Control of Muscle Protein Synthesis as a Result of Contractile Activity and Amino Acid Availability: Implications for Protein Requirements
Abstract
The major anabolic influences on muscle are feeding and contractile activity. As a result of feeding, anabolism occurs chiefly by increases in protein synthesis with minor changes in protein breakdown. Insulin has a permissive role in increasing synthesis, but the availability of amino acids is crucial for net anabolism. We have investigated the role of amino acids in stimulating muscle protein synthesis, the synergy between exercise and amino acid availability, and some of the signaling elements involved. The results suggest that muscle is acutely sensitive to amino acids, that exercise probably increases the anabolic effects of amino acids by a separate pathway, and that for this reason it is unlikely that accustomed physical exercise increases protein requirements.
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An acute exercise stimulus, particularly resistance exercise, and protein ingestion both stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption occurs before or after resistance exercise.
“An acute exercise stimulus, particularly resistance exercise, and protein ingestion both stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption occurs before or after resistance exercise.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
Exercise and macronutrient consumption interact synergistically to provide a net anabolic effect far greater than either feeding or exercise alone.
“exercise and macronutrient consumption interact synergistically to provide a net anabolic effect far greater than either feeding or exercise alone.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
Many published investigations report that protein supplementation results in significant improvements in lean body weight/cross-sectional areas compared to placebo treatments.
“many published investigations report that protein supplementation results in significant improvements in lean body weight/cross-sectional areas as compared to placebo treatments [15, 17, 21–23, 26, 27, 33, 37].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
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International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
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“tion of amino acids [37, 46, 61], it is now clear that”
BackgroundInternational Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise
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- Authors
- Rennie, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rennie, Michael J.
- ORCID
- Rennie, Michael J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- s1
- Pages
- S170-S176
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W18401714
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- muscle protein synthesis, amino acid availability, physical activity, protein requirements, insulin, muscle anabolism, protein degradation, signaling pathways, physical exercise adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Nutritional Requirements, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements
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