Physical activity, leisure-time screen use and depression among children and young adolescents
Abstract
Objectives Adolescent mental disorders remain a relatively neglected area of research, despite evidence that these conditions affect youth disproportionately. We examined associations between physical activity, leisure-time screen use and depressive symptoms among Australian children and adolescents.Design Large cross-sectional observational study.Methods Self-reported physical activity and leisure-time screen behaviours, and depressive symptoms using the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire were assessed in 8256 students aged 10-16 years (mean age=11.5 years, SD=0.8).Results Thirty three percent of the sample reported moderate to high depressive symptoms, with rates higher among females (OR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.36; p=0.001). Increased opportunities to be active at school outside class (OR=0.70; 0.58, 0.85; p<0.001), being active in physical education classes (OR=0.77; 0.69, 0.86; p<0.001), greater involvement in sports teams at school (OR=0.77; 0.67, 0.88; p<0.001) and outside of school (OR=0.84; 0.73, 0.96; p=0.01) were all independently associated with lower odds for depressive symptoms. Meeting recommended guidelines for physical activity (OR=0.62; 0.44, 0.88; p=0.007) and, for 12-14 year olds, leisure-time screen use (OR=0.77; 0.59, 0.99; p=0.04) were also independently associated with lower odds for depressive symptoms.Conclusions Higher levels of physical activity among children and young adolescents, and lower levels of leisure-time screen use among young adolescents, are associated with lower depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the causal relationships between these variables.
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The first two Global Matrices revealed gaps in surveillance and research practice.
“The first 2 Global Matrices enabled the identification of several gaps in surveillance and research practice.”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The first two Global Matrices highlighted a paradox: poorer-infrastructure countries had higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior, while better-infrastructure countries had lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior.
“Also, a paradox of higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure was highlighted.16,19”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The Global Matrix of Report Card grades was first launched in 2014 to better understand international differences in child and youth physical activity and its correlates.
“To achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and its correlates, the Global Matrix of Report Card grades on physical activity was launched for the first time in 2014.16”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
Global Matrix 1.0 in 2014 involved 15 countries and Global Matrix 2.0 in 2016 involved 38 countries, each producing Report Cards for 9 physical activity indicators.
“Fifteen countries in 2014 (Global Matrix 1.0) and 38 countries in 2016 (Global Matrix 2.0) developed and launched Report Cards presenting grades for 9 physical activity indicators, allowing for international comparisons and offering insights from global data.16,19”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
This finding agrees with earlier Global Matrices and recent global estimates.
“This finding is consistent with the results from the previous Global Matrices 16,19 and recent global estimates.11”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The low Active Play grades matched previous Global Matrices findings.
“The low grades that were reported for this indicator aligned with the previous Global Matrices findings.16,19”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The number of INC grades and the letter grades for Family and Peers match those in previous Global Matrices.
“This amount of”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The Community and Environment findings were consistent with earlier Global Matrices and support the importance of income and gender equity for physical activity and population health.
“These findings aligned with the results of the previous Global Matrices 16,19 and reinforce the importance of income and gender equity for the physical activity and overall population health.”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The accumulation of as little as 2 h of screen-time per day can be associated with depressive or anxiety disorder symptoms in youth.
“However, the accumulation of as little as 2 h of screen-time per day can be associated with depressive or anxiety (emotional) disorder symptoms in youth (Kremer et al., 2014; Hoare et al., 2016; Katon et al., 2010)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Kremer et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Kremer, P., Elshaug, C., Leslie, E., Toumbourou, J. W., Patton, G. C., & Williams, J.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kremer, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183-187
- ISSN
- 1440-2440 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066274908
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of science and medicine in sport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- physical activity, depressive symptoms, depression, children, adolescents, school-based physical activity, physical education, sports participation, screen time, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Australia, Child, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sports, Television, Time Factors, Video Games
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