Trauma‐related dissociation: Psychological features and psychophysiological responses to script‐driven imagery in borderline personality disorder
Abstract
Defense reactions to threatening situations are vital adaptations to stress that protect organisms from injury and ensure survival. We retrospectively investigated the role of peritraumatic dissociation (PD) in the occurrence of severe psychopathology and dissociative patterns of reactions in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We recruited 28 patients with a clinical diagnosis of BPD and 15 healthy controls. The BPD group was divided according to the level of PD (low vs. high): BPD and PD (n = 15) and BPD only (n = 13). We conducted an extensive investigation of history of trauma, clinical status, and measurements of emotional and physiologic responses to recall of personalized aversive experiences. Participants with BPD and high PD displayed highest degrees of trauma exposure and clinical symptoms. Their significant heart rate decline during the imagery of personal traumatic events was opposed to the heart rate increases exhibited by the other two groups and may indicate a dissociative reaction pattern. Skin conductance responses did not differentiate between groups. Several emotional responses to imagery also reinforced the idea that PD may play a role in memory processing of traumatic events and thus in the aggravation and maintenance of symptoms in particularly severe forms of BPD. Within a stepwise linear regression analysis, the best model for trauma-evoked heart rate responses included PD and borderline symptoms, but no measures of state or trait dissociation. Our…
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No study utilizing personalized trauma stimuli found a relationship between skin conductance and trait dissociation.
“No study utilizing personalized trauma stimuli found a relationship between SC and trait dissociation (Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017; Rhudy et al., 2008; Schmahl et al., 2004; Vermes et al., 2020).”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017
For peritraumatic dissociation, one study depicted a significantly decreased heart rate in comorbid PTSD-BPD patients.
“For peritraumatic dissociation, one study depicted a significantly decreased heart rate in comorbid PTSD-BPD patients (Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017).”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017
Few neurophysiological studies have assessed peritraumatic, acute, and trait dissociation within one cohort.
“To date, few neurophysiological studies have assessed peritraumatic, acute, and trait dissociation within one cohort (e.g. Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017; Hauschildt et al., 2011)”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017
None of the other studies using personalized trauma reminders or nightmare scripts found a relationship between heart rate and trait dissociation.
“None of the other studies using personalized trauma reminders (Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017; Castro-Chapman et al., 2018; Halligan et al., 2006; Schmahl et al., 2004) or nightmare scripts (Rhudy et al., 2008) found a relationship between HR and trait dissociation.”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017
Bichescu-Burian et al. (2017) found no effects of peritraumatic dissociation on skin conductance response amplitude or frequency during an intervention.
“Contrarily, during an intervention Bichescu-Burian et al. (2017) found no effects of peritraumatic dissociation on SCR amplitude or frequency.”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al. (2017)
Bichescu-Burian et al. (2017) used a change score to demonstrate a large negative correlation between peritraumatic dissociation and heart rate during an intervention (r = −.54, p = .010).
“On the other hand, Bichescu-Burian et al. (2017) used a change score to demonstrate a large negative correlation between peritraumatic dissociation and HR during an intervention (r = −.54, p = .010).”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al. (2017)
Only a single study on peritraumatic dissociation demonstrated a significantly decreased heart rate, reflecting a hypoaroused autonomic state.
“As previously stated, only a single study on peritraumatic dissociation demonstrated a significantly decreased heart rate, reflecting a hypoaroused autonomic state (Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017).”
From Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients (2022) · cites this paper as Bichescu-Burian et al., 2017
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Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
Salavati, M., & Selby, E. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75503-3_10
- Authors
- Bichescu‐Burian, D., Steyer, J., Steinert, T., Grieb, B., & Tschöke, S.
- Affiliations
- Center for Psychiatry Südwürttemberg, Weissenau Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I of the Ulm University Ravensburg Germany
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-12-03
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 452-461
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2560026994
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- peritraumatic dissociation, borderline personality disorder, trauma exposure, script-driven imagery, heart rate response, skin conductance, dissociative reactions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Borderline Personality Disorder, Dissociative Disorders, Emotions, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Imagination, Psychophysiology, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult
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