Assessment of maximal fat oxidation during exercise: A systematic review
Abstract
Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the exercise intensity eliciting MFO (Fat max ) are considered biological markers of metabolic health and performance. A wide range of studies have been performed to increase our knowledge about their regulation by exercise and/or nutritional intervention. However, numerous data collection and analysis approaches have been applied, which may have affected the MFO and Fat max estimation. We aimed to systematically review the available studies describing and/or comparing different data collection and analysis approach factors that could affect MFO and Fat max estimation in healthy individuals and patients. Two independent researchers performed the search. We included all original studies in which MFO and/or Fat max were estimated by indirect calorimetry through an incremental graded exercise protocol published from 2002 to 2019. This systematic review provides key information about the factors that could affect MFO and Fat max estimation: ergometer type, metabolic cart used, warm‐up duration and intensity, stage duration and intensities imposed in the graded exercise protocol, time interval selected for data analysis, stoichiometric equation selected to estimate fat oxidation, data analysis approach, time of the day when the test was performed, fasting time/previous meal before the test, and testing days for MFO/Fat max and maximal oxygen uptake assessment. We suggest that researchers measuring MFO and Fat max should take into account these key methodological issues that can considerably affect the accuracy, validity, and reliability of the measurement. Likewise, when comparing different studies, it is important to check whether the above‐mentioned key methodological issues are similar in such studies to avoid ambiguous and unacceptable comparisons.
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Identifying the optimal exercise intensity, where the RER is closest to 0.8, ensures the highest reliance on fat oxidation during aerobic activity.
“By identifying the optimal exercise intensity, where the RER is closest to 0.8, this approach ensures the highest reliance on fat oxidation during aerobic activity.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [103]
Integrating these data with precision nutrition plans enhances the effectiveness of weight management strategies by promoting maximal fat loss while preserving lean muscle mass.
“Integrating these data with precision nutrition plans enhances the effectiveness of weight management strategies by promoting maximal fat loss while preserving lean muscle mass [103].”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [103]
Ergospirometry is a valuable tool for maximizing fat loss through tailored exercise prescriptions.
“Ergospirometry is another valuable tool for maximizing fat loss through tailored exercise prescriptions.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., Sanchez‐Delgado, G., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., De‐la‐O, A., Castillo, M. J., Helge, J. W., & Ruiz, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Amaro‐Gahete, Francisco J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-04-21
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 910-921
- ISSN
- 0905-7188 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0838
- OpenAlex
- W2925977995
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Granada (Excellence actions: Units of Excellence (UCEES))
- Junta de Andalucía (SOMM17/6107/UGR)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- maximal fat oxidation, indirect calorimetry, methodological factors, metabolic cart, warm-up, stoichiometric equations, time of day, fasting, reliability and validity
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Calorimetry, Indirect, Fasting, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Ergometry
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