Somatotype and Bioimpedance Vector Analysis: A New Target Zone for Male Athletes
Open accessAbstract
Background: Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a body composition assessment method based on the interpretation of the raw bioimpedance parameters. While it was initially proposed in clinical settings, its use in the sports field has grown considerably. The aim of this study was: (i) to explore the role of somatotype on BIVA patterns and (ii) to propose a new target zone to improve BIVA analysis in ball games athletes. Methods: One hundred and sixty-four male volleyball, soccer, and rugby players (age 26.2 ± 4.4 yrs; body mass index (BMI) 25.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) were included in this study. Somatotype and BIVA were measured from anthropometric and bioelectrical data, respectively. Results: Forty-six athletes were classified with an endomorphic mesomorphic somatotype, 26 showed a balanced mesomorphy, 55 were ectomorphic mesomorph, 10 resulted as mesomorph ectomorphs, 13 with a mesomorphic ectomorph somatotype, and in 14 athletes a balanced ectomorphy was assessed. The results of the Hotelling’s T2 test showed significant differences in BIVA patterns for the endomorphic mesomorph group (p < 0.001) in comparison with all the other groups, while mesomorphic balanced athletes presented a more inclined vector compared to the athletes with a balanced ectomorphy (p < 0.003). In addition, the endomorphic mesomorph group showed a greater BMI (p < 0.001) with respect to the athletes grouped in the other somatotype categories. Discriminant analysis revealed two significant functions (p < 0.001). The first discriminant function primarily represented differences based on the bioelectrical standardized resistance parameter (R/H) measure, while the second function reflected differences based on the bioelectrical standardized reactance parameter (Xc/H). Conclusions: Athletes presenting a higher endomorphic component have a lower vector, whereas those with a larger mesomorphic component display higher vector inclinations on the R-Xc graph. We propose a new target zone to improve the interpretation of BIVA analysis in athletes engaged in team sports.
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Soccer players present different bioelectrical characteristics compared to other athletes.
“As result of these peculiarities, recent studies [24, 27] have shown that soccer players present different bioelectrical characteristics compared to other athletes [28] and this could make it necessary to develop dedicated predictive equations.”
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- Authors
- Campa, F., Silva, A. M., Talluri, J., Matias, C. N., Badicu, G., & Toselli, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Akern Ltd., 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, University Transilvania of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania
- Corresponding author
- Campa, Francesco
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-26
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4365
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3032252154
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, somatotype, body composition, male athletes, ball games, volleyball, soccer, rugby, body mass index, team sports
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