Maternal separation changes maternal care, anxiety-like behaviour and expression of paraventricular oxytocin and corticotrophin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in lactating rats
Abstract
The early postnatal period is a time of tremendous change for the dam and her offspring. During this time, environmental insults such as repeated stress exposure can have detrimental effects. In research that has focused on the effect of postnatal stress exposure on the dams, conflicting changes in maternal care and anxiety-like behaviour have been reported. Additionally, changes to hypothalamic neuropeptides that are crucially involved in the transition to motherhood and stress regulation, namely oxytocin and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), have not been examined. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine (i) whether repeated postpartum stress increases engagement in maternal care behaviours and anxiety-like behaviour and (ii) whether these behavioural changes correspond with changes to CRF- or oxytocin-immunoreactive (-IR) cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. A non-lactating group was also included to control for the effects of lactation on anxiety and the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system. Following the birth of their litters, Long-Evans dams were separated from their pups from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND21 for either 15 minutes (maternal separation [MS]15) or 6 hours (MS360). Maternal behaviours were recorded for 30 minutes on select PNDs following the separation. On PND22, dams were exposed to the elevated plus maze, brains were collected, and immunofluorescence analysis of PVN oxytocin- and CRF-IR cells was conducted. Our findings demonstrate that prolonged maternal separation altered typical maternal behaviours and reduced anxiety relative to MS15 dams. At the cellular level, oxytocin-IR cells in the caudal PVN were reduced in MS360 dams to a level similar to that in non-lactating controls, and PVN CRF-IR cells were reduced relative to both MS15 and non-lactating controls. Taken together, these data reveal the behavioural and neuronal changes that occur in the mother dam following repeated postnatal stress exposure.
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Parental/sensory deprivation or cesarean delivery can lead to disruptions of hypothalamic oxytocin and maternal behavior, while in rats enriched environments increase hypothalamic oxytocin in dams and their male offspring.
“Additionally, parental/sensory deprivation or cesarean delivery can lead to disruptions of hypothalamic OXT and maternal behavior (127-130), while, in rats, enriched environments increase hypothalamic OXT in dams and their male offspring (131).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [130]
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- Authors
- Baracz, S. J., Everett, N. A., Robinson, K. J., Campbell, G. R., & Cornish, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Baracz, Sarah J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e12861-e12861
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W3021110235
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Macquarie University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- maternal separation, maternal care, anxiety-like behavior, oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamus, postpartum stress, lactation, maternal behavior, stress regulation, neuroendocrine system
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Lactation, Male, Maternal Behavior, Maternal Deprivation, Oxytocin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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