Cited by 247Nutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement TechniquesFrailty in Older Adults

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 131 of the 133 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

Liu, Chaoran, Wong, Pui Yan, Chung, Yik Lok, Chow, Simon Kwoon‐Ho, Cheung, Wing Hoi, Law, Sheung Wai, Chan, Juliana Chung Ngor, Wong, Ronald Man Yeung·2023·Obesity Reviews

DOI 10.1111/obr.13534

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Summary: Aging and obesity are two global concerns in public health. Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the combination of age‐related sarcopenia and obesity, has become a pressing issue. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize the current clinical evidence relevant to SO. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched, and 106 clinical studies with 167,151 elderlies were included. The estimated prevalence of SO was 9% in both men and women. Obesity was associated with 34% reduced risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.91; p < 0.001). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause mortality was 1.51 (95% CI 1.14–2.02; p < 0.001) for people with SO compared with healthy individuals. SO was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and related mortality, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, arthritis, functional limitation, and lung diseases (all ORs > 1.0, p < 0.05). The attenuated risk of sarcopenia in elderlies with obesity (“obesity paradox”) was dependent on higher muscle mass and strength. Apart from unifying the diagnosis of SO, more research is needed to subphenotype people with obesity and sarcopenia for individualized treatment. Meanwhile, the maintenance of proper body composition of muscle and fat may delay or attenuate the adverse outcomes of aging.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/obr.13534

Cites

131 of 131 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Untitled work
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., et al. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169 · Cited by 13,818
Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., Martin, F. C., Michel, J.-P., Rolland, Y., Schneider, S. M., et al. (2010) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afq034 · Cited by 11,601
Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment
Chen, L.-K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T.-W., Chou, M.-Y., Iijima, K., Jang, H. C., Kang, L., Kim, M., Kim, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012 · Cited by 7,070
Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus Report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
Chen, L.-K., Liu, L.-K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T.-W., Bahyah, K. S., Chou, M.-Y., Chen, L.-Y., Hsu, P.-S., Krairit, O., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025 · Cited by 4,051
Sarcopenia
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., & Sayer, A. A. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31138-9 · Cited by 3,905
The FNIH Sarcopenia Project: Rationale, Study Description, Conference Recommendations, and Final Estimates
Studenski, S. A., Peters, K. W., Alley, D. E., Cawthon, P. M., McLean, R. R., Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Fragala, M. S., Kenny, A. M., et al. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu010 · Cited by 2,545
Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration
Delmonico, M. J., Harris, T. B., Visser, M., Park, S. W., Conroy, M. B., Velasquez-Mieyer, P., Boudreau, R., Manini, T. M., Nevitt, M., Newman, A. B., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28047 · Cited by 1,446
Sarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Yeung, S. S. Y., Reijnierse, E. M., Pham, V. K., Trappenburg, M. C., Lim, W. K., Meskers, C. G. M., & Maier, A. B. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12411 · Cited by 1,115

Show all 133 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Lim JP, 2015, Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1: a proinflammatory cytokine elevated in sarcopenic obesity, Clin Interv Aging, 10, 605

Sorted by citations

Epidemiology of sarcopenia: Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences
Yuan, S., & Larsson, S. C. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155533 · Cited by 1,114
Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview
Prado, C. M., Batsis, J. A., Donini, L. M., Gonzalez, M. C., & Siervo, M. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-023-00943-z · Cited by 355
Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity
Wu, Y., Li, D., & Vermund, S. H. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21060757 · Cited by 332
“Among adults, BMI has been used to assess overweight status independent of age or sex [28], though its cut-offs for the elderly are debated [30].”
Background
A focus shift from sarcopenia to muscle health in the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2025 Consensus Update
Chen, L., Hsiao, F., Akishita, M., Assantachai, P., Lee, W., Lim, W. S., Muangpaisan, W., Kim, M., Merchant, R. A., Peng, L., et al. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-01004-y · Cited by 388
Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management
Wei, S., Nguyen, T. T., Zhang, Y., Ryu, D., & Gariani, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221 · Cited by 291
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People
Benz, E., Pinel, A., Guillet, C., Capel, F., Pereira, B., De Antonio, M., Pouget, M., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Eglseer, D., Topinkova, E., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3604 · Cited by 261
The impact of weight loss on fat-free mass, muscle, bone and hematopoiesis health: Implications for emerging pharmacotherapies aiming at fat reduction and lean mass preservation
Stefanakis, K., Kokkorakis, M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156057 · Cited by 142
The role of obesity in sarcopenia and the optimal body composition to prevent against sarcopenia and obesity
Liu, C., Cheng, K. Y.-K., Tong, X., Cheung, W.-H., Chow, S. K.-H., Law, S. W., & Wong, R. M. Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1077255 · Cited by 88
Self-citation
Short‐chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice
Liu, C., Wong, P. Y., Wang, Q., Wong, H. Y., Huang, T., Cui, C., Zhang, N., Cheung, W., & Wong, R. M. Y. (2024) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13573 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
2025 ACC Scientific Statement on the Management of Obesity in Adults With Heart Failure
Kittleson, M. M., Benjamin, E. J., Blumer, V., Harrington, J., Januzzi, J. L., McMurray, J. J. V., & Vest, A. R. (2025) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.008 · Cited by 79
Sarcopenia prevalence and functional outcomes in older men with obesity: Comparing the use of the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia versus ESPEN-EASO sarcopenic obesity consensus definitions
Scott, D. S., Blyth, F., Naganathan, V., Couteur, D. G. L., Handelsman, D. J., Waite, L. M., & Hirani, V. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.014 · Cited by 69
Improving sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of whey protein supplementation with or without resistance training
Li, M.-L., Zhang, F., Luo, H.-Y., Quan, Z.-W., Wang, Y.-F., Huang, L.-T., & Wang, J.-H. (2024) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100184 · Cited by 62
Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overlooked but High-Risk Syndrome
Mirzai, S., Carbone, S., Batsis, J. A., Kritchevsky, S. B., Kitzman, D. W., & Shapiro, M. D. (2024) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-024-00571-2 · Cited by 67
Impact of Sarcopenia on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Iwaki, M., Kobayashi, T., Nogami, A., Saito, S., Nakajima, A., & Yoneda, M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15040891 · Cited by 61
Obesity paradox in older sarcopenic adults ― a delay in aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Eitmann, S., Mátrai, P., Hegyi, P. J., Balaskó, M., Erőss, B. M., Dorogi, K., & Pétervári, E. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102164 · Cited by 59
Sarcopenic obesity and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta‐analysis
Veronese, N., Ragusa, F. S., Pegreffi, F., Dominguez, L. J., Barbagallo, M., Zanetti, M., & Cereda, E. (2024) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13502 · Cited by 56
Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health and Mortality in Older Adults: a Growing Health Concern in an Ageing Population
Wannamethee, S. G., & Atkins, J. L. (2023) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-023-01522-2 · Cited by 53
Association between lipid accumulation products and osteoarthritis among adults in the United States: A cross-sectional study, NHANES 2017-2020
Huang, J., Han, J., Rozi, R., Fu, B., Lu, Z., Liu, J., & Ding, Y. Q. (2024) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107861 · Cited by 48
Association between obesity and systemic immune inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index among US adults: a population-based analysis
Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, T., Zhang, A., & Li, Y. (2024) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-024-02240-8 · Cited by 51
Trend in prevalence, associated risk factors, and longitudinal outcomes of sarcopenia in China: A national cohort study
Qiu, W., Cai, A., Li, L., & Feng, Y. (2024) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13808 · Cited by 45
Association between sarcopenic obesity and risk of frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Gengxin, Y., Xuehan, M., Xinyu, W., Yali, Y., Yiran, X., Zheng, L., Qiu, Y., Li, G., & Chen, L. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afae286 · Cited by 52
Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a population-based study
Wang, X., Xie, L., & Yang, S. (2023) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06717-y · Cited by 38
Ectopic and visceral fat deposition in aging, obesity, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an interconnected role
Cheng, X., Jiang, S., Pan, B., Xie, W., & Meng, J. (2023) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-023-01964-3 · Cited by 40
The Asia–Oceania consensus: Definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity
Chen, T., Kao, H., Ogawa, W., Arai, H., Tahapary, D. L., Assantachai, P., Tham, K. W., Chan, D., Yuen, M. M. A., Appannah, G., et al. (2025) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2025.05.001 · Cited by 39
Crucial Regulatory Role of Organokines in Relation to Metabolic Changes in Non-Diabetic Obesity
Lőrincz, H., Somodi, S., Ratku, B., Harangi, M., & Paragh, G. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13020270 · Cited by 26
Frailty modifies the association of body mass index with mortality among older adults: Kyoto-Kameoka study
Watanabe, D., Yoshida, T., Watanabe, Y., Yamada, Y., Miyachi, M., & Kimura, M. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.002 · Cited by 23
The link between obesity and aging - insights into cardiac energy metabolism
Owesny, P., & Grune, T. (2023) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2023.111870 · Cited by 24
Analysis of sarcopenic obesity prevalence and diagnostic agreement according to the 2022 ESPEN and EASO Consensus in hospitalized older adults with severe obesity
Danielewicz, A. L., Marra, A., Tringali, G., Micheli, R. D., Abbruzzese, L., Fanari, P., Codecasa, F., Lazzer, S., Mendonça, V. A., Lacerda, A. C. R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1366229 · Cited by 20
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and sarcopenic obesity in adults: a population-based study
Zhao, Z., Cai, R., Tao, L., Sun, Y., & Sun, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1452512 · Cited by 21
Clinical Significance of Nutritional Status, Inflammation, and Body Composition in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients—A Case–Control Study
Ruperto, M., & Barril, G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245036 · Cited by 20
The distinct impacts of sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity on mortality in middle-aged and older adults based on different adiposity metrics: Results from I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study
Tseng, L.-Y., Liang, C., Peng, L., Lin, M.-H., Loh, C., Lee, W., Hsiao, F., & Chen, L. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.035 · Cited by 20
The weight-loss paradox in older adults: balancing fat loss with muscle preservation
Arslan, S., & Aydın, A. (2025) · Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center · doi:10.1186/s42269-025-01374-8 · Cited by 19
Management of Older Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Matos, L. L., Sanabria, Á., Robbins, K. T., Halmos, G. B., Strojan, P., Ng, W. T., Takes, R. P., Angelos, P., Piazza, C., de Bree, R., et al. (2023) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-023-02460-x · Cited by 21
Specific bioelectrical vectors pattern in individuals with sarcopenic obesity
Marini, E., Sulis, S., Vorobeľová, L., & Stagi, S. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.024 · Cited by 19
The obesity paradox and 90 day mortality in chronic critically ill patients: a cohort study using a large clinical database
Xu, D., Lu, Y. H., Wang, Y., & Li, F. (2024) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-024-01962-w · Cited by 19
Reverse epidemiology of obesity paradox: Fact or fiction?
Kishore, B. K. (2024) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70107 · Cited by 17
Low lean mass with obesity in older adults with hypertension: prevalence and association with mortality rate
Qu, Q., Guo, Q.-X., Sun, J.-Y., Lu, X.-Y., Cheang, I., Zhu, X., Yao, W.-M., Li, X.-L., Zhang, H.-F., Zhou, Y.-L., et al. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04326-x · Cited by 17
Beyond Traditional Body Composition Metrics: Load-Capacity Indices Emerge as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Outcomes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Guan, Z., Minnetti, M., Heymsfield, S. B., Poggiogalle, E., Prado, C. M. M., Sim, M., Stephan, B. C. M., Wells, J. C. K., Donini, L. M., & Siervo, M. (2025) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100364 · Cited by 18
Exercise and dietary recommendations to preserve musculoskeletal health during weight loss in adults with obesity: A practical guide
Mesinovic, J., Hurst, C., Leung, G. K. W., Ryan, J. R., Daly, R. M., & Scott, D. (2025) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-025-09968-3 · Cited by 22
Age- and sex-adjusted CT-based reference values for temporal muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and radiodensity
Pesonen, E. K., Arponen, O., Niinimäki, J. L., Hernández, N., Pikkarainen, L., Tetri, S., & Korhonen, T. K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86711-7 · Cited by 15
Body Composition Changes After Bariatric Surgery or Treatment With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Wang, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Lowery, B. D., Shaffer, L. L., Chen, Y., Wells, Q. S., Flynn, C. R., Williams, B., Spann, M. D., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53323 · Cited by 17
Clinical Relevancies of Sarcopenic Obesity in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD)
Chien, S.-C., Chiu, H., Chiu, Y., Wang, R.-H., Dillera, K. P., Lee, K., Tsai, H., Tsai, Y.-S., Ou, H., & Cheng, P. (2025) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-025-08844-z · Cited by 14
The association between sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia and functional dependence, malnutrition, and mortality: the phenomenon of obesity paradox in sarcopenic obesity
Zhou, Y., Sun, C. C., Zhao, R., Dong, C., Gu, Z., & Gao, J. (2025) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-024-01139-y · Cited by 13
Natural Flavonoids for the Prevention of Sarcopenia: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms
Yoon, Y. E., Ju, S. H., Kim, Y., & Lee, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157458 · Cited by 17
Daidzein Inhibits Muscle Atrophy by Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokine- and Muscle Atrophy-Related Gene Expression
Munekawa, C., Okamura, T., Majima, S., Budau, R., Kawai, S., Kobayashi, A., Nakajima, H., Kitagawa, N., Okada, H., Senmaru, T., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16183084 · Cited by 13
Very high prevalence of osteosarcopenia in hip fracture patients: risk and protective factors
Wong, R. M. Y., Wong, P. Y., Chau, W., Liu, C., Zhang, N., & Cheung, W. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05828-7 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Detecting sarcopenia in obesity: emerging new approaches
Cappellari, G. G., Zanetti, M., Donini, L. M., & Barazzoni, R. (2024) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000001062 · Cited by 12
Risks of All‐Cause Mortality in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease With Sarcopenia or Obesity: A Population‐Based Study
Li, J., Tu, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Yu, P., & Liu, J. (2025) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13828 · Cited by 12
The relationship between intrinsic capacity and sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese populations: the mediating influence of a novel nutritional index
Ding, H., Li, C., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1605158 · Cited by 11
Management of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: 2026 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway
Kittleson, M. D., Panjrath, G. S., Bates, K., Breathett, K. K., Dixon, D. L., Januzzi, J. L., & Mohammed, S. F. (2026) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.06.018 · Cited by 16
Associations between physical fitness, body composition, and heart rate variability during exercise in older people: exploring mediating factors
Mabe-Castro, D., Castillo-Aguilar, M., Mabe-Castro, M., Muñoz, R. M., Basualto-Alarcón, C., & Núñez-Espinosa, C. A. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18061 · Cited by 13
Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients of 70 years and older: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Kapała, J. M., Maroszczuk, T., & Dowgiałło‐Gornowicz, N. (2024) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13867 · Cited by 11
Incidence and risk factors of sarcopenia in gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Fu, M., Wang, X., Zhou, J., & Wang, J. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-13766-0 · Cited by 12
Neck circumference as a potential indicator of pre-sarcopenic obesity in a cohort of community-based individuals
Xu, Y., Li, X., Hu, T., Shen, Y., Xiao, Y., Wang, Y., Bao, Y., & Ma, X. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.006 · Cited by 11
Immunogenetic Aspects of Sarcopenic Obesity
Mazurkiewicz, Ł., Czernikiewicz, K., & Grygiel‐Górniak, B. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15020206 · Cited by 11
Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among older adults in communities of China: A multicenter, cross‐sectional study
Yang, J., Wang, Y., Shi, X., Liu, Y., Ge, S., Li, S., Wang, Y., Li, F., Suryawanshi, P., & Chen, W. (2024) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11214 · Cited by 10
Complementary Role of BMI and EOSS in Predicting All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in People with Overweight and Obesity
Bioletto, F., Ponzo, V., Goitre, I., Stella, B., Rahimi, F., Parasiliti‐Caprino, M., Broglio, F., Ghigo, E., & Bo, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16203433 · Cited by 12
The diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity
Habboub, B., Speer, R., Gosch, M., & Singler, K. (2025) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.m2025.0004 · Cited by 12
Sarcopenic obesity and risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Luo, Y., Shu, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Han, M., Liu, Y., Xu, Y. J., & Han, B. (2025) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-025-01909-z · Cited by 14
Exploring the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: a summary of findings from longitudinal studies and potential mechanisms
Guan, Z., Stephan, B. C. M., Donini, L. M., Prado, C. M. M., Sim, M., & Siervo, M. (2024) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665124007559 · Cited by 9
Sarcopenic obesity: pathogenesis, epidemiology and management in older adults
Glavas, C., & Scott, D. S. (2025) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2025.2543811 · Cited by 11
Dietary polyphenols and sarcopenia: epigenetic mechanisms and geroscience perspectives for muscle health in aging
Rodrigues, G. D. S., da Silva, L. S. L., Sobrinho, A. C. D. S., Benjamim, C. J. R., Abud, G. F., Ortiz, G. U., de Freitas, E. C., & Júnior, C. R. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1696473 · Cited by 10
Machine learning–based detection of sarcopenic obesity and association with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for spinal metastases
Khalid, S. I., Massaad, E., Kiapour, A., Bridge, C. P., Rigney, G. H., Burrows, A., Shim, J., Ramos, R. D. L. G., Tobert, D. G., Schoenfeld, A. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neurosurgery Spine · doi:10.3171/2023.9.spine23864 · Cited by 9
Probable and confirmed sarcopenia are still better predictors of disability than sarcopenic obesity following ESPEN/EASO consensus steps
Çavdar, S., Koçak, F. Ö. K., & Savaş, S. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05897-7 · Cited by 10
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review
Tan, L. F., Sia, C., & Merchant, R. A. (2025) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2024-233 · Cited by 10
Current application and future directions for the sarcopenic obesity Global Leadership Initiative (SOGLI) diagnostic algorithm
Minnetti, M., Pierantozzi, G., Aubertin‐Leheudre, M., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Batsis, J. A., Boirie‌, Y., Busetto, L., Cederholm, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Genton, L., et al. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106675 · Cited by 9
Association between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Depression in NAFLD: the modulating roles of sex and BMI
Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Ke, S., Xie, T., Liu, L., Fu, X., Wang, C., & Huang, X. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06308-8 · Cited by 8
Clinical practice guidelines for older adults living with overweight and obesity: A scoping review
Porter, J. A., & Gaskin, C. J. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.nutos.2024.04.006 · Cited by 8
The prognostic value of pre-treatment sarcopenia in overall survival in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review
Syziu, A., & Schache, A. G. (2024) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2024.07.008 · Cited by 7
Evaluating Anthropometric Indices for Malnutrition Assessment in Older Adults: Scoping Review
Akpınar, Ş., & Köksal, E. (2025) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00654-z · Cited by 8
Prevalence and Determinants of Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 65 and over in Eastern Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study
Kemaloğlu, E., Çiçek, B., Sözmen, M. K., & Kemaloğlu, M. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17152522 · Cited by 7
Association between microbiota awareness and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric indicators, and biochemical parameters in older adults
Arslan, S., & Selçuk, K. T. (2025) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-025-00382-y · Cited by 8
Fragilidad, sarcopenia y osteoporosis
Olmos, J. M., Martínez, P. H., & Macías, J. G. (2024) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2024.03.004 · Cited by 7
Predicting sarcopenia risk in stroke patients: a comprehensive nomogram incorporating demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical indicators
Pu, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, H., Dou, X., Xu, J., & Li, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1438575 · Cited by 7
Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and the clinical outcome of the older inpatients with COVID-19 infection: a prospective observational study
Zong, M., Zhao, A., Han, W., Chen, Y., Weng, T., Li, S., Tang, L., & Wu, J. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05177-w · Cited by 6
Role of immunity and inflammation in sarcopenic obesity
Ma, Y. F., Li, X., Lin, X., Zhang, K., & Leng, J. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.110077 · Cited by 8
Effect of short-term exercise with different programs on prevention of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial
Pan, N., Krasowska, K., & Zbigniew, O. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0333171 · Cited by 7
Associations between sarcopenic obesity and the risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome progression: insights from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Xin, Y., Qian, X., & Yang, Y. J. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-02032-9 · Cited by 6
Metabolically unhealthy obesity, sarcopenia and their interactions in obesity pathophysiology and therapeutics: Room for improvement in pharmacotherapy
Katsarou, A., Kouvari, M., Hill, M. A., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155714 · Cited by 6
The Mini Nutritional Assessment combined with body fat for detecting the risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in metabolic syndrome
Yen, C., Lee, Y.-W., Chang, W.-J., & Lin, P. (2024) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114524000369 · Cited by 6
Skeletal muscle mass increases after viral eradication with direct‐acting antivirals in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A longitudinal study
Coelho, M. P. P., de Vries, T. P., Pires, A. M., Parreira, M. P., de Alvarenga, É. R., Cambraia, R. D., dos Santos, R. R., Bezerra, J. M. T., Colosimo, E. A., Rocha, G. A., et al. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17950 · Cited by 6
Relationship between aging and excess body fat with markers of inflammation, skeletal muscle mass and strength in Mexican community-dwelling people
Mendoza-Núñez, V. M., Aguilar-Curiel, J. V., Castillo‐Martínez, L., Rodríguez-García, W. D., Vaquero‐Barbosa, N., Rosado-Pérez, J., & Arista-Ugalde, T. L. (2024) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-024-03727-0 · Cited by 6
Risk of secondary sarcopenia in Europeans with fibromyalgia according to the EWGSOP2 guidelines: systematic review and meta-analysis
RODRÍGUEZ-LUMBRERAS, L., Ruiz-Cárdenas, J. D., & Murcia-González, M. A. (2024) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08348-5 · Cited by 6
Dietary vitamin D intake and changes in body composition over three years in older adults with metabolic syndrome
Vázquez‐Lorente, H., Ni, J., Babió, N., García‐Arellano, A., Romaguera, D., Martínez, J. A., Estruch, R., Martín, V., Vidal, J., Fitó, M., et al. (2025) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100467 · Cited by 6
Sarcopenia is not associated with hypertension, but sarcopenic obesity increases risk of hypertension: a 7-year cohort study
Du, R., Yuan, J., Huang, Y., Jiang, G., Duan, Z., Yang, H., & Huang, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1479169 · Cited by 7
Defining obesity in the context of cancer: thinking beyond body mass index
Gulati, S., & Murphy, W. J. (2025) · Trends in cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2025.01.009 · Cited by 6
The association between sarcopenic obesity and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults
Demırdağ, F., Kolbaşı, E. N., & Güler, K. Y. (2025) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afaf040 · Cited by 6
The diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity with different definitions in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults
Hu, F., Zhang, G., Xu, Z., Zuo, Z., Huang, N., Ge, M., Liu, X., & Dong, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1356878 · Cited by 6
Metabolic obesity phenotypes and all-cause mortality among the Chinese oldest-old population: a prospective cohort study
Song, W.-Q., Zhong, W.-F., Gao, J., Li, Z., Ren, J.-J., Shen, D., Wang, X.-M., Shen, Q., You, F., Fu, Q., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01571-x · Cited by 6
Frailty, sarcopenia and osteoporosis
Olmos, J. M., Martínez, P. H., & Macías, J. G. (2024) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2024.03.004 · Cited by 6
Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers Predicting Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Arab Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Livshits, G., Tarabeih, N., Kalinkovich, A., Shalata, A., & Ashkenazi, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26125699 · Cited by 6
Sarcopenic obesity, physical activity, and their combined impact on biological aging in US adults
Wang, C., Zheng, R., Song, W., Sun, X., Du, X., & Lu, C. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23424-6 · Cited by 7
Moving away from BMI: a new era of diagnostic criteria in obesity
Sibal, R., Balamurugan, G., Graham, Y. N. H., & Mahawar, K. K. (2025) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2025.2537160 · Cited by 5
Predictive efficacy of waist-related indices for sarcopenic obesity incidence in Chinese older adults: a nationwide cohort study
Zhang, C., Xiao, L., Lü, H., & Deng, H. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06310-z · Cited by 5
Additive effects of depression and abdominal obesity on cognitive function in middle-aged and older population: evidence from multinational cohorts
Wang, R., Chen, Y., Teopiz, K. M., McIntyre, R. S., & Cao, B. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04298-2 · Cited by 5
Obesity indicators and risk of mortality and functional health outcomes in Asian community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shin, H. E., Jang, J. Y., Arai, H., Lim, W. S., Chen, L., Kim, M., & Won, C. W. (2025) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2025.112936 · Cited by 7
Is a higher body mass index associated with longer duration of survival with disability in frail than in non-frail older adults?
Watanabe, D., Yoshida, T., Watanabe, Y., Yamada, Y., & Kimura, M. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01681-6 · Cited by 5
European recommendations from healthcare professionals and people living with obesity on safe practice for bariatric and metabolic surgery medical tourism: a modified Delphi consensus statement from EASO, IFSO-EC, and ECPO
Dobbie, L. J., Birney, S., Breen, C., Bryant, S., Clare, K., Ciudin, A., Felsenreich, D. M., Halford, J. C. G., Heneghan, H., Lorenzo, N. D., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000002171 · Cited by 7
Oestrogen replacement combined with resistance exercise in older women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Mitoma, T., Ooba, H., Takahashi, K., Kondo, T., Ikeda, T., Sakamoto, Y., Mitsuhashi, T., & Maki, J. (2025) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afaf224 · Cited by 5
Behaviour therapy for obesity in older adults
Koca, M., Dobbie, L. J., Ciudin, A., & Halil, M. G. (2024) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2024.10.022 · Cited by 6

Authors: Liu, C., Wong, P. Y., Chung, Y. L., Chow, S. K., Cheung, W. H., Law, S. W., Chan, J. C. N., & Wong, R. M. Y.
Affiliations: Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author: Wong, Ronald Man Yeung
ORCID: Liu, Chaoran
Wong, Pui Yan
Chung, Yik Lok
Chow, Simon Kwoon‐Ho
Cheung, Wing Hoi
Law, Sheung Wai
Chan, Juliana Chung Ngor
Wong, Ronald Man Yeung
Venue: Obesity Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2022-11-28
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: e13534-e13534
ISSN: 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
1467-789X
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13534
OpenAlex: W4310209091
Cited by: 247
References: 133
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 24
FWCI: 6.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
Keywords: sarcopenic obesity, obesity paradox, sarcopenia, aging, older adults, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, functional limitations, muscle mass, muscle strength, body composition, prevalence
MeSH terms: Aged, Aging, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Sarcopenia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks