Multimaterial 4D Printing with Tailorable Shape Memory Polymers
Open accessAbstract
We present a new 4D printing approach that can create high resolution (up to a few microns), multimaterial shape memory polymer (SMP) architectures. The approach is based on high resolution projection microstereolithography (PμSL) and uses a family of photo-curable methacrylate based copolymer networks. We designed the constituents and compositions to exhibit desired thermomechanical behavior (including rubbery modulus, glass transition temperature and failure strain which is more than 300% and larger than any existing printable materials) to enable controlled shape memory behavior. We used a high resolution, high contrast digital micro display to ensure high resolution of photo-curing methacrylate based SMPs that requires higher exposure energy than more common acrylate based polymers. An automated material exchange process enables the manufacture of 3D composite architectures from multiple photo-curable SMPs. In order to understand the behavior of the 3D composite microarchitectures, we carry out high fidelity computational simulations of their complex nonlinear, time-dependent behavior and study important design considerations including local deformation, shape fixity and free recovery rate. Simulations are in good agreement with experiments for a series of single and multimaterial components and can be used to facilitate the design of SMP 3D structures.
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Ge et al. used a multi-material system based on projection microstereolithography to create composite structures based on photo-curable methacrylate based copolymer networks.
“More recently, Ge et al. [207] used a multi-material system based on projection microstereolithography to create composite structures based on photo-curable methacrylate based copolymer networks.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [207]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ge, Q., Sakhaei, A. H., Lee, H., Dunn, C. K., Fang, N. X., & Dunn, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ge, Qi
- Fang, Nicholas X.
- Dunn, Martin L.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2016-08-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31110-31110
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4976324
- OpenAlex
- W2519831124
- Cited by
- 1,160
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 73.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Nature
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- 4D printing, shape memory polymers, multi-material printing, projection micro-stereolithography, methacrylate-based polymers, thermomechanical behavior, shape fixity, high-resolution 3D printing
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