Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 105

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport in Male Athletes: A Commentary on Its Presentation Among Selected Groups of Male Athletes

Burke, Louise M., Close, Graeme L., Lundy, Bronwen, Mooses, Martin, Morton, James P., Tenforde, Adam S.·2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Low energy availability (LEA) is a key element of the Female Athlete Triad. Causes of LEA include failure to match high exercise energy expenditure (unintentional) or pathological behaviors of disordered eating (compulsive) and overzealous weight control programs (misguided but intentional). Recognition of such scenarios in male athletes contributed to the pronouncement of the more inclusive Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) syndrome. This commentary describes the insights and experience of the current group of authors around the apparently heightened risk of LEA in some populations of male athletes: road cyclists, rowers (lightweight and open weight), athletes in combat sports, distance runners, and jockeys. The frequency, duration, and magnitude of the LEA state appear to vary between populations. Common risk factors include cyclical management of challenging body mass and composition targets (including “making weight”) and the high energy cost of some training programs or events that is not easily matched by energy intake. However, additional factors such as food insecurity and lack of finances may also contribute to impaired nutrition in some populations. Collectively, these insights substantiate the concept of RED-S in male athletes and suggest that a specific understanding of a sport, subpopulation, or culture may identify a complex series of factors that can contribute to LEA and the type and severity of its outcomes. This commentary provides a perspective on the range of risk factors that should be addressed in future surveys of RED-S in athletic populations and targeted for specific investigation and modification.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 11 references

Research works printed but not linked: 72

  1. Ackerman, K., & Tenforde, A. (2018). Endocrine review. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Manuscript in preparation.30008240
  2. Alderman, B., Landers, D.M., Carlson, J., & Scott, J.R. (2004). Factors related to rapid weight loss practices among international-style wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(2), 249–252. PubMed ID: 14767247 doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000113668.03443.66 · DOI
  3. Barrack, M.T., Fredericson, M., Tenforde, A.S., & Nattiv, A. (2017). Evidence of a cumulative effect for risk factors predicting lower bone mass among male adolescent athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51, 200–205. PubMed ID: 29461218 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096698 · DOI
  4. Barrack, M.T., Rauh, M.J., & Nichols, J.F. (2008). Prevalence of and traits associated with low BMD among female adolescent runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(12), 2015–2021. PubMed ID: 18981950 doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181822ea0 · DOI
  5. Barry, D.W., & Kohrt, W.M. (2008). BMD decreases over the course of a year in competitive male cyclists. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 23, 484–491. PubMed ID: 18072875 doi:10.1359/jbmr.071203 · DOI
  6. Boardman, C. (2000). The complete book of cycling (pp. 45–46). London, UK: Partridge.
  7. Brugh, D.D., Williford, J.H., Chibucos, T.R., & Shewokis, P.A. (2001). The frequency of eating disorder tendencies among male high school wrestlers, non wrestler athletes, and nonathletes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(9), A86. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(01)80294-7 · DOI
  8. Burke, L.M., Melin, A., Fahrenholtz, I., & Lundy, B. (2018). Pitfalls and problems with measuring energy availability. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Manuscript in preparation.
  9. Campion, F., Nevill, A.M., Karlsson, M.K., Lounana, J., Shabani, M., Fardellone, P., & Medelli, J. (2010). Bone status in professional cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(7), 511–515. PubMed ID: 20432201 doi:10.1055/s-0029-1243616 · DOI
  10. Christensen, D.L., Van Hall, G., & Hambraeus, L. (2002). Food and macronutrient intake of male adolescent Kalenjin runners in Kenya. The British Journal of Nutrition, 88(6), 711–717. PubMed ID: 12493093 doi:10.1079/BJN2002728 · DOI
  11. Crighton, B., Close, G.L., & Morton, J.P. (2016). Alarming weight cutting behaviours in mixed martial arts: A cause for concern and a call for action. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(8), 446–447. PubMed ID: 26459278 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094732 · DOI
  12. Daniele, G., Weinstein, R.N., Wallace, P.W., Palmieri, V., & Bianco, M. (2016). Rapid weight gain in professional boxing and correlation with fight decisions: Analysis from 71 title fights. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 44(4), 349–354. PubMed ID: 27564844 doi:10.1080/00913847.2016.1228421 · DOI
  13. da Silva Santos, J.F., Takito, M.Y., Artioli, G.G., & Franchini, E. (2016). Weight loss practices in Taekwondo athletes of different competitive levels. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(3), 202–208. PubMed ID: 27419116 doi:10.12965/jer.1632610.305 · DOI
  14. De Souza, M.J., Nattiv, A., Joy, E., Misra, M., Williams, N.I., Mallinson, R.J., … American Bone Health Alliance. (2014). 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition consensus statement on treatment and return to play of the female athlete triad: 1st International Conference held in San Francisco, CA, May 2012, and 2nd International Conference held in Indianapolis, IN, May 2013. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 24(2), 96–119. PubMed ID: 24569429 doi:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000085 · DOI
  15. De Sousa, M.V., Pereira, R.M., Fukui, R., Caparbo, V.F., & da Silva, M.E. (2014). Carbohydrate beverages attenuate bone resorption markers in elite runners. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 63(12), 1536–1541. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.08.011 · DOI
  16. Dolan, E., Crabtree, N., McGoldrick, A., Ashley, D.T., McCaffrey, N., & Warrington, G.D. (2012). Weight regulation and bone mass: A comparison between professional jockeys, elite amateur boxers, and age, gender and BMI matched controls. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 30(2), 164–170. PubMed ID: 21773703 doi:10.1007/s00774-011-0297-1 · DOI
  17. Dolan, E., O’Connor, H., McGoldrick, A., O’Loughlin, G., Lyons, D., & Warrington, G. (2011). Nutritional, lifestyle, and weight control practices of professional jockeys. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(8), 791–799. PubMed ID: 21506039 doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.560173 · DOI
  18. Dulloo, A.G. (1997). Regulation of body composition during weight recovery: Integrating the control of energy partitioning and thermogenesis. Clinical Nutrition, 16(Suppl. 1), 25–35. doi:10.1016/S0261-5614(97)80046-5 · DOI
  19. Filaire, E., Rouveix, M., Pannafieux, C., & Ferrand, C. (2007). Eating attitudes, perfectionism and body-esteem of elite male judoists and cyclists. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6, 50–57. PubMed ID: 24149224
  20. Fredericson, M., Chew, K., Ngo, J., Cleek, T., Kiratli, J., & Cobb, K. (2007). Regional bone mineral density in male athletes: A comparison of soccer players, runners and controls. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(10), 664–668. PubMed ID: 17473003 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.030783 · DOI
  21. Fudge, B.W., Easton, C., Kingsmore, D., Kiplamai, F.K., Onywera, V.O., Westerterp, K.R., … Pitsiladis, Y.P. (2008). Elite Kenyan endurance runners are hydrated day-to-day with ad libitum fluid intake. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(6), 1171–1179. PubMed ID: 18460986 doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318169cdda · DOI · Paper page
  22. Jeukendrup, A.E., Craig, N.P., & Hawley, J.A. (2000). The bioenergetics of World Class Cycling. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 3(4), 414–433. PubMed ID: 11235007 doi:10.1016/S1440-2440(00)80008-0 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Jurimae, J., Maestu, J., & Jurimae, T. (2003). Leptin as a marker of training stress in highly trained male rowers? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 90, 533–538. PubMed ID: 12905045 doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0879-2 · DOI
  24. Kelsey, J.L., Bachrach, L.K., Procter-Gray, E., Nieves, J., Greendale, G.A., Sowers, M., … Cobb, K.L. (2007). Risk factors for stress fracture among young female cross-country runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(9), 1457–1463. PubMed ID: 17805074 doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318074e54b · DOI
  25. Kerr, D.A., Ross, W.D., Norton, K., Hume, P., Kagawa, M., & Ackland, T.R. (2007). Olympic lightweight and open-class rowers possess distinctive physical and proportionality characteristics. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(1), 43–53. PubMed ID: 17127580 doi:10.1080/02640410600812179 · DOI
  26. Lanagan-Evans, C., Close, G.L., & Morton, J.P. (2011). Making weight in combat sports. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33, 25–39. doi:10.1519/SSC.0b013e318231bb64 · DOI
  27. Lombardi, G., Lanteri, P., Graziani, R., Colombini, A., Banfi, G., & Corsetti, R. (2012). Bone and energy metabolism parameters in professional cyclists during the Giro d’Italia 3-weeks stage race. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e42077. PubMed ID: 22848709 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042077 · DOI
  28. Loucks, A.B., Kiens, B., & Wright, H.H. (2016). Energy availability in athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(Suppl. 1), S7–S15. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.588958 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Lundy, B. (2006). Dietary studies of athletes: An interview with sports dietitian Bronwen Lundy. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16(2), 226–228. PubMed ID: 16779928
  30. Martin, D., Wilson, G., Morton, J.P., Close, G.L., & Murphy, R.C. (2017). The horseracing industry’s perception of nutritional and weight-making practices of professional jockeys. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 9(5), 568–582. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2017.1340330 · DOI
  31. Mooses, M., & Hackney, A.C. (2017). Anthropometrics and body composition in East African runners: Potential impact on performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(4), 422–430. PubMed ID: 27631418 doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0408 · DOI
  32. Morton, J.P., Robertson, C., Sutton, L., & MacLaren, D.P. (2010). Making the weight: A case study from professional boxing. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 20(1), 80–85. PubMed ID: 20190355 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.1.80 · DOI
  33. Muia, E.N., Wright, H.H., Onywera, V.O., & Kuria, E.N. (2016). Adolescent elite Kenyan runners are at risk for energy deficiency, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(7), 598–606. PubMed ID: 26153433 doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1065340 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Nindl, B.C., Friedl, K.E., Frykman, P.N., Marchitelli, L.J., Shippee, R.L., & Patton, J.F. (1997). Physical performance and metabolic recovery among lean, healthy men following a prolonged energy deficit. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18(5), 317–324. PubMed ID: 9298770 doi:10.1055/s-2007-972640 · DOI
  35. Olds, T., Norton, K., Craig, N., Olive, S., & Lowe, E. (1995). The limits of the possible: Models of power supply and demand in cycling. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(2), 29–33. PubMed ID: 8521030
  36. Olmedillas, H., Gonzalez-Aguero, A., Moreno, L.A., Casajus, J.A., & Vicente-Rodriguez, G. (2012). Cycling and bone health: A systematic review. BMC Medicine, 10, 168. PubMed ID: 23256921 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-168 · DOI
  37. O’Loughlin, G., Cullen, S.J., McGoldrick, A., O’Connor, S., Blain, R., O’Malley, S., & Warrington, G.D. (2013). Using a wearable camera to increase the accuracy of dietary analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44(3), 297–301. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.11.007 · DOI
  38. Onywera, V.O., Kiplamai, F.K., Boit, M.K., & Pitsiladis, Y.P. (2004). Food and macronutrient intake of elite Kenyan distance runners. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 14(6), 709–719. PubMed ID: 15657475 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.6.709 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Onywera, V.O., Scott, R.A., Boit, M.K., & Pitsiladis, Y.P. (2006). Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runners. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(4), 415–422. PubMed ID: 16492605 doi:10.1080/02640410500189033 · DOI
  40. Pollock, N., & Hamilton, B. (2008). Osteoporotic fracture in an elite male Kenyan athlete. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(12), 1000–1001. PubMed ID: 18048427 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.039818 · DOI
  41. Poon, E.T., O’Reilly, J., Sheridan, S., Cai, M.M., & Wong, S.H. (2018). Markers of bone health, bone-specific physical activities, nutritional intake and quality of life of professional jockeys in Hong Kong. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(4). doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0176 · DOI
  42. Poslusna, K., Ruprich, J., de Vries, J.H., Jakubikova, M., & van’t Veer, P. (2009). Misreporting of energy and micronutrient intake estimated by food records and 24 hour recalls, control and adjustment methods in practice. The British Journal of Nutrition, 101(Suppl. 2), S73–S85. doi:10.1017/S0007114509990602 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Prouteau, S., Pelle, A., Collomp, K., Benhamou, L., & Courteix, D. (2006). Bone density in elite judoists and effects of weight cycling on bone metabolic balance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(4), 694–700. PubMed ID: 16679985 doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000210207.55941.fb · DOI · Paper page
  44. Reale, R., Cox, G.R., Slater, G., & Burke, L.M. (2016). Regain in body mass after weigh-in is linked to success in real life judo competition. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 26(6), 525–530. PubMed ID: 27206272 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0359 · DOI
  45. Reale, R., Cox, G.R., Slater, G., & Burke, L.M. (2017a). Weight regain: No link to success in a real-life multiday boxing tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(7), 856–863. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0311 · DOI
  46. Reale, R., Slater, G., & Burke, L.M. (2017b). Individualised dietary strategies for Olympic Combat Sports: Acute weight loss, recovery and competition nutrition. European Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(6), 727–740. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1297489 · DOI
  47. Reale, R., Slater, G., & Burke, L.M. (2018). Weight management practices of Australian Olympic combat sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(4), 459–466. PubMed ID: 28872383 doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0553 · DOI
  48. Rector, R.S., Rogers, R., Ruebel, M., & Hinton, P.S. (2008). Participation in road cycling vs running is associated with lower bone mineral density in men. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 57(2), 226–232. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.09.005 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Rouveix, M., Bouget, M., Pannafieux, C., Champely, S., & Filaire, E. (2007). Eating attitudes body esteem, perfectionism and anxiety of judo athletes and nonathletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 340–345. PubMed ID: 17024652 doi:10.1055/s-2006-924334 · DOI
  50. Saarni, S.E., Rissanen, A., Sarna, S., Koskenvuo, M., & Kaprio, J. (2006). Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage. International Journal of Obesity, 30(11), 1639–1644. PubMed ID: 16568134 doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803325 · DOI
  51. Scott, R.A., Georgiades, E., Wilson, R.H., Goodwin, W.H., Wolde, B., & Pitsiladis, Y.P. (2003). Demographic characteristics of elite Ethiopian endurance runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(10), 1727–1732. PubMed ID: 14523311 doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000089335.85254.89 · DOI
  52. Slater, G.J., Rice, A.J., Mujika, I., Hahn, A.G., Sharpe, K., & Jenkins, D.G. (2005). Physique traits of lightweight rowers and their relationship to competitive success. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(10), 736–741. PubMed ID: 16183770 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.015990 · DOI
  53. Tam, N., Santos-Concejero, J., Tucker, R., Lamberts, R.P., & Micklesfield, L.K. (2018). Bone health in elite Kenyan runners. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(4), 456–461. PubMed ID: 28406358 doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1313998 · DOI
  54. Tenforde, A.S., Barrack, M.T., Nattiv, A., & Fredericson, M. (2016). Parallels with the female athlete triad in male athletes. Sports Medicine, 46(2), 171–182. PubMed ID: 26497148 doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0411-y · DOI · Paper page
  55. Tenforde, A.S., Fredericson, M., Sayres, L.C., Cutti, P., & Sainani, K.L. (2015). Identifying sex-specific risk factors for low BMD in adolescent runners. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 1494–1504. PubMed ID: 25748470 doi:10.1177/0363546515572142 · DOI
  56. Tenforde, A.S., Parziale, A.L., Popp, K.L., & Ackerman, K.E. (2018). Low bone mineral density in male athletes is associated with bone stress injuries at anatomic sites with greater trabecular composition. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(1), 30–36. PubMed ID: 28985103 doi:10.1177/0363546517730584 · DOI
  57. Tucker, R., Onywera, V.O., & Santos-Concejero, J. (2015). Analysis of the Kenyan distance-running phenomenon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(3), 285–291. PubMed ID: 25115138 doi:10.1123/ijspp.2014-0247 · DOI
  58. Vervoorn, C., Quist, A.M., Vermulst, L.J., Erich, W.B., de Vries, W.R., & Thijssen, J.H. (1991). The behaviour of the plasma free testosterone/cortisol ratio during a season of elite rowing training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(3), 257–263. PubMed ID: 1889932 doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024677 · DOI
  59. Viner, R.T., Harris, M., Berning, J.R., & Meyer, N.L. (2015). Energy availability and dietary patterns of adult male and female competitive cyclists with lower than expected bone mineral density. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 25(6), 594–602. PubMed ID: 26131616 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0073 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Vinther, A., Kanstrup, I.L., Christiansen, E., Alkjaer, T., Larsson, B., Magnusson, S.P., … Aagaard, P. (2006). Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: Potential risk factors related to thoracic muscle co-contraction and movement pattern. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(3), 188–196. PubMed ID: 16643197 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00473.x · DOI
  61. Vinther, A., Kanstrup, I.L., Christiansen, E., Ekdahl, C., & Aagaard, P. (2008). Testosterone and BMD in elite male lightweight rowers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(10), 803–807. PubMed ID: 18401806 doi:10.1055/s-2008-1038430 · DOI
  62. Waldron-Lynch, F., Murray, B.F., Brady, J.J., McKenna, M.J., McGoldrick, A., Warrington, G., … Barragry, J.M. (2010). High bone turnover in Irish professional jockeys. Osteoporosis International, 21(3), 521–525. PubMed ID: 19271097 doi:10.1007/s00198-009-0887-0 · DOI
  63. Wilson, G., Chester, N., Eubank, M., Crighton, B., Drust, B., Morton, J.P., & Close, G.L. (2012). An alternative dietary strategy to make weight while improving mood, decreasing body fat, and not dehydrating: A case study of a professional jockey. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 22(3), 225–231. PubMed ID: 22693243 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.3.225 · DOI
  64. Wilson, G., Drust, B., Morton, J.P., & Close, G.L. (2014a). Weight-making strategies in professional jockeys: Implications for physical and mental health and well-being. Sports Medicine, 44(6), 785–796. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0169-7 · DOI
  65. Wilson, G., Fraser, W.D., Sharma, A., Eubank, M., Drust, B., Morton, J.P., & Close, G.L. (2013a). Markers of bone health, renal function, liver function, anthropometry and perception of mood: A comparison between Flat and National Hunt Jockeys. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(5), 453–459. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1321898 · DOI
  66. Wilson, G., Hawken, M.B., Poole, I., Sparks, A., Bennett, S., Drust, B., … Close, G.L. (2014b). Rapid weight-loss impairs simulated riding performance and strength in jockeys: Implications for making-weight. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(4), 383–391. doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.825732 · DOI
  67. Wilson, G., Hill, J., Sale, C., Morton, J.P., & Close, G.L. (2015a). Elite male Flat jockeys display lower bone density and lower resting metabolic rate than their female counterparts: Implications for athlete welfare. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 40(12), 1318–1320. doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0354 · DOI
  68. Wilson, G., Martin, D., Morton, J.P., & Close, G.L. (2018). Male flat jockeys do not display deteriorations in bone density or resting metabolic rate in accordance with race riding experience: Implications for RED-S. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(4). doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-037129431539 · DOI
  69. Wilson, G., Pritchard, P.P., Papageorgiou, C., Phillips, S., Kumar, P., Langan-Evans, C., … Close, G.L. (2015b). Fasted exercise and increased dietary protein reduces body fat and improves strength in jockeys. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(12), 1008–1014. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1549920 · DOI
  70. Wilson, G., Sparks, S.A., Drust, B., Morton, J.P., & Close, G.L. (2013b). Assessment of energy expenditure in elite jockeys during simulated race riding and a working day: Implications for making weight. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 38(4), 415–420. doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0269 · DOI
  71. Woods, A.L., Garvican-Lewis, L.A., Lundy, B., Rice, A.J., & Thompson, K.G. (2017). New approaches to determine fatigue in elite athletes during intensified training: Resting metabolic rate and pacing profile. PLoS ONE, 12(3), e0173807. PubMed ID: 28296943 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173807 · DOI
  72. Yates, A., Edman, J.D., Crago, M., & Crowell, D. (2003). Eating disorder symptoms in runners, cyclists and paddlers. Addictive Behaviors, 28(8), 1473–1480. PubMed ID: 14512070 doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00263-0 · DOI

Cited by

See all 105

Metadata

Authors
Burke, L. M., Close, G. L., Lundy, B., Mooses, M., Morton, J. P., & Tenforde, A. S.
Affiliations
  • Australian Institute of Sport
  • Liverpool John Moores University
  • University of Tartu
  • Harvard Medical School
Venue
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2018-07-01
Volume
28
Issue
4
Pages
364-374
ISSN
  • 1526-484X
  • 1543-2742
DOI
10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182
Cited by
105
References
11

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport in Male Athletes: A Commentary on Its Presentation Among Selected Groups of Male Athletes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182
The paper
Burke, L. M., Close, G. L., Lundy, B., Mooses, M., Morton, J. P., & Tenforde, A. S. (2018). Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport in Male Athletes: A Commentary on Its Presentation Among Selected Groups of Male Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.