The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Direct 4D printing via active composite materials
Open accessAbstract
We describe an approach to print composite polymers in high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) architectures that can be rapidly transformed to a new permanent configuration directly by heating. The permanent shape of a component results from the programmed time evolution of the printed shape upon heating via the design of the architecture and process parameters of a composite consisting of a glassy shape memory polymer and an elastomer that is programmed with a built-in compressive strain during photopolymerization. Upon heating, the shape memory polymer softens, releases the constraint on the strained elastomer, and allows the object to transform into a new permanent shape, which can then be reprogrammed into multiple subsequent shapes. Our key advance, the markedly simplified creation of high-resolution complex 3D reprogrammable structures, promises to enable myriad applications across domains, including medical technology, aerospace, and consumer products, and even suggests a new paradigm in product design, where components are simultaneously designed to inhabit multiple configurations during service.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The thermoviscoelastic approach has been applied to soft robotics and actuators, e.g., focusing on direct 4D printing [211], single-material structures [215],and composite structures [208,252].”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [211]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To generate the internal stress, Ding et al. [211] imparted an eigenstrain during the printing process (the so-called 'printing strain') in SMP/elastomer bilayer structures and named the approach 'direct 4D printing'.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [211]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Such an approach allows one to print simple geometries (e.g., two-dimensional flat sheets), thereby reducing the quantity of support material during printing that can transform to a complex geometry (e.g., a three-dimensional object) without the need of post-printing SMP programming.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [211]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The combination of 3D printing and the on-demand autonomous shape-shifting offers unique advantages beyond other 4D printing systems 26-28 .”
From Shape memory polymer with programmable recovery onset (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sydney Gladman, A., Matsumoto, E. A., Nuzzo, R. G., Mahadevan, L., & Lewis, J. A. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4544 · Cited by 3,027
An integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots
Wehner, M. F., Truby, R. L., Fitzgerald, D. J., Mosadegh, B., Whitesides, G. M., Lewis, J. A., & Wood, R. J. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19100 · Cited by 2,139
Behl, M., & Lendlein, A. (2007) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70047-0 · Cited by 1,965
Zhao, Q., Qi, H. J., & Xie, T. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001 · Cited by 1,409
Self-citationTunable polymer multi-shape memory effect
Xie, T. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08863 · Cited by 1,380
Multimaterial 4D Printing with Tailorable Shape Memory Polymers
Ge, Q., Sakhaei, A. H., Lee, H., Dunn, C. K., Fang, N. X., & Dunn, M. L. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31110 · Cited by 1,160
Self-citation3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers for Flexible Electronic Devices
Zarek, M., Layani, M., Cooperstein, I., Sachyani, E., Cohn, D., & Magdassi, S. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201503132 · Cited by 903
3D Printing of Highly Stretchable and Tough Hydrogels into Complex, Cellularized Structures
Hong, S., Sycks, D. G., Chan, H. F., Lin, S., López, G. P., Guilak, F., Leong, K. W., & Zhao, X. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201501099 · Cited by 890
Active materials by four-dimension printing
Ge, Q., Qi, H. J., & Dunn, M. L. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4819837 · Cited by 785
Self-citationHuang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70128-0 · Cited by 747
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 692
Kumar, S., Malviya, R., Sridhar, S. B., Shareef, J., & Wadhwa, T. (2025) · Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices · doi:10.1016/j.medntd.2025.100369 · Cited by 8
A Review on 4D Tissue Bioprinting: New Dawn for Tissue Engineering
Bose, M., Narang, S., Maurya, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2025) · Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40883-025-00469-y · Cited by 8
Varadharajan, S., Vasanthan, K. S., & Agarwal, P. (2023) · 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1089/3dp.2022.0376 · Cited by 8
Dynamic, Viscoelasticity-Driven Shape Change of Elastomer Bilayers
Shu, W., Kaplan, C. N., & Barone, J. R. (2024) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.3c02898 · Cited by 7
Modelling Constrained Recovery of UV-Curable Shape Memory Polymer toward 4D Printing
Zhang, H., Zhang, R., & Yuan, C. (2024) · Chem & Bio Engineering · doi:10.1021/cbe.4c00020 · Cited by 9
Self-citationKumar, R., Singh, S., Sushant, S., Babbar, A., Sharma, S. K., Singh, G., Goel, P., & Ranjan, N. (2024) · International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) · doi:10.1007/s12008-024-01830-1 · Cited by 9
Evolution and emerging trends of 4D printing: a bibliometric analysis
Zhang, W., Ge, Z., & Li, D. (2022) · Manufacturing Review · doi:10.1051/mfreview/2022028 · Cited by 8
Phase field topology optimisation for 4D printing
Garcke, H., Lam, K. F., Nürnberg, R., & Signori, A. (2023) · ESAIM Control Optimisation and Calculus of Variations · doi:10.1051/cocv/2023012 · Cited by 8
Bioinspired porous magnetoresponsive soft actuators with programmable 3D curved shapes
Zhu, H., Ye, X., Tian, Y., Ge, Y., Huang, H., Lim, Z. H., Gao, M. X., Liu, B. J., Zhao, Y., Zhou, K., et al. (2024) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0231351 · Cited by 7
Inverse design of face-like 3D surfaces via bi-material 4D printing and shape morphing
Chiu, Y.-H., Huang, Y., Chen, M.-C., Xu, Y.-X., Yen, Y.-C., & Juang, J. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2025.2507099 · Cited by 7
Progressive transpose from 3D to 4D printed materials for drug delivery and biomedical applications
Sharma, M., Sah, S. K., Roy, S., & Kaity, S. (2025) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106455 · Cited by 8
4D printing of natural fiber composite
Duigou, A. L., & Correa, D. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824082-3.00028-3 · Cited by 8
Direct-print thermally responsive 4D textiles by depositing PLA on prestretched fabrics
Zhang, J., Shen, D., Yu, Y., Bao, D., Li, C., & Qin, J. (2023) · Rapid Prototyping Journal · doi:10.1108/rpj-04-2023-0125 · Cited by 7
4D-Printed micro-tentacles exhibiting wide-spectrum deformability
Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, J., Guo, H., Qiu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, L., & Yu, H. (2024) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2024.104122 · Cited by 7
Programmable ceramic 4D printing via multi-material vat photopolymerization
Zhao, P., Hu, K., Wang, Q., & Lu, Z. (2024) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2024.104235 · Cited by 7
Novel constitutive models, challenges and opportunities of shape memory polymer composites
Uyan, M., & Çeliktaş, M. S. (2024) · Emerging Materials Research · doi:10.1680/jemmr.23.00116 · Cited by 7
AI-Driven Data Analysis of Quantifying Environmental Impact and Efficiency of Shape Memory Polymers
Olawumi, M. A., Oladapo, B. I., Olugbade, T. O., Omigbodun, F. T., & Olawade, D. B. (2024) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics9080490 · Cited by 8
Sharp Fano Resonance and Spectral Collapse in Stimuli‐Responsive Photonic Structures
An, S., Lee, E., Lee, C., Jeong, H. Y., Kwon, T., Lee, J., & Jun, Y. C. (2019) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.201801206 · Cited by 7
Material Extrusion Based Ceramic Additive Manufacturing
Li, W., & Leu, M. C. (2020) · ASM International eBooks · doi:10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006562 · Cited by 7
Mehrpouya, M., & Huang, W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824082-3.00002-7 · Cited by 8
Rolling of 3D Printed Dual‐Layer Beam into a Cylinder by Ethanol Absorption
Choi, W., Kim, T., & Lee, Y. (2018) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.201700675 · Cited by 7
Polymeric hydrogels for bioprinting: A comprehensive review
Qureshi, M. A., Basree, Aziz, R., Azim, Y., & Ahmad, M. (2025) · Annals of 3D Printed Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100198 · Cited by 6
Bakhshi, A., Bakhshi, M., Zandsalimi, K., Hosseine, M., Shirazi, M. R. D., & Naghib, S. M. (2025) · Materials Science and Engineering R Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2025.101149 · Cited by 6
A comprehensive review to find capabilities of 4D printing in implantable medical devices
Sharma, A., Vishwakarma, P. N., Gupta, S., Dixit, S., & Kumar, S. R. (2024) · Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik · doi:10.1002/mawe.202300231 · Cited by 6
Microrobots Based on Smart Materials with Their Manufacturing Methods and Applications
Sun, J., Cai, S., Yang, W., Leng, H., Ge, Z., & Liu, T. (2024) · Inventions · doi:10.3390/inventions9030067 · Cited by 6
de Oliveira, I. M., McClellan, S., Rauch, C. B., Adriaenssens, S., & Greenberg, J. (2024) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105627 · Cited by 6
4D Printing: Research Focuses and Prospects
Jin, Y., & Liu, J. (2024) · Designs · doi:10.3390/designs8060106 · Cited by 7
Fractal-inspired soft deployable structure: a theoretical study
Xiong, Z., Xiao, H., & Chen, X. (2021) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/d1sm00006c · Cited by 6
3D printing of functional polymers for miniature machines
Xia, N., Jin, D., Iacovacci, V., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Multifunctional Materials · doi:10.1088/2399-7532/ac4836 · Cited by 6
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Control of a Small-Scale Magnetoactive Soft Robot
Moezi, S. A., Sedaghati, R., & Rakheja, S. (2022) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2022-0164 · Cited by 6
Smart Diffraction Gratings Based on the Shape Memory Effect
Sun, X., Zhang, Z., Sun, Z., Zheng, J., Liu, X., & Xia, H. (2022) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.202100863 · Cited by 6
A Bidirectional Soft Diode for Artificial Systems
Davletshin, A. R., Underwood, T. C., & Song, W. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202200658 · Cited by 6
Rajput, S., Malviya, R., Sridhar, S. B., Wadhwa, T., & Shareef, J. (2025) · Additive Manufacturing Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.amf.2025.200284 · Cited by 6
Roshith, P. (2026) · Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00084433.2026.2635285 · Cited by 7
Lu, H.-X., Tong, J.-Z., & Shen, J. (2026) · International Journal of Solids and Structures · doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.114013 · Cited by 5
Emerging Advances in 3-D & 4-D Printing of Polymeric Nanoarchitectures & Multifacet Applications
Idumah, C. I., Okoye, I. E., & Ikebudu, C. J. (2025) · Recent Progress in Materials · doi:10.21926/rpm.2501005 · Cited by 6
Kumar, P., Dwivedy, S. K., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Materials Science and Engineering B · doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118205 · Cited by 5
Ren, S., Han, Z., Xiong, Y., Wei, H., Xiao, J., Wen, L., Lei, M., & Hou, X. (2025) · Mechanics of Materials · doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2025.105345 · Cited by 5
Morphable 3D architectures enabled by shear-guided approach
Li, K., Liu, Z., Hu, X., Xu, Z., Zhou, Y., Chen, L., Huang, Y. Y., Bo, R., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2025.03.004 · Cited by 6
4D-printable photocurable pressure sensitive adhesives derived from waste cooking oil
Wang, P., Liu, M., Sun, J.-H., Li, Y., Tang, C.-Y., Yang, Y., & Chen, S. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2025.2499490 · Cited by 5
He, Y., Ren, L., Liu, Q., Xu, J., Wang, B., Song, Z., Xu, C., Zhou, X., & Li, B. (2025) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202500078 · Cited by 5
Enferadi, A., Baniassadi, M., & Baghani, M. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Mechanics · doi:10.1142/s1758825124410035 · Cited by 5
4D-printed shape-programmable [H+]-responsive needles for determination of urea
Su, Y.-T., Chiu, H.-C., & Su, C. (2024) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126998 · Cited by 5
Actuation simplification for grippers based on bioinspired spring origami
Arrieta, A. F. F., Rojas, S., & Boston, D. M. (2019) · SPIE Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication · doi:10.1117/12.2514389 · Cited by 5
Photo-induced spatiotemporal bending of shape memory polymer beams
Wu, B., Liu, T., Chen, Y., & Jin, L. (2022) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ac9d75 · Cited by 5
Shape memory polymer-based prefabricated components: Design ideas and prospects
Zhang, W., & Li, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2023.1095384 · Cited by 5
Introduction to 4D Printing: Concepts and Material Systems
Kuang, X., Yue, L., & Qi, H. J. (2023) · Additive manufacturing technology · doi:10.1002/9783527833931.ch1 · Cited by 6
Self-citationParente, L., Addessi, D., Re, P. D., Gatta, C., & Sacco, E. (2025) · Mechanics Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mechrescom.2025.104450 · Cited by 4
Acoustic shape-morphing micromachines
Su, X., Wang, L., Wang, Z., Yang, L., Li, M., Zhu, D., Li, Z., Yuan, W., Chang, H., & Wang, B. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68856-9 · Cited by 4
4D Printing—A Smart Way of 3D Printing: A Brief Review
John, P., Komma, V. R., & Bhore, S. P. (2022) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4140-5_3 · Cited by 4
Cao, W., Li, L., Xing, W., Lei, S., Wang, Y., Guo, J., & Wang, Y. (2025) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.5c00168 · Cited by 4
3D printed actuators: reversibility, relaxation and ratcheting
Zhao, S., Maas, M., Jansen, K. M. B., & Hecke, M. L. V. (2019) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University) · Cited by 4
New Industrial Sustainable Growth: 3D and 4D Printing
Aggarwal, S., & Hakovirta, M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104728 · Cited by 4
Deposition Patterns Induced by the Evaporation of the Cyclic Diblock Copolymer Solution Droplet
Zhang, J., Pei, H., & Sun, Z. (2024) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01990 · Cited by 4
Singh, R. P., Sharma, A., Selim, A., Kundu, P. P., & Jayamurugan, G. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137725 · Cited by 4
Suryavanshi, P., Lekurwale, S., Kumar, P., Dwivedy, S. K., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Rapid Prototyping Journal · doi:10.1108/rpj-07-2024-0295 · Cited by 4
Wang, T. X., Ma, H. J., Ang, X. Y., Yin, C., Chen, H. M., Li, B., Ali, M. S. M., Shen, X. Q., Ding, Z., & Huang, W. M. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2025.2487287 · Cited by 4
Self-citationWang, Y., Liang, W., Cai, W., Zhang, J., Guo, W., Qi, B., Zhang, H., Lu, H., & Ding, Z. (2025) · Engineering Structures · doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120459 · Cited by 4
Self-citationFrom Sketches and Installations to Bioinspired 5D Printing Models
Titotto, S. (2021) · Advances in civil and industrial engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7091-3.ch017 · Cited by 4
A brief review on mechanical designs for 4D printing
Wang, L., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Z., Song, W., & Fang, D. (2022) · Smart Manufacturing · doi:10.1142/s2737549822300012 · Cited by 4
Physical Logic Bombs in 3D Printers via Emerging 4D Techniques
Le, T. D., Etigowni, S., Liang, S., Peng, X., Qi, H. J., Javanmard, M., Zonouz, S., & Beyah, R. (2021) · Annual Computer Security Applications Conference · doi:10.1145/3485832.3485880 · Cited by 4
Self-citationNezhad, I. S., Golzar, M., Behravesh, A. H., & Zare, S. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-791407/v1 · Cited by 4
Chapuis, J. N., Teufen, G., & Shea, K. (2025) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/adeee4 · Cited by 3
Seo, J. H., Hwang, J. H., Lee, J. M., Joo, J., Byun, W., Chon, S. H., Noh, G.-Y., Lee, W., Chae, C., Park, S., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.168468 · Cited by 3
Kumar, P., Kumar, A., Dwivedy, S. K., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.112756 · Cited by 3
Salam, M. A. R. B. A., Ridoy, A. H., Haque, A. K. M. A., Rafique, M. S., Hossain, M. A., Forhad, M. S., Boebinger, M. G., Ahmed, F., Schwab, K. R., Ferdous, S. F., et al. (2025) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.114461 · Cited by 3
Nozzle size-encoded direct 4D printing with enhanced interfacial strength
Wang, F., Wang, Y., Li, J., Cao, X., & Yuan, C. (2025) · Composite Structures · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119997 · Cited by 3
Self-citationWang, Z., Zhou, H., Liao, R., Chen, X., Zhang, Q., Liu, J. Z., Zhang, W., & Shen, Y. (2026) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115886 · Cited by 5
Ma, Q., Ilyas, R. A., Saharudin, M. S., Rejab, M. R., Inam, F., Razali, N., Song, Y., Sun, B., & Rizal, M. A. M. (2026) · Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100229 · Cited by 3
Shape Programming of Porous Bilayer Hydrogel Structures
Wan, H., Chang, J., Ye, F., & Fan, Z. (2024) · Journal of Applied Mechanics · doi:10.1115/1.4065626 · Cited by 3
Mechanics guided design of programmable bilayer for aortic valve stent
Yang, M., Yuan, C., Guo, H., Jiang, X., & Wang, T. (2024) · Extreme Mechanics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.eml.2024.102229 · Cited by 4
Self-citation4D printing of direct-driven deformable wheel with multiple programmable configurations
Tian, H., Chu, G., Zhou, B., Zhou, D., Qiao, J., & Li, L. (2025) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/ada7ab · Cited by 3
Four-dimensional food printing: A revolutionary approach to next-generation foods
Tayel, A., & Hamad, A. M. A. (2025) · Food Science and Technology International · doi:10.1177/10820132251336084 · Cited by 3
Electro-Induced Shape Memory Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Structure
Lin, L., Sun, Z., & Xu, Y. W. (2021) · Polymer Science Series A · doi:10.1134/s0965545x21060079 · Cited by 3
Lee, K., Park, C. H., Labouriau, A., Lee, S. Y., & Zhao, J. (2022) · Materials Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126172 · Cited by 3
Mould free laminated composites using eccentric fibre prestressing
Jenkins, C., Donough, M. J., & Prusty, B. G. (2023) · Composite Structures · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117867 · Cited by 3
Li, H., Chen, Z., Yu, S., Jian, B., Yin, H., & Ge, Q. (2024) · Programmable Materials · doi:10.1017/pma.2024.4 · Cited by 3
Prototyping sutureless shape memory valve stent via integrated 3D printing
Yang, M., Yuan, C., Chen, X., Jiang, X., & Wang, T. (2024) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ad939f · Cited by 4
Self-citationDuan, H., Gu, J., Zeng, H., & Sun, H. (2025) · Applied Mathematical Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.apm.2025.116333 · Cited by 3
Biofabrication for 3D tissue test systems
Burg, K. J. L., Carter, M., & Burg, T. C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102663-2.00014-9 · Cited by 3
Pakvis, S., Scalet, G., Marconi, S., Auricchio, F., & Langelaar, M. (2021) · International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED PROBLEMS) · doi:10.23967/coupled.2021.035 · Cited by 3
Inter-cognitive Communication Model Using Additive Manufacturing Technology
Erdős, F. G., & Németh, R. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications · doi:10.1109/coginfocom.2018.8639912 · Cited by 3
Review of Design of Programmable Morphing Composite Structures by 4D Printing
Gao, Y., Zeng, S., Yixiong, F., Hao, Z., Qiu, H. N., & Jianrong, T. (2020) · Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3901/jme.2020.15.026 · Cited by 3
Trends and Opportunities of Rapid Prototyping Technologies
Păcurar, R. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.97962 · Cited by 3
4D printing electro-induced shape memory polymers
Mitkus, R., Cerbe, F., & Sinapius, M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95430-3.00002-6 · Cited by 3
Fundamental Concepts, Classification, and Materials Used for 3D, 4D, and 5D Printing
Parida, S. K. (2025) · Engineering materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4214-4_2 · Cited by 2
Reconfigurable Tan Delta in shape memory hybrids: a new approach for tunable damping
Wang, T. X., Law, J. W. N., Zhang, A. B., Kwek, Q. E. A., Ding, Z., & Huang, W. (2025) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138692 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLibrary-Based Design Space Exploration of 4D Printed Architected Active Composites
Walker, A., & Shea, K. (2025) · Journal of Mechanical Design · doi:10.1115/1.4069597 · Cited by 2
Multifunctional and Reprogrammable Magnetoactive Graphene Oxide Origami
Cai, J. H., Chen, Y., Seyedkanani, A., Shen, G., Cerruti, M., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202514597 · Cited by 3
Ma, K., Gupta, A., Srivastava, V., Guduru, P. R., & Bazilevs, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Solids and Structures · doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113911 · Cited by 2
Toward 4D printed functional soft tissues
Shabazz, A., Fitlin, J., Orozco-Contreras, H., Guo, S., Zhang, L. G., & Fisher, J. P. (2026) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2026.02.035 · Cited by 4
Mahjoubnia, A., Cai, D., Esfahany, S. N., Wu, Y., Zhao, W., Jayathilake, M., Zhang, H., Wan, C., Chen, S., & Lin, J. (2026) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2026.03.020 · Cited by 2
Tian, E., Ma, J., Zhu, Y., Wu, J., Qu, P., Wang, S., Guo, S., Zhang, G., Guo, A., Wu, J., et al. (2026) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.05.198 · Cited by 2
Li, J., Zhang, H., Peng, Y., Luan, Z., Guo, Y., Ning, Z., Geng, L., Zhao, W., & Zhao, W. D. (2026) · Composites Part B Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2026.114016 · Cited by 2
Soft Skins With Reversible Thickness Morphing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications
Ozioko, O., Akah, C. G., & Dahiya, R. (2026) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.74369 · Cited by 2
Thermomechanical Properties of Polyjet Voxel-Printed Parts and the Effect of Percolation
Ho, C., Bao, J., & Xu, J. (2023) · 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1089/3dp.2023.0126 · Cited by 2
Deng, F., Yao, S., & Luk, K. (2023) · IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters · doi:10.1109/lra.2023.3331287 · Cited by 2
Effects of energized treatment on electro trigger shape memory behavior
Lin, L., Fan, C., Zhang, H., & Sun, Z. (2024) · Advanced Composite Materials · doi:10.1080/09243046.2024.2313253 · Cited by 2
4D-printed composite actuators
Delbart, R., Roumy, L., Harcourt, M., Robert, C., Touchard, F., Truong-Hoang, T. Q., & Martínez-Hergueta, F. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15917-6.00005-0 · Cited by 2
How to teach 4D printing for metamaterials and soft robotics
Zolfagharian, A., Jarrah, H. R., & Bodaghi, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15917-6.00006-2 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Ding, Z., Yuan, C., Peng, X., Wang, T., Qi, H. J., & Dunn, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Structure Strength and Vibration (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ding, Zhen
- Yuan, Chao
- Qi, H. Jerry
- Dunn, Martin L.
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2017-04-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e1602890-e1602890
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5389747
- OpenAlex
- W2605898329
- Cited by
- 692
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 50.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (ID0EPUBG15881, 15RT0885)
- Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (ID0E21BG15882, 1462894, 1462895)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (ID0EKBAI15883)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- 4D printing, shape memory polymers, polymer composites, reconfigurable structures, photopolymerization, compressive strain, elastomers, thermal actuation, shape transformation, high-resolution 3D printing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
