CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 120Sodium Intake and HealthCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Dietary sodium loading impairs microvascular function independent of blood pressure in humans: role of oxidative stress

Open access
Greaney, Jody L., DuPont, Jennifer J., Lennon‐Edwards, Shannon L., Sanders, Paul W., Edwards, David G., Farquhar, William B.·2012·The Journal of Physiology
DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.236992PMC PMC3515835
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Key points: Pre‐clinical studies suggest that acute dietary sodium loading impairs vascular function without alterations in blood pressure; however, human data are lacking. In this study, normotensive salt‐resistant adults participated in a controlled feeding study, in which they consumed a low‐sodium diet for 1 week and a high‐sodium diet for 1 week, in random order. During each diet, microvascular function was assessed. Here we report the novel finding of sodium‐induced impairments in microvascular function independent of blood pressure in healthy adults. We additionally show that function was improved by the administration of the anti‐oxidant ascorbic acid. Therefore, in addition to its well‐known importance for blood pressure control, lowering sodium intake may have beneficial effects on microvascular function in healthy normotensive adults. Abstract Animal studies have reported dietary salt‐induced reductions in vascular function independent of increases in blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to determine if short‐term dietary sodium loading impairs cutaneous microvascular function in normotensive adults with salt resistance. Following a control run‐in diet, 12 normotensive adults (31 ± 2 years) were randomized to a 7 day low‐sodium (LS; 20 mmol day−1) and 7 day high‐sodium (HS; 350 mmol day−1) diet (controlled feeding study). Salt resistance, defined as a ≤5 mmHg change in 24 h mean BP determined while on the LS and HS diets, was confirmed in all subjects undergoing study (LS: 84 ± 1 mmHg vs. HS: 85 ± 2 mmHg; P > 0.05). On the last day of each diet, subjects were instrumented with two microdialysis fibres for the local delivery of Ringer solution and 20 m m ascorbic acid (AA). Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure red blood cell flux during local heating‐induced vasodilatation (42°C). After the established plateau, 10 m m l‐NAME was perfused to quantify NO‐dependent vasodilatation. All data were expressed as a percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) at each site (28 m m sodium nitroprusside; 43°C). Sodium excretion increased during the HS diet (P < 0.05). The plateau % CVCmax was reduced during HS (LS: 93 ± 1 % CVCmax vs. HS: 80 ± 2 % CVCmax; P < 0.05). During the HS diet, AA improved the plateau % CVCmax (Ringer: 80 ± 2 % CVCmax vs. AA: 89 ± 3 % CVCmax; P < 0.05) and restored the NO contribution (Ringer: 44 ± 3 % CVCmax vs. AA: 59 ± 6 % CVCmax; P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that dietary sodium loading impairs cutaneous microvascular function independent of BP in normotensive adults and suggest a role for oxidative stress.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.236992

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Reduced sodium diets improve endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability.

    “We have previously demonstrated that reduced sodium diets result in improved endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability.13, 17, 21, 40”

    From Reducing Dietary Sodium to 1000 mg per Day Reduces Neurovascular Transduction Without Stimulating Sympathetic Outflow (2019) · cites this paper as [40]

    The Microvascular function results report better cutaneous vasodilation on the low-sodium than the high-sodium diet in normotensive adults with salt-resistant blood pressure. However, the difference in nitric oxide’s contribution between diets did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.075), and nitric oxide bioavailability was not directly measured. The claim therefore overstates that part of the finding and generalizes beyond the microvascular response studied. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [43]43. C 2012 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology C 2012 The Physiological Society 14697793, 2012, 21, Downloaded from https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.236992 by Mount Vernon Nazarene University, Wiley Online Library on [23/06/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Greaney, J. L., DuPont, J. J., Lennon‐Edwards, S. L., Sanders, P. W., Edwards, D. G., & Farquhar, W. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Delaware (US)
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-10-04
Volume
590
Issue
21
Pages
5519-5528
ISSN
  • 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7793
DOI
10.1113/jphysiol.2012.236992
PMC
PMC3515835
OpenAlex
W2107741169
Semantic Scholar
ae7ae9eacce98c899313d615fad2d0b65a735415
Cited by
119
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI
5.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (P30 DK079337)
  • National Institutes of Health (GM103446, DK079337)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL104106)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM103446)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK046199, P30DK079337)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P20RR016472)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
high-salt diet, sodium restriction, microvascular function, cutaneous vascular conductance, oxidative stress, salt tolerance, normotensive subjects, vitamin C, antioxidant supplementation, nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation, sodium excretion, blood pressure, sodium reduction, L-NAME, sodium nitroprusside, microdialysis
MeSH terms
Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Male, Sodium, Dietary, Oxidative Stress, Microvessels

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review