Low-frequency power of heart rate variability is not a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone but may be a measure of modulation of cardiac autonomic outflows by baroreflexes
Open accessAbstract
Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability has often been used to assess cardiac autonomic function; however, the relationship of low-frequency (LF) power of heart rate variability to cardiac sympathetic tone has been unclear. With or without adjustment for high-frequency (HF) power, total power or respiration, LF power seems to provide an index not of cardiac sympathetic tone but of baroreflex function. Manipulations and drugs that change LF power or LF:HF may do so not by affecting cardiac autonomic outflows directly but by affecting modulation of those outflows by baroreflexes.
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LnLF reflects the actions of the sympathetic nervous system through baroreflex-mediated changes in heart rate.
“LnLF is said to reflect the actions of the sympathetic nerve system through baroreflex-mediated changes in HR, 36,37”
From Caffeine delays autonomic recovery following acute exercise (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
In “LF Power is Related to Baroreflex Function” (page unavailable), the paper reports that log LF power correlates with baroreflex-cardiovagal gain, supporting the baroreflex part of the claim. It also says log LF power does not correlate with cardiac sympathetic outflow and that it cannot separate baroreflex modulation of sympathetic from parasympathetic outflow. The source therefore does not support presenting LnLF specifically as a reflection of sympathetic nervous system activity. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“There is also no evidence that the LFa (low frequency area) (Nguyen et al., 2020) is specific for sympathetic activity (Goldstein et al., 2011; Rahman et al., 2011).”
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- Authors
- Goldstein, D. S., Bentho, O., Park, M.-Y., & Sharabi, Y.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Experimental Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-10-13
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1255-1261
- ISSN
- 0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3224799
- OpenAlex
- W1570752686
- Semantic Scholar
- d1ed95a1c9b5682fbc1344e1f3b3efed08290020
- Cited by
- 846
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ZIANS003034)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Keywords
- heart rate variability, low-frequency power, cardiac sympathetic tone, baroreflex, autonomic regulation, LF/HF ratio, respiration, autonomic function testing
- MeSH terms
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Norepinephrine, Sympathetic Nervous System, Baroreflex, Positron-Emission Tomography
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