Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect
Abstract
Shape memory polymers are materials that can memorize temporary shapes and revert to their permanent shape upon exposure to an external stimulus such as heat, light, moisture or magnetic field. Such properties have enabled a variety of applications including deployable space structures, biomedical devices, adaptive optical devices, smart dry adhesives and fasteners. The ultimate potential for a shape memory polymer, however, is limited by the number of temporary shapes it can memorize in each shape memory cycle and the ability to tune the shape memory transition temperature(s) for the targeted applications. Currently known shape memory polymers are capable of memorizing one or two temporary shapes, corresponding to dual- and triple-shape memory effects (also counting the permanent shape), respectively. At the molecular level, the maximum number of temporary shapes a shape memory polymer can memorize correlates directly to the number of discrete reversible phase transitions (shape memory transitions) in the polymer. Intuitively, one might deduce that multi-shape memory effects are achievable simply by introducing additional reversible phase transitions. The task of synthesizing a polymer with more than two distinctive and strongly bonded reversible phases, however, is extremely challenging. Tuning shape memory effects, on the other hand, is often achieved through tailoring the shape memory transition temperatures, which requires alteration in the material composition. Here I show that the perfluorosulphonic acid ionomer (PFSA), which has only one broad reversible phase transition, exhibits dual-, triple-, and at least quadruple-shape memory effects, all highly tunable without any change to the material composition.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The temperature-memory effect approach has been largely employed to achieve multiple-way SMPs with a broad glass transition or a broad melting transition as the switching transition.
“Such an approach has been largely employed to achieve multiple-way SMPs with a broad glass transition [82-92] and a broad melting transition [93-95] as the switching transition.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [83]
This autonomous multi-shape transformation is drastically different from existing examples that would otherwise require complex stimulation schemes (e.g. multi-step heating) that are difficult to implement for many applications.
“This autonomous multi-shape transformation is drastically different from existing examples that would otherwise require complexed stimulation schemes (e.g. multi-step heating 17,18 ) that are difficult to implement for many applications.”
From Shape memory polymer with programmable recovery onset (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
Kratz et al. demonstrated the temperature-memory effect of SMPs with crystalline phase switching transition, although stepwise SME was not studied.
“Kratz et al. [460] demonstrated the temperature-memory effect of SMPs with crystalline phase switching transition [461,462] although stepwise SME was not studied.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [461]
This triple-shape behavior has a key distinction with currently known triple-shape examples for which both temporary shapes are typically determined by the programming force(s).
“This triple-shape behavior has a key distinction with currently known triple-shape examples for which both temporary shapes are typically determined by the programming force(s)37,38.”
From On demand shape memory polymer via light regulated topological defects in a dynamic covalent network (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
The t-SME of Nafion displayed a dual-step programming process at any two sufficiently separated deformation temperatures above the onset of the Tg.
“The t-SME displayed dual-step programming process at any two sufficiently separated deformation temperatures above the onset of the Tg.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
t- and m-SMPs can be designed using one single broad thermal transition.
“Interestingly, t- and m-SMPs can be also designed using one single broad thermal transition.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Xie et al. reported the tunable SME of commercial perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers (PFSA).
“This second approach was first explored by Xie et al., who reported the tunable SME of a commercial perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers (PFSA) [76].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Nafion displays a broad Tg from approximately 55°C to 130°C.
“Nafion Ò is known to display a broad Tg from approximatively 55 ° C to 130 ° C.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Quadruple-SMP (q-SMP) was described with good recovery ratio but relatively low degree of fixation of the first two temporary shapes.
“Quadruple-SMP (q-SMP) was also described with good recovery ratio but with relatively low degree of fixation of the first two temporary shapes.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
SMPs are smart stimuli-responsive polymeric materials that can be programmed to a temporary shape and recover their permanent shape upon external stimuli such as temperature, light irradiation, solvents, electrical current, magnetic field, and electromagnetic field.
“Shape-memory polymers (SMPs)1−6 are smart stimuli-responsive polymeric materials, which can be programmed to a specific temporary shape and recover their memorized permanent shape upon the application of external stimuli such as temperature,7−9 light irradiation,10−12 solvents,13,14 electrical current,15,16 magnetic field,17 and electromagnetic field.18”
One-way triple-shape properties can be obtained by two-step programming of an SMP with two well-separated phase transition temperatures or a broad glass transition spanning, for example, 75 °C.
“Similarly, “one-way” triple-shape properties can be obtained by two-step programming of an SMP with two well-separated phase transition temperatures [55,56] or a broad glass transition, spanning, e.g., over a temperature region of 75 °C [57].”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [57]
Recovery stress can be adjusted through proper choice of deformation temperature.
“Moreover, the author indicated the adjustability of recovery stress just through the proper choice of deformation temperature and reported on the dual-, triple-and quadruple-SM properties of the polymer.”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [57]
Cites
State of Understanding of Nafion
Mauritz, K. A., & Moore, R. B. (2004) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr0207123 · Cited by 4,791 · see citing works
Biodegradable, Elastic Shape-Memory Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications
Lendlein, A., & Langer, R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1066102 · Cited by 2,146 · see citing works
Light-induced shape-memory polymers
Lendlein, A., Jiang, H., Jünger, O., & Langer, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03496 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Review of progress in shape-memory polymers
Liu, C., Qin, H., & Mather, P. T. (2007) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b615954k · Cited by 1,942 · see citing works
Koerner, H., Price, G., Pearce, N. A., Alexander, M., & Vaia, R. A. (2004) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1059 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Mohr, R., Kratz, K., Weigel, T., Lucka-Gabor, M., Moneke, M., & Lendlein, A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600079103 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Yakacki, C. M., Shandas, R., Lanning, C., Rech, B., Eckstein, A., & Gall, K. (2007) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.030 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Water-driven programmable polyurethane shape memory polymer: Demonstration and mechanism
Huang, W. M., Yang, B., An, L., Li, C., & Chan, Y. S. (2005) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1880448 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Facile tailoring of thermal transition temperatures of epoxy shape memory polymers
Xie, T., & Rousseau, I. A. (2009) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.035 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationPolymeric triple-shape materials
Bellin, I., Kelch, S., Langer, R., & Lendlein, A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608586103 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Shape and temperature memory of nanocomposites with broadened glass transition
Miaudet, P., Derré, A., Maugey, M., Zakri, C., Piccione, P. M., Inoubli, R., & Poulin, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1145593 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Strong, Tailored, Biocompatible Shape‐Memory Polymer Networks
Yakacki, C. M., Shandas, R., Safranski, D., Ortega, A. M., Sassaman, K., & Gall, K. (2008) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200701049 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Poly(ε-caprolactone) Polyurethane and Its Shape-Memory Property
Ping, P., Wang, W., Chen, X., & Jing, X. (2005) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm049477j · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Thermomechanics of the shape memory effect in polymers for biomedical applications
Gall, K., Yakacki, C. M., Liu, Y., Shandas, R., Willett, N., & Anseth, K. S. (2005) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30296 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Chemically Cross-Linked Polycyclooctene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Shape Memory Behavior
Liu, C., Chun, S. B., Mather, P. T., Zheng, L., Haley, E. H., & Coughlin, E. B. (2002) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma021141j · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Shape‐Memory Effects in Polymer Networks Containing Reversibly Associating Side‐Groups
Li, J., Viveros, J., Wrue, M. H., & Anthamatten, M. (2007) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200602260 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
A Biomimetic Modular Polymer with Tough and Adaptive Properties
Kushner, A. M., Vossler, J. D., Williams, G. A., & Guan, Z. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja9009666 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Revealing triple-shape memory effect by polymer bilayers
Xie, T., Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2009) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.200900409 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationShape memory polymers with built-in threshold temperature sensors
Kunzelman, J., Chung, T., Mather, P. T., & Weder, C. (2008) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b718445j · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Page, K. A., Cable, K. M., & Moore, R. B. (2005) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0503559 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
One‐Step Process for Creating Triple‐Shape Capability of AB Polymer Networks
Behl, M., Bellin, I., Kelch, S., Wagermaier, W., & Lendlein, A. (2009) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200800850 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Deng, Q., Wilkie, C. A., Moore, R. B., & Mauritz, K. A. (1998) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00055-x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Weiss, R. A., Izzo, E. L., & MANDELBAUM, S. (2008) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma8001774 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-Peeling Reversible Dry Adhesive System
Xie, T., & Xiao, X. (2008) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm800173c · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationInternal stress storage in shape memory polymer nanocomposites
Gall, K., Dunn, M. L., Liu, Y., Stefanic, G., & Balzar, D. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1769087 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Xie, T., & Hayden, C. A. (2007) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.043 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
New Insights into Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers
Kusoglu, A., & Weber, A. Z. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00159 · Cited by 2,432 · see citing works
Zhao, Q., Qi, H. J., & Xie, T. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001 · Cited by 1,409 · see citing works
Self-citationSoft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics
Hines, L., Petersen, K., Lum, G. Z., & Sitti, M. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201603483 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites
Meng, H., & Li, G. (2013) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.023 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Momeni, F., M.Mehdi Hassani.N, S., Liu, X., & Ni, J. (2017) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.068 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: a review
Sun, L., Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. C., Purnawali, H., & Tang, C. (2012) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Advances in 4D Printing: Materials and Applications
Kuang, X., Roach, D. J., Wu, J., Hamel, C. M., Ding, Z., Wang, T., Dunn, M. L., & Qi, H. J. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201805290 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70128-0 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Reprogrammable recovery and actuation behaviour of shape-memory polymers
Lendlein, A., & Gould, O. E. C. (2019) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0078-8 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Direct 4D Printing Via Active Composite Materials
Ding, Z., Yuan, C., Peng, X., Wang, T., Qi, H. J., & Dunn, M. L. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602890 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Light-triggered self-healing and shape-memory polymers
Habault, D., Zhang, H., & Zhao, Y. (2013) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c3cs35489j · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Shape memory polymer network with thermally distinct elasticity and plasticity
Zhao, Q., Zou, W., Luo, Y., & Xie, T. (2016) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501297 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Self-citation3D Printed Photoresponsive Devices Based on Shape Memory Composites
Yang, H., Leow, W. R., Wang, T., Wang, J., Yu, J., He, K., Qi, D., Wan, C., & Chen, X. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201701627 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Shape memory polymer with programmable recovery onset
Ni, C., Chen, D., Yin, Y., Wen, X., Chen, X., Yang, C., Chen, G., Sun, Z., Wen, J., Jiao, Y., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06520-8 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citationShape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world
Pilate, F., Toncheva, A., Dubois, P., & Raquez, J.-M. (2016) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.004 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Two-Way 4D Printing: A Review on the Reversibility of 3D-Printed Shape Memory Materials
Lee, A. Y., An, J., & Chua, C. K. (2017) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2017.05.014 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Bioinspired mechanically adaptive polymer nanocomposites with water-activated shape-memory effect
Mendez, J., Annamalai, P. K., Eichhorn, S. J., Rusli, R., Rowan, S. J., Foster, E. J., & Weder, C. (2011) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma201502k · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Reconfigurable photonic crystals enabled by pressure-responsive shape-memory polymers
Fang, Y., Ni, Y., Leo, S.-Y., Taylor, C., Basile, V., & Jiang, P. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8416 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
3D printed reversible shape changing soft actuators assisted by liquid crystal elastomers
Yuan, C., Roach, D. J., Dunn, C. K., Mu, Q., Kuang, X., Yakacki, C. M., Wang, T. J., Yu, K., & Qi, H. J. (2017) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c7sm00759k · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Various shape memory effects of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers
Meng, H., Mohamadian, H., Stubblefield, M., Jerro, D., Ibekwe, S., Pang, S.-S., & Li, G. (2013) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/22/9/093001 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Mechanisms of the multi-shape memory effect and temperature memory effect in shape memory polymers
Sun, L., & Huang, W. M. (2010) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c0sm00236d · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Zheng, N., Hou, J., Xu, Y., Fang, Z., Zou, W., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2017) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00037 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citation4D Printing: History and Recent Progress
Wu, J.-J., Huang, L.-M., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2018) · Chinese Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/s10118-018-2089-8 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationShapeshifting: Reversible shape memory in semicrystalline elastomers
Zhou, J., Turner, S. A., Brosnan, S. M., Li, Q., Carrillo, J.-M. Y., Nykypanchuk, D., Gang, O., Ashby, V. S., Dobrynin, A. V., & Sheiko, S. S. (2014) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma4023185 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Multiple and two-way reversible shape memory polymers: Design strategies and applications
Wang, K., Jia, Y.-G., Zhao, C., & Zhu, X. X. (2019) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100572 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview
Scalet, G. (2020) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act9010010 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Remote Controlled Multishape Polymer Nanocomposites with Selective Radiofrequency Actuations
He, Z., Satarkar, N., Xie, T., Cheng, Y., & Hilt, J. Z. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201100646 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationTriple-shape memory polymers based on self-complementary hydrogen bonding
Ware, T., Hearon, K., Lonnecker, A., Wooley, K. L., Maitland, D. J., & Voit, W. (2012) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma202098s · Cited by 192 · see citing works
A general approach towards thermoplastic multishape-memory polymers via sequence structure design
Luo, Y., Guo, Y., Gao, X., Li, B., & Xie, T. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201202884 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationPattern Transformation of Heat-Shrinkable Polymer by Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Technique
Zhang, Q., Yan, D., Zhang, K., & Hu, G. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08936 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Samuel, C., Barrau, S., Lefebvre, J.-M., Raquez, J.-M., & Dubois, P. (2014) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma500846x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-healable graphene polymer composites
Xiao, X., Xie, T., & Cheng, Y.-T. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c0jm00307g · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationStrain-Based Temperature Memory Effect for Nafion and Its Molecular Origins
Xie, T., Page, K. A., & Eastman, S. A. (2011) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201002579 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, L., Jin, C., & Sun, X. (2011) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm1012162 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Xia, H., & Zhao, Y. (2012) · J. Mater. Chem. · doi:10.1039/c1jm14615g · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Wei, M., Zhan, M., Yu, D., Xie, H., He, M., Yang, K., & Wang, Y. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am507575z · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Stretchable supramolecular hydrogels with triple shape memory effect
Le, X., Lu, W., Zheng, J., Tong, D., Zhao, N., Ma, C., Xiao, H., Zhang, J., Huang, Y., & Chen, T. (2016) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c6sc02354a · Cited by 152 · see citing works
On demand shape memory polymer via light regulated topological defects in a dynamic covalent network
Miao, W., Zou, W., Jin, B., Ni, C., Zheng, N., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18116-1 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis and characterization of PCL–PLLA polyurethane with shape memory behavior
Peponi, L., Navarro-Baena, I., Sonseca, A., Gimenez, E., Marcos-Fernandez, A., & Kenny, J. M. (2013) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.11.001 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Temperature‐Memory Polymer Networks with Crystallizable Controlling Units
Kratz, K., Madbouly, S. A., Wagermaier, W., & Lendlein, A. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201102225 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Light-triggered topological programmability in a dynamic covalent polymer network
Zou, W., Jin, B., Wu, Y., Song, H., Luo, Y., Huang, F., Qian, J., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz2362 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationReversible shape-shifting in polymeric materials
Zhou, J., & Sheiko, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.24014 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Niu, Y., Huang, C., Xiao, L., Chen, Z., Yang, K., & Wang, Y. (2012) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2py20028g · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers
Pretsch, T. (2010) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym2030120 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Wang, K., Jia, Y.-G., & Zhu, X. X. (2017) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01815 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Visible Light-Induced Plasticity of Shape Memory Polymers
Ji, S., Fan, F., Sun, C., Yu, Y., & Xu, H. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b11188 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Shape actuation via internal stress-induced crystallization of dual-cure networks
Meng, Y., Jiang, J., & Anthamatten, M. (2015) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/mz500773v · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Chen, S., Mo, F., Yang, Y., Stadler, F. J., Chen, S., Yang, H., & Ge, Z. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c4ta06304j · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Zotzmann, J., Behl, M., Feng, Y., & Lendlein, A. (2010) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201000478 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Li, J., Liu, T., Xia, S., Pan, Y., Zheng, Z., Ding, X., & Peng, Y. (2011) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c1jm12496j · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Significant impact of thermo-mechanical conditions on polymer triple-shape memory effect
Li, J., & Xie, T. (2011) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma102279y · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationHan, Y., Bai, T., Liu, Y., Zhai, X., & Liu, W. (2012) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201100683 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
A tough shape memory polymer with triple shape memory and two-way shape memory properties
Bai, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Q., & Wang, T. (2014) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c3ta15117d · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Lu, L., & Li, G. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b04105 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Autonomous Off‐Equilibrium Morphing Pathways of a Supramolecular Shape‐Memory Polymer
Peng, W., Zhang, G., Zhao, Q., & Xie, T. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202102473 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationProgramming temporal shapeshifting
Hu, X., Zhou, J., Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani, M., Daniel, W. F. M., Li, Q., Zhushma, A. P., Dobrynin, A. V., & Sheiko, S. S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12919 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Deng, X.-Y., Xie, H., Du, L., Fan, C.-J., Cheng, C.-Y., Yang, K.-K., & Wang, Y.-Z. (2019) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-018-9318-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
3D printing of tunable shape memory polymer blends
Chen, S., Zhang, Q., & Feng, J. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c7tc02534c · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Multishape memory effect of norbornene-based copolymers with cholic acid pendant groups
Shao, Y., Lavigueur, C., & Zhu, X. X. (2012) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma202506b · Cited by 80 · see citing works
High-strain shape memory polymer networks crosslinked by SiO2
Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, C., & Wang, T. (2011) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c1jm11022e · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Digital manufacture of shape changing components
Yu, K., Dunn, M. L., & Qi, H. J. (2015) · Extreme Mechanics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.eml.2015.07.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Reversible Bidirectional Shape Memory Effect in Polyurethanes through Molecular Flipping
Biswas, A., Aswal, V. K., Sastry, P. U., Rana, D., & Maiti, P. (2016) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00536 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cuevas, J. M., Rubio, R., Germán, L., Laza, J. M., Vilas, J. L., Rodriguez, M., & León, L. M. (2012) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c2sm07481h · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Zhu, C., Xu, B., Qin, L., Wei, J., & Yu, Y. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b17271 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Chen, M., Yang, M., Tang, L., Dang, Z.-M., Chen, F., Huang, M., & Dong, X. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am5056307 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Li, W., Liu, Y., & Leng, J. (2014) · RSC Adv. · doi:10.1039/c4ra10716k · Cited by 71 · see citing works
High performance and tunable artificial muscle based on two-way shape memory polymer
Fan, J., & Li, G. (2017) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra25024f · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Fei, G., Li, G., Wu, L., & Xia, H. (2012) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c2sm07357a · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Shape forming by thermal expansion mismatch and shape memory locking in polymer/elastomer laminates
Yuan, C., Ding, Z., Wang, T. J., Dunn, M. L., & Qi, H. J. (2017) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/aa8241 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Shape-memory behavior of cross-linked semi-crystalline polymers and their blends
Kolesov, I., Dolynchuk, O., & Radusch, H.-J. (2015) · Express Polymer Letters · doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.24 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Biocompound-based multiple shape memory polymers reinforced by photo-cross-linking
Wang, K., Jia, Y.-G., & Zhu, X. X. (2015) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00226 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hyperbranched polycoumarates with photofunctional multiple shape memory
Wang, S., Kaneko, D., Okajima, M., Yasaki, K., Tateyama, S., & Kaneko, T. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201305647 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Chen, S., Yuan, H., Chen, S., Yang, H., Ge, Z., Zhuo, H., & Liu, J. (2014) · J. Mater. Chem. A · doi:10.1039/c4ta01617c · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Gopinath, S., Adarsh, N. N., Nair, P. R., & Mathew, S. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c05839 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sequential Motion of 4D Printed Photopolymers with Broad Glass Transition
Inverardi, N., Pandini, S., Bignotti, F., Scalet, G., Marconi, S., & Auricchio, F. (2020) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.201900370 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Designing temperature-memory effects in semicrystalline polyurethane
Mirtschin, N., & Pretsch, T. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra05492c · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Li, J., Liu, T., Pan, Y., Xia, S., Zheng, Z., Ding, X., & Peng, Y. (2012) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.201200231 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A facile and general approach to recoverable high-strain multishape shape memory polymers
Li, X., Pan, Y., Zheng, Z., & Ding, X. (2018) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201700613 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Wei, H., Liu, Y., Leng, J., & Du, S. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra24247a · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Molavi, F. K., Ghasemi, I., Messori, M., & Esfandeh, M. (2019) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-019-01366-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lu, H., Zhu, S., Yang, Y., Huang, W. M., Leng, J., & Du, S. (2015) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.41673 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Swelling agent adopted decal transfer method for membrane electrode assembly fabrication
Cho, D. H., Lee, S. Y., Shin, D. W., Hwang, D. S., & Lee, Y. M. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.037 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mo, F., Ban, J., Pan, L., Shi, B., & Lu, S. (2019) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c8nj05451g · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xie, T.
- Affiliations
- General Motors (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xie, Tao
- ORCID
- Xie, Tao
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 464
- Issue
- 7286
- Pages
- 267-270
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2119812250
- Cited by
- 1,380
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 87 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 110.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Dielectric materials and actuators
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, Nafion, reversible phase transition, proton exchange membranes, smart materials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
