Cited by 481Simulation-Based Education in HealthcareSurgical Simulation and TrainingInnovations in Medical Education

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Debriefing for technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cheng, Adam, Eppich, Walter, Grant, Vincent, Sherbino, Jonathan, Zendejas, Benjamin, Cook, David A·2014·Medical Education

DOI 10.1111/medu.12432

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Abstract

Objectives: Debriefing is a common feature of technology‐enhanced simulation ( TES ) education. However, evidence for its effectiveness remains unclear. We sought to characterise how debriefing is reported in the TES literature, identify debriefing features that are associated with improved outcomes, and evaluate the effectiveness of debriefing when combined with TES . Methods: We systematically searched databases, including MEDLINE , EMBASE and Scopus, and reviewed previous bibliographies for original comparative studies investigating the use of TES with debriefing in training health care providers. Reviewers, in duplicate, evaluated study quality and abstracted information on instructional design, debriefing and outcomes. Effect sizes ( ES ) were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Results: From 10 903 potentially eligible studies, we identified 177 studies (11 511 learners) that employed debriefing as part of TES . Key characteristics of debriefing (e.g. duration, educator presence and characteristics, content, structure/method, timing, use of video) were usually incompletely reported. A meta‐analysis of four studies demonstrated that video‐assisted debriefing has negligible and non‐significant effects for time skills ( ES = 0.10) compared with non‐video‐assisted debriefing. Meta‐analysis demonstrated non‐significant effects in favour of expert modelling with short debriefing in comparison with long debriefing (ES range = 0.21–0.74). Among studies comparing terminal with concurrent debriefing, results were variable depending on outcome measures and the context of training (e.g. medical resuscitation versus technical skills). Eight additional studies revealed insight into the roles of other debriefing‐related factors (e.g. multimedia debriefing, learner‐led debriefing, debriefing duration, content of debriefing). Among studies that compared simulation plus debriefing with no intervention, pooled ES s were favourable for all outcomes (ES range = 0.28–2.16). Conclusions: Limited evidence suggests that video‐assisted debriefing yields outcomes similar to those of non‐video‐assisted debriefing. Other debriefing design features show mixed or non‐significant results. As debriefing characteristics are usually incompletely reported, future debriefing research should describe all the key debriefing characteristics along with their associated descriptors.

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Authors: Cheng, A., Eppich, W., Grant, V., Sherbino, J., Zendejas, B., & Cook, D. A.
Affiliations: University of Calgary (CA)
Northwestern University (US)
McMaster University (CA)
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Cheng, Adam
ORCID: Cheng, Adam
Eppich, Walter
Grant, Vincent
Sherbino, Jonathan
Zendejas, Benjamin
Cook, David A
Venue: Medical Education
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-06-09
Volume: 48
Issue: 7
Pages: 657-666
ISSN: 0308-0110 (ISSN-L)
1365-2923
DOI: 10.1111/medu.12432
OpenAlex: W1986133144
Cited by: 481
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 4.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Medical Education (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical Simulation and Training
Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Keywords: debriefing, simulation-based medical education, video-assisted debriefing
MeSH terms: Computer Simulation, Education, Medical, Education, Professional, Health Personnel, Humans, Teaching, Time Factors, Video Recording, Databases, Bibliographic, Problem-Based Learning

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Debriefing for technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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