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Passion in Referees: Examining Their Affective and Cognitive Experiences in Sport Situations
Abstract
The present research examined in two studies the role of passion for refereeing in referees' affective and cognitive functioning during games. In line with past research on the dualistic model of passion (Vallerand et al., 2003), Study 1 (n1 = 90 and n2 = 148) revealed that harmonious passion (HP) for refereeing was positively associated with positive emotions and the experience of flow during games. Conversely, obsessive passion (OP) for refereeing was unrelated to positive emotions and flow, but was positively associated with negative emotional experiences during games. Study 2 (n = 227) examined referees' affective and cognitive functioning after having committed an important mistake. Results showed that HP was negatively associated with maladaptive affective and cognitive functioning after a bad call, whereas OP was positively associated with such maladaptive functioning, including subsequent poor decision making. In addition, in both studies, most referees reported to be passionate toward refereeing. Finally, results from both studies remained the same after controlling for referees' gender, age, years of experience, and types of sports.
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“These include higher positive affect, vitality, cognitive-emotional engagement, integrated forms of motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, identified regulation), learning goals, flow, deliberate practice and performance”
From The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review of a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Philippe et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Philippe, F. L., Vallerand, R. J., Andrianarisoa, J., & Brunel, P.
- Affiliations
- 1McGill University
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Université de Limoges (FR)
- ORCID
- Vallerand, Robert J.
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 77-96
- ISSN
- 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2904
- OpenAlex
- W1500381339
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 11.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- harmonious passion, obsessive passion, dualistic model of passion, flow, positive emotions, negative emotions, decision-making, emotional functioning, cognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Cognition, Decision Making, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, France, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Soccer, Stress, Psychological
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