S., Molés, M., Campos, D., Andreu‐Mateu, S., Baños, R., & Botella, C. (2018) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2342 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
From e-Health to i-Health: Prospective Reflexions on the Use of Intelligent Systems in Mental Health Care
Briffault, X., Morgiève, M., & Courtet, P. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8060098 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Internet-delivered cognitive control training as a preventive intervention for remitted depressed patients: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Hoorelbeke, K., Faelens, L., Behiels, J., & Koster, E. H. W. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0511-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Responding to women's needs and preferences in an online program to prevent postpartum depression
Ramphos, E. S., Kelman, A. R., Stanley, M., & Barrera, A. Z. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100275 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Differences in the Effect of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Improving Nonclinical Depressive Symptoms Among Workers by Time Preference: Randomized Controlled Trial
Imamura, K., Furukawa, T. A., Matsuyama, Y., Shimazu, A., Kuribayashi, K., Kasai, K., & Kawakami, N. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/10231 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effectiveness of online interventions in preventing depression: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Rigabert, A., Motrico, E., Moreno-Peral, P., Resurrección, D. M., Cerón, S. C., Navas-Campaña, D., & Bellón, J. Á. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Cultural adaptation of internet- and mobile-based interventions for mental disorders: a systematic review
Spanhel, K., Balci, S., Feldhahn, F., Bengel, J., Baumeister, H., & Sander, L. B. (2021) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00498-1 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Engaging Refugees With a Culturally Adapted Digital Intervention to Improve Sleep: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Spanhel, K., Hovestadt, E., Lehr, D., Spiegelhalder, K., Baumeister, H., Bengel, J., & Sander, L. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.832196 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A perspective on how user-centered design could improve the impact of self-applied psychological interventions in low- or middle-income countries in Latin America
Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., & De La Rosa-Gómez, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.866155 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Skill Enactment and Knowledge Acquisition in Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Jackson, H. M., Calear, A. L., Batterham, P. J., Ohan, J. L., Farmer, G. M., & Farrer, L. M. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44673 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Why we need to pursue both universal and targeted prevention to reduce the incidence of affective and psychotic disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Brodeur, S., Oliver, D., Ahmed, M. S., Radua, J., Venables, J., Gao, Y., Gigante, V., Veneziano, G., Vinci, G., Chesney, E., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105669 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review
Skaczkowski, G., van der Kruk, S., Loxton, S., Hughes-Barton, D., Howell, C., Turnbull, D., Jensen, N., Smout, M., & Gunn, K. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“We note that many reviews of the evidence for web-based interventions for specific disorders (eg, depression [29-31]) and for specific populations (eg, adolescents and young adults [32,33]) have been undertaken in recent years.”
Background
The Effect of the Imacoco Care Psychoeducation Website on Improving Psychological Distress Among Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial
Imamura, K., Sasaki, N., Sekiya, Y., Watanabe, K., Sakuraya, A., Matsuyama, Y., Nishi, D., & Kawakami, N. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/33883 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…interventions, which are mainly based on the principle of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), have a significant small effect (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.26) on reducing depressive symptoms in nondepressed and varied populations, with a moderate quality of evidence [11].”
Influential
Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in farming communities: mixed methods feasibility study of participant use and acceptability
Bowyer, H. L., Pegler, R., & Williams, C. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/42573 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a universal personalized intervention for the prevention of anxiety disorders: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial (the prevANS project)
Moreno-Peral, P., Rodríguez-Morejón, A., Bellón, J. A., García-Huércano, C., Martínez-Vispo, C., Campos-Paino, H., Galán, S., Reyes-Martín, S., Sánchez Aguadero, N., Rangel-Henriques, M., et al. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100640 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Hirsig, A., Häfeli, X. A., & Schmidt, S. J. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08241-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Although it seems necessary to better address individual and dynamic needs of participants by personalizing the intervention, less is known if this can be achieved by providing individualized e-guidance [47, 62, 99].”
Background

Hypothyroidism and levothyroxine therapy following bariatric surgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Azran, C., Hanhan-Shamshoum, N., Irshied, T., Ben-Shushan, T., Dicker, D., Dahan, A., & Matok, I. (2021) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2021.02.028 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Review for "The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality and Intensive Care Unit admission of COVID‐19 patients. A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression"
(2021) · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3517/v1/review1
Electrical pulse stimulation of cultured cells as a method for mimicking exercise: A systematic review, meta-regression and meta-analysis- Raw Data for Meta-analysis and Metaregression
Nintou, E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21299523
Review for "In search of a dose‐response relationship in SSRIs – a systematic review, meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis"
(2020) · doi:10.1111/acps.13235/v1/review2
oEffects of aerobic training with and without progression on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regressions.
Heberle, I., de Barcelos, G. T., Silveira, L. M. P., Costa, R., Gerage, A. M., & Delevatti, R. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108581 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Authors: Rigabert, A., Motrico, E., Moreno-Peral, P., Resurrección, D. M., Conejo-Cerón, S., Cuijpers, P., Martín-Gómez, C., López-Del-Hoyo, Y., & Bellón, J. Á.
Affiliations: Universidad Loyola Andalucía (ES)
Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Andalusian Health Service (ES)
Corresponding author: Motrico, Emma
ORCID: Rigabert, Alina
Motrico, Emma
Resurrección, Davinia María
Cuijpers, Pim
Bellón, Juan Ángel
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-12
Volume: 82
Pages: 101931
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101931
OpenAlex: W3094095669
Cited by: 92
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11
FWCI: 1.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.vu.nl
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: depression prevention, online intervention, psychoeducational intervention, psychological intervention, depressive symptoms, indicated prevention, interactive website, risk of bias, heterogeneous effects
MeSH terms: Depression, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effectiveness of online psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks