Habit Strength of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among Children and Adolescents
Abstract
Internal reliability, convergent validity, and construct validity of the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) were examined with respect to physical activity (Study 1) and sedentary behavior (Study 2) among children and adolescents. Internal reliabilities of the SRHI proved to be high in both studies. The SRHI correlated significantly with behavioral frequency measures, as well as with known cognitive associates of these behaviors. Moreover, theory-based moderating influences of habit on the attitude–intention and intention–behavior relationships were identified. The study provides early evidence to support the concept of habit as being important in dealing with physical activity in children.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Habit strength has also been shown to be predictive of physical activity in adults and children.
“Habit strength has also been shown to be predictive of physical activity in adults (Chatzisarantis & Hagger, 2007;Verplanken B & Melkevik O, 2008) and children (Kremers & Brug, 2008).”
From How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world (2010) · cites this paper as Kremers & Brug, 2008
The SRHI has been found to conform to theoretical predictions by correlating with behavioural frequency, and moderating the intention-behaviour relation.
“The measure has been found to conform to theoretical predictions by correlating with behavioural frequency, and moderating the intention-behaviour relation [29,30].”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
Such studies have shown habit to interact with intentions in determining behaviour, such that the intention-behaviour relationship is diminished as habit strength increases.
“Additionally, such studies have shown habit to interact with intentions in determining behaviour, such that the intentionbehaviour relationship is diminished as habit strength increases [29][30][31].”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
Applications of the SRHI have shown dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours to have a habitual component for many people, with habit predicting behaviour over and above reasoned concepts such as intentions, behavioural control, attitudes, and social norms.
“Applications of the SRHI have shown dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours to have a habitual component for many people, with habit predicting behaviour over and above reasoned concepts such as intentions, behavioural control, attitudes, and social norms [29][30][31][32].”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
Kremers and Brug reported a significant interaction between screen-viewing habits and intentions.
“Kremers and Brug ([30] study 2) reported a significant interaction between screen-viewing habits and intentions.”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours (2011) · cites this paper as [30]
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,644 · see citing works
Chaiken, S. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.39.5.752 · Cited by 5,516 · see citing works
Planning health promotion programs an intervention mapping approach
Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., Kok, G., & Gottlieb, N. (2006) · Cited by 2,038 · see citing works
Reflections on Past Behavior: A Self‐Report Index of Habit Strength <sup>1</sup>
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x · Cited by 2,030 · see citing works
The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activityA systematic review1 and 2
KAHN, E., RAMSEY, L., BROWNSON, R., HEATH, G., HOWZE, E., POWELL, K., STONE, E., RAJAB, M., & CORSO, P. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00434-8 · Cited by 2,022 · see citing works
Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior.
Triandis, H. C. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works
The heuristic model of persuasion.
Chaiken, S. (1987) · Cited by 1,264 · see citing works
Interventions to Break and Create Consumer Habits
Verplanken, B., & Wood, W. (2006) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.25.1.90 · Cited by 1,221 · see citing works
Sallis, J. F., Bauman, A. E., & Pratt, M. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00076-2 · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
Verplanken, B., & Aarts, H. (1999) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792779943000035 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Faucette, N., & Hovell, M. F. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.8.1328 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Measurement Issues in the Assessment of Physical Activity in Children
Welk, G. J., Corbin, C. B., & Dale, D. (2000) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.11082788 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Booth, S. L., Sallis, J. F., Ritenbaugh, C., Hill, J. O., Birch, L. L., Frank, L. D., Glanz, K., Himmelgreen, D., Mudd, M., Popkin, B. M., et al. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06983.x · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity
Spence, J. C., & Lee, R. E. (2002) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(02)00014-6 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Habit versus planned behaviour: A field experiment
Verplanken, B., Aarts, H., van Knippenberg, A., & Moonen, A. J. H. (1998) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01160.x · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: A dual-process view
Kremers, S. P., de Bruijn, G.-J., Visscher, T. L., van Mechelen, W., de Vries, N. K., & Brug, J. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-9 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Self-citationBrug, J., Oenema, A., & Ferreira, I. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-2-2 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Self-citationSallis, J. F., Strikmiller, P. K., Harsha, D. W., Feldman, H. A., Ehlinger, S., Stone, E. J., Williston, J. M., & Woods, S. E. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199607000-00011 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Physical exercise habit: on the conceptualization and formation of habitual health behaviours
Aarts, H., Paulussen, T., & Schaalma, H. (1997) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/12.3.363 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Self‐Report Measures of Children's Physical Activity
Sallis, J. F. (1991) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1991.tb06017.x · Cited by 386 · see citing works
School Physical Education: Effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health
McKenzie, T. L., Nader, P. R., Strikmiller, P. K., Yang, M., Stone, E. J., Perry, C. L., Taylor, W. C., Epping, J. N., Feldman, H. A., Luepker, R. V., et al. (1996) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0074 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Mediator of Moderators: Temporal Stability of Intention and the Intention-Behavior Relation
Sheeran, P., & Abraham, C. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202239046 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Utter, J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Jeffery, R., & Story, M. (2003) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(03)01079-4 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Kremers, S. P. J., van der Horst, K., & Brug, J. (2007) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.002 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationJurg, M. E., Kremers, S., Candel, M. J. J. M., van der Wal, M. F., & de Meij, J. S. B. (2006) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dal032 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMummery, W. K., Spence, J. C., & Hudec, J. C. (2000) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.10608889 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Singh, A. S., Paw, M. J. C. A., Kremers, S., Visscher, T. L. S., Brug, J., & van Mechelen, W. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-304 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationTrafimow, D. (2000) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008402000 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Physical activity questionnaire for adolescents validated against doubly labelled water
Arvidsson, D., Slinde, F., & Hulthén, L. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602084 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cognitive Determinants of Energy Balance-Related Behaviours
Kremers, S., Visscher, T. L. S., Seidell, J. C., van Mechelen, W., & Brug, J. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535110-00001 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale for Clinical Research: A Systematic Approach
Hay, J., & Cairney, J. (2006) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.18.2.193 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Validation of the Digiwalker™ Pedometer for Measuring Physical Activity in Young Children
McKee, D., Boreham, C. A., MURPHY, M. H., & Nevill, A. M. (2005) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.17.4.345 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Obesity, Physical Activity, Computer Use, and TV Viewing in Portuguese Adolescents
Mota, J. A. P. S., Ribeiro, J. C., Santos, M. P., & Gomes, H. (2006) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.18.1.113 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Determinants of Physical Activity in Children
Taylor, W. C., & Sallis, J. F. (1997) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000059628 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Be Physically Active Each Day. How Can We Know?
Troiano, R. P., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., & Macera, C. A. (2001) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.2.451s · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Comparison of Two Accelerometers for Assessment of Physical Activity in Preschool Children
Kelly, L. A., Reilly, J. J., Fairweather, S. C., Barrie, S., Grant, S., & Paton, J. Y. (2004) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.16.4.324 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kremers, S., Visscher, T. L. S., Brug, J., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Schouten, E. G., Schuit, A. J., Seidell, J. C., van Mechelen, W., van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H. C. G., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602100 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive representation of mundane social events.
Trafimow, D., & Wyer, R. S. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.365 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of a Three-Year Intervention on Children’s Physical Activity from Age 4 to 7
Sääkslahti, A., Numminen, P., Salo, P., Tuominen, J., Helenius, H. Y. M., & Välimäki, I. A. T. (2004) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.16.2.167 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Spink, K. S., Shields, C., Chad, K. E., et al. (2006) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.18.2.203 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Preliminary evaluation of a video questionnaire to assess activity levels of children
TREMBLAY, M. S., INMAN, J. W., & Willms, J. D. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200112000-00025 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world
Lally, P., van Jaarsveld, C. H. M., Potts, H. W. W., & Wardle, J. (2010) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.674 · Cited by 2,036 · see citing works
Gardner, B. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.876238 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
Gardner, B., de Bruijn, G.-J., & Lally, P. (2011) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9282-0 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
de Bruijn, G.-J., Kremers, S. P. J., Singh, A., van den Putte, B., & van Mechelen, W. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.10.019 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationde Bruijn, G.-J. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.08.007 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
McGowan, L., Cooke, L. J., Gardner, B., Beeken, R. J., Croker, H., & Wardle, J. (2013) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.052159 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Brug, J., Kremers, S. P., Lenthe, F. V., Ball, K., & Crawford, D. (2008) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665108008616 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationBeeken, R. J., Croker, H., Morris, S., Leurent, B., Omar, R., Nazareth, I., & Wardle, J. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-667 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kremers, S. P. J., & Brug, J.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Pediatric Exercise Science
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-17
- ISSN
- 0899-8493 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2920
- OpenAlex
- W2117230604
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pediatric Exercise Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- habit strength, physical activity, sedentary behavior, children, adolescents, Self-Report Habit Index, internal consistency, convergent validity, construct validity, intention-behavior relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Attitude to Health, Child, Female, Habits, Health Surveys, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Motor Activity, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
