Stabilizing Bioimpedance-Vector-Analysis Measures With a 10-Minute Cold Shower After Running Exercise to Enable Assessment of Body Hydration
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: The exercise-induced increase in skin and body temperature, cutaneous blood flow, and electrolyte accumulation on the skin affects the validity of bioimpedance analysis to assess postexercise changes in hydration. This study aimed to assess the influence of a 10-min cold (22°C) shower on the time course of impedance measurements after controlled exercise. Methods: In total, 10 male athletes (age 26.2 [4.1] y and body mass index 23.9 [1.7] kg/m 2) were tested on 2 different days. During both trials, athletes ran for 30 min on a treadmill in a room at 23°C. In a randomized crossover trial, the participants underwent a 10-min cold shower on the trial occasion and did not shower in the control trial. Bioimpedance analysis variables were measured before running (ie, baseline [T0]), immediately after exercising (T1), and 20 (T2), 40 (T3), and 60 min (T4) after the exercise. The shower was performed after T1 in the shower trial. Results: Body weight decreased similarly in both trials (−0.4% [0.1%], P < .001; −0.4% [0.1%], P < .001). Resistance and vector length returned to baseline at T2 in the shower trial, whereas baseline values were achieved at T3 in the control trial (P > .05). In the control trial, reactance remained at a lower level for the entire testing period (38.1 [6.9] vs 37.3 [6.7], P < .001). Forehead skin temperature returned to baseline values at T2 with shower, whereas it was still high at T4 without shower (P < .001). Conclusions: The present data show that a 10-min cold shower enables the stabilization of bioimpedance analysis measurements within 20 min after exercise, which might facilitate the assessment of hydration change after exercise.
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Inconsistencies in methodological procedures for BIA may have impacted the final outcomes for each study.
“inconsistencies in methodological procedures (e.g., the standardization of food and beverage intake before the assessment, electrode placement, skin cleansing) may have impacted the final outcomes for each study [108].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [108]
The Introduction and Discussion (pages unavailable) explain that skin temperature, blood flow, and electrolytes on the skin can affect BIA readings; the study also found that a standardized cold shower changed how quickly readings stabilized. This supports the general concern that assessment conditions may affect outcomes, but the paper does not establish effects of differences in food or beverage intake, electrode placement, or skin cleansing across the studies cited. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cites
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Self-citationBioimpedance Vector Analysis of Elite, Subelite, and Low-Level Male Volleyball Players
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Campa, F., Toselli, S., Mazzilli, M., Gobbo, L. A., & Coratella, G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051620 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
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“Therefore, inconsistencies in methodological procedures (e.g., the standardization of food and beverage intake before the assessment, electrode placement, skin cleansing) may have impacted the final outcomes for each study [108].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSomatotype and Bioimpedance Vector Analysis: A New Target Zone for Male Athletes
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“After cleaning the skin with isopropyl alcohol, two adhesive electrodes (Biatrodes Akern Srl, Fire-nze, Italy) were applied on the surface of the right hand and two on the right foot, according to the guidelines for athletes [17, 35].”
MethodSelf-citation
- Authors
- Campa, F., Gatterer, H., Lukaski, H., & Toselli, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Eurac Research (IT)
- University of North Dakota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gatterer, Hannes
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2019-08-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1006-1009
- ISSN
- 1555-0265 (ISSN-L)
- 1555-0273
- OpenAlex
- W2911688260
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- bioelectrical impedance analysis, body hydration, cold showers, running, skin temperature, vector length, reactance, athletes
- MeSH terms
- Organism Hydration Status, Adult, Baths, Cold Temperature, Humans, Male, Running, Skin Temperature, Electric Impedance, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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