Mechanical properties of human skin in vivo: a comparative evaluation in 300 men and women
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the clinical genesis and onset of facial wrinkles as well as the morphology of the extracellular matrix differ between the sexes. The aim of this present clinical study was to do the first systematic assessment of gender-related differences in skin elasticity, with special focus on age-related changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 300 healthy male and female subjects (20-74 years) were selected following strict criteria including age, sun behavior or smoking habits. Skin mechanical properties were assessed at the cheek, neck, volar forearm and dorsum of the hand using a non-invasive suction device. RESULTS: Data analysis shows a significant negative correlation for all parameters and subject's age. At young age results of the relative parameters are higher for women, whereas absolute parameters are higher for men. Parameters referring to the recovery phase change stronger with aging. DISCUSSION: The present study verifies the progressive decline of the skin mechanical properties with aging. However, the elastic ability of the skin to recover after stretching is more strongly affected by the aging process than the firmness of the skin. Further, the mechanical properties change differently in men and woman over lifetime.
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Elastic recovery reflects the biomechanical properties of the skin and is influenced by collagen and elastin networks as well as hydration status.
“Elastic recovery reflects the biomechanical properties of the skin and is influenced by collagen and elastin networks as well as hydration status [34,51,52].”
From A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Effects of Oral Centella asiatica Extract on Skin Aging-Related Parameters in Middle-Aged Korean Women. (2026) · cites this paper as [34]
The Discussion (page unavailable) links elastic recovery to skin mechanics and says elastic fibers enable skin to return to its shape, while collagen supports mechanical stability. The paper does not establish that skin hydration status influences elastic recovery; the Method section mentions room humidity only as a standardized measurement condition. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese outcomes were derived from objective, instrument-based measurements rather than subjective assessments.
“These outcomes were derived from objective, instrument-based measurements rather than subjective assessments [34].”
There is a relative lack of high-quality trials employing objective, non-invasive skin measurement techniques to comprehensively assess wrinkles, hydration, barrier function, and elasticity following oral intake of Centella asiatica extract.
“Moreover, there is a relative lack of high-quality trials employing objective, non-invasive skin measurement techniques to comprehensively assess wrinkles, hydration, barrier function, and elasticity following oral intake of Centella asiatica extract [33,34].”
From A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Effects of Oral Centella asiatica Extract on Skin Aging-Related Parameters in Middle-Aged Korean Women. (2026) · cites this paper as [34]
The Method section (page unavailable) describes non-invasive measurement of skin elasticity, and the Subjects section identifies an age-related study of 300 men and women. Neither those passages nor searches for Centella asiatica, oral intake, and a lack of trials address whether trials comprehensively measuring the stated outcomes are scarce. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Luebberding, S., Krueger, N., & Kerscher, M.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Luebberding, S.
- Venue
- Skin Research and Technology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-07-25
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-135
- ISSN
- 0909-752X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0846
- OpenAlex
- W1967465908
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 12.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Skin Research and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques
- Keywords
- skin biomechanics, skin elasticity, skin aging, sex differences, gender differences, skin firmness, facial wrinkles, extracellular matrix
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Hardness, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Palpation, Physical Stimulation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Viscosity, Reproducibility of Results, Skin Aging, Elastic Modulus, Young Adult
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