CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 31

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Recurring volcanic winters during the latest Cretaceous: Sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan Traps lavas

Callegaro, Sara, Baker, Don R., Renne, Paul R., Melluso, Leone, Geraki, Kalotina, Whitehouse, Martin J., De Min, Angelo, Marzoli, Andrea·2023·Science Advances
DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adg8284PMC PMC10550224
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Two events share the stage as main drivers of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction—Deccan Traps volcanism, and an asteroid impact recorded by the Chicxulub crater. We contribute to refining knowledge of the volcanic stressor by providing sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan lavas from the Western Ghats (India), which straddle the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Volcanic fluorine budgets were variable (400 to 3000 parts per million) and probably sufficient to affect the environment, albeit only regionally. The highest sulfur budgets (up to 1800 parts per million) are recorded in Deccan lavas emplaced just prior (within 0.1 million years) to the extinction interval, whereas later basalts are generally sulfur-poor (up to 750 parts per million). Independent evidence suggests the Deccan flood basalts erupted in high-flux pulses. Our data suggest that volcanic sulfur degassing from such activity could have caused repeated short-lived global drops in temperature, stressing the ecosystems long before the bolide impact delivered its final blow at the end of the Cretaceous.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/sciadv.adg8284

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1. Deccan Traps large igneous province overview. (A) Present-day distribution of the Deccan Traps in India. Samples investigated in this study come from the WG Escarpment, where the thickest and most complete lava piles are preserved. (B) Schematic volcanostratigraphy for the Main Deccan Volcanic Province (MDVP) in the WG (6). Ten lava formations and three subgroups are reported along with the number of samples analyzed for each formation. In this list, and in the dataset, we include three samples (D231, D241, and D244) collected at Mahabaleshwar that were previously analyzed by our group (31).
Fig. 1. Deccan Traps large igneous province overview. (A) Present-day distribution of the Deccan Traps in India. Samples investigated in this study come from the WG Escarpment, where the thickest and most complete lava piles are preserved. (B) Schematic volcanostratigraphy for the Main Deccan Volcanic Province (MDVP) in the WG (6). Ten lava formations and three subgroups are reported along with the number of samples analyzed for each formation. In this list, and in the dataset, we include three samples (D231, D241, and D244) collected at Mahabaleshwar that were previously analyzed by our group (31).CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2. Sulfur concentrations (in parts per million) measured in clinopyroxenes from the Western Ghats lava pile. (A) Investigated lava samples plotted in stratigraphic order, y axis in meters of cumulative stratigraphic height. Six of the analyzed samples were previously dated by high-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology (1, 2) and are labeled in bold, with ages plotted as black circles. Additional 40Ar/39Ar ages from other samples from the same lava pile are plotted as white circles. Uncertainty on each 40Ar/39Ar age is shown at ±2 SD, including systematic sources. Age ranges for the KPB are reported in dotted purple for the 40Ar/39Ar dataset (66.052 ± 0.008/0.04 Ma; external uncertainty in purple shade) (1, 2) and in stapled green for the U-Pb dataset (66.016 ± 0.05/0.099 Ma; external uncertainty in green shade) (3, 41). Lava formations: Ja, Jawhar; Ig, Igatpuri; Ne, Neral; Th, Thakurvadi; Bh, Bhimashankar; Kh, Khandala; Bu, Bushe; Po, Poladpur; Am, Ambenali; Ma, Mahabaleshwar. (B) Sulfur concentrations measured by synchrotron light x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) (n = 353 data points) in clinopyroxenes from 15 lava samples. Individual data points with their associated error bars (1 SD) are plotted. (C) Sulfur concentrations in clinopyroxene are reported as box plots, highlighting the petrological and statistical outliers. Each box extends from the 25th to the 75th percentile of the sample analyses, with the median reported as a red line and the mean as a black diamond. The whiskers extend outside each box from the end of the interquartile range to the furthest concentration within the whisker length (the adjacent value). Measured concentrations beyond the whisker length (i.e., more than 1.5 times the interquartile range) are marked as outliers, with crosses. Black crosses mark statistical outliers. Red crosses mark petrological outliers. The latter are reported in red in data S3 and not plotted in Fig. 4B.
Fig. 2. Sulfur concentrations (in parts per million) measured in clinopyroxenes from the Western Ghats lava pile. (A) Investigated lava samples plotted in stratigraphic order, y axis in meters of cumulative stratigraphic height. Six of the analyzed samples were previously dated by high-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology (1, 2) and are labeled in bold, with ages plotted as black circles. Additional 40Ar/39Ar ages from other samples from the same lava pile are plotted as white circles. Uncertainty on each 40Ar/39Ar age is shown at ±2 SD, including systematic sources. Age ranges for the KPB are reported in dotted purple for the 40Ar/39Ar dataset (66.052 ± 0.008/0.04 Ma; external uncertainty in purple shade) (1, 2) and in stapled green for the U-Pb dataset (66.016 ± 0.05/0.099 Ma; external uncertainty in green shade) (3, 41). Lava formations: Ja, Jawhar; Ig, Igatpuri; Ne, Neral; Th, Thakurvadi; Bh, Bhimashankar; Kh, Khandala; Bu, Bushe; Po, Poladpur; Am, Ambenali; Ma, Mahabaleshwar. (B) Sulfur concentrations measured by synchrotron light x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) (n = 353 data points) in clinopyroxenes from 15 lava samples. Individual data points with their associated error bars (1 SD) are plotted. (C) Sulfur concentrations in clinopyroxene are reported as box plots, highlighting the petrological and statistical outliers. Each box extends from the 25th to the 75th percentile of the sample analyses, with the median reported as a red line and the mean as a black diamond. The whiskers extend outside each box from the end of the interquartile range to the furthest concentration within the whisker length (the adjacent value). Measured concentrations beyond the whisker length (i.e., more than 1.5 times the interquartile range) are marked as outliers, with crosses. Black crosses mark statistical outliers. Red crosses mark petrological outliers. The latter are reported in red in data S3 and not plotted in Fig. 4B.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3. Fluorine concentrations (in parts per million) measured in clinopyroxenes from the Western Ghats lava pile. (A) Investigated lava samples plotted in stratigraphic order, y axis in meters of cumulative stratigraphic height. Eight of the analyzed samples were previously dated by high-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology (1, 2) and are labeled in bold, with ages plotted as black circles. Additional 40Ar/39Ar ages from other samples from the same lava pile are plotted as white circles. Uncertainty on each 40Ar/39Ar age ± 2 SD, including systematic sources. Age ranges for the KPB are reported in dotted purple for the 40Ar/39Ar dataset (66.052 ± 0.008/0.04 Ma; external uncertainty in purple shade) (1, 2) and in stapled green for the U-Pb dataset (66.016 ± 0.05/0.099 Ma; external uncertainty in green shade) (3, 41). (B) Fluorine concentrations measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (n = 126 data points) in clinopyroxenes from 21 lava samples, plotted as individual data points. Associated error bars (±1 SD) are smaller than the symbol. (C) Fluorine concentrations measured in clinopyroxene are reported as box plots. Details on the box plot construction as in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3. Fluorine concentrations (in parts per million) measured in clinopyroxenes from the Western Ghats lava pile. (A) Investigated lava samples plotted in stratigraphic order, y axis in meters of cumulative stratigraphic height. Eight of the analyzed samples were previously dated by high-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology (1, 2) and are labeled in bold, with ages plotted as black circles. Additional 40Ar/39Ar ages from other samples from the same lava pile are plotted as white circles. Uncertainty on each 40Ar/39Ar age ± 2 SD, including systematic sources. Age ranges for the KPB are reported in dotted purple for the 40Ar/39Ar dataset (66.052 ± 0.008/0.04 Ma; external uncertainty in purple shade) (1, 2) and in stapled green for the U-Pb dataset (66.016 ± 0.05/0.099 Ma; external uncertainty in green shade) (3, 41). (B) Fluorine concentrations measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (n = 126 data points) in clinopyroxenes from 21 lava samples, plotted as individual data points. Associated error bars (±1 SD) are smaller than the symbol. (C) Fluorine concentrations measured in clinopyroxene are reported as box plots. Details on the box plot construction as in Fig. 2.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4. S and F concentrations calculated for Deccan Traps melts in equilibrium with the analyzed clinopyroxenes. (A) Eruption rates for the WG Formations of the MDVP (1, 41) based on approximate duration (horizontal length) and eruptive volume calculated by Richards et al. (36). The volume of each formation is 103 km3. Cumulative volumes reported for Kalsubai and Lonavala Subgroups (details in data S4). Red curve: Global temperature change across the KPB as 60-point fast Fourier transform smoother through a compilation of benthic δ18O [‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)] data (14). Curve plotted correlating magnetic reversals from (1, 14). Purple arrow: 40Ar/39Ar KPB age (66.016 ± 0.08/0.004 Ma) and highest probability stratigraphic position along WG (1, 2, 41). Blue dotted arrow: Probability of stratigraphic position of KPB age from (1, 2) according to (41). Green stapled arrow: U-Pb KPB age (66.016 ± 0.05/0.099 Ma) and its highest probability position along the WG (3, 24, 41). Red arrow: Astronomically calibrated KPB age (66.022 ± 0.040 Ma) (87), tied to the paleotemperature curve of (14). Magnetozones from (78). 40Ar/39Ar ages for magnetic reversals from (1). (B and C) Concentration of S (in parts per million) and F (in parts per million) in equilibrium melts calculated from clinopyroxene microanalyses (data S2). Concentrations are plotted per lava formation. Box-and-whiskers construction as in Fig. 2. Yellow horizontal bars in (B): Sulfur concentration at sulfide saturation (SCSS) calculated for each lava sample (46). SCSS values of different samples are plotted as stacked and centered on the formation of pertinence. We plotted (B) previously published S concentrations in melt inclusions in olivine and plagioclase from the MDVP (28), and S and F concentrations for Laki (Iceland), the Roza member of Columbia River Basalts (USA), and the Siberian Traps (20, 48–50) for comparison. We plotted (C) fluorine concentrations measured in oceanic island (OIB) and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (61).
Fig. 4. S and F concentrations calculated for Deccan Traps melts in equilibrium with the analyzed clinopyroxenes. (A) Eruption rates for the WG Formations of the MDVP (1, 41) based on approximate duration (horizontal length) and eruptive volume calculated by Richards et al. (36). The volume of each formation is 103 km3. Cumulative volumes reported for Kalsubai and Lonavala Subgroups (details in data S4). Red curve: Global temperature change across the KPB as 60-point fast Fourier transform smoother through a compilation of benthic δ18O [‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)] data (14). Curve plotted correlating magnetic reversals from (1, 14). Purple arrow: 40Ar/39Ar KPB age (66.016 ± 0.08/0.004 Ma) and highest probability stratigraphic position along WG (1, 2, 41). Blue dotted arrow: Probability of stratigraphic position of KPB age from (1, 2) according to (41). Green stapled arrow: U-Pb KPB age (66.016 ± 0.05/0.099 Ma) and its highest probability position along the WG (3, 24, 41). Red arrow: Astronomically calibrated KPB age (66.022 ± 0.040 Ma) (87), tied to the paleotemperature curve of (14). Magnetozones from (78). 40Ar/39Ar ages for magnetic reversals from (1). (B and C) Concentration of S (in parts per million) and F (in parts per million) in equilibrium melts calculated from clinopyroxene microanalyses (data S2). Concentrations are plotted per lava formation. Box-and-whiskers construction as in Fig. 2. Yellow horizontal bars in (B): Sulfur concentration at sulfide saturation (SCSS) calculated for each lava sample (46). SCSS values of different samples are plotted as stacked and centered on the formation of pertinence. We plotted (B) previously published S concentrations in melt inclusions in olivine and plagioclase from the MDVP (28), and S and F concentrations for Laki (Iceland), the Roza member of Columbia River Basalts (USA), and the Siberian Traps (20, 48–50) for comparison. We plotted (C) fluorine concentrations measured in oceanic island (OIB) and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (61).CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Research works printed but not linked: 92

  1. 10.1126/science.aac7549 · DOI · Paper page
  2. J. J. Sepkoski Patterns of phanerozoic extinction: A perspective from global data bases in Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic O. H. Walliser Ed. (Springer 1996). · DOI
  3. 10.1073/pnas.1905989116 · DOI
  4. 10.1007/BF01073513 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90153-7 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1126/science.208.4448.1095 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.1073/pnas.1909479116 · DOI
  8. 10.1016/j.cretres.2008.05.030 · DOI
  9. 10.1126/science.1177265 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1126/science.aay5055 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.1130/G39771.1 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.1130/G49214.1 · DOI
  13. N. C. Arens, A. Thompson, A. H. Jahren, A preliminary test of the press-pulse extinction hypothesis: Palynological indicators of vegetation change preceding the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, McCone County, Montana USA. Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. 503, 209–227 (2014).
  14. 10.1073/pnas.2120441119 · DOI
  15. 10.1038/s43017-021-00221-4 · DOI
  16. 10.5194/acp-21-9009-2021 · DOI
  17. 10.1038/ngeo2588 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1073/pnas.2007797118 · DOI · Paper page
  19. 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116249 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1130/G50016.1 · DOI
  21. 10.1130/G37451.1 · DOI
  22. 10.1126/science.1152830 · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.07.002 · DOI
  24. 10.1002/9781119507444.ch4 · DOI
  25. 10.1130/G35983.1 · DOI
  26. 10.2138/am-2020-7188 · DOI
  27. 10.2138/am-2021-7868 · DOI
  28. 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90464-2 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1093/petrology/egq082 · DOI · Paper page
  30. 10.1130/B35018.1 · DOI
  31. 10.1016/j.lithos.2005.12.007 · DOI
  32. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.001 · DOI
  33. 10.1007/s00126-009-0271-1 · DOI
  34. 10.5194/gchron-3-181-2021 · DOI · Paper page
  35. A. E. Jay “Volcanic architecture of the Deccan Traps western Maharashtra India: An integrated chemostratigraphic and paleomagnetic study ” thesis The Open University (2005).
  36. L. Melluso S. Sethna Mineral compositions in the Deccan igneous rocks of India: An overview in Topics in Igneous Petrology: A Tribute to Prof. Mihir K. Bose J. Ray G. Sen B. Ghosh Eds. (Springer 2011) pp. 135–159. · DOI
  37. 10.1093/petrology/egac075 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105754 · DOI
  39. 10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.022 · DOI
  40. 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.003 · DOI
  41. 10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00054-6 · DOI
  42. 10.1007/s004450050136 · DOI
  43. 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.001 · DOI
  44. P. J. Wallace T. Plank M. Edmonds E. H. Hauri Volatiles in Magmas (Elsevier ed. 2 2015) pp. 163–183. · DOI
  45. 10.1016/j.gca.2022.08.032 · DOI
  46. 10.1029/2022GC010552 · DOI
  47. 10.1016/j.gca.2007.01.004 · DOI
  48. 10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.025 · DOI
  49. 10.1093/petrology/egac094 · DOI
  50. A. Lecomte M. Cathelineau R. Michels C. Peiffert M. Brouand Uranium mineralization in the Alum Shale Formation (Sweden): Evolution of a U-rich marine black shale from sedimentation to metamorphism. 88 71–98 (2017). · DOI
  51. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.11.013 · DOI
  52. M. R. Carroll, J. D. Webster, Solubilities of sulfur, noble gases, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine in magmas. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 30, 231–279 (1994).
  53. T. Thordarson S. Self Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: A review and reassessment. 108 AAC 7-1–AAC 7-29 (2003). · DOI
  54. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.06.014 · DOI
  55. 10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106696 · DOI
  56. 10.1016/j.gca.2020.02.018 · DOI
  57. 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117946 · DOI
  58. 10.1016/j.gca.2023.03.014 · DOI
  59. 10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00075-5 · DOI
  60. 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.03.018 · DOI
  61. 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.12.016 · DOI · Paper page
  62. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.029 · DOI · Paper page
  63. 10.2475/08.2018.01 · DOI
  64. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.037 · DOI
  65. 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.043 · DOI
  66. 10.1038/s41561-018-0261-y · DOI
  67. 10.1073/pnas.0234701100 · DOI · Paper page
  68. 10.1029/JD094iD08p11165 · DOI
  69. 10.1029/1998RG000054 · DOI · Paper page
  70. 10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.000445 · DOI
  71. 10.1029/2008JB005644 · DOI · Paper page
  72. 10.1107/S0909049509032282 · DOI
  73. 10.1016/j.sab.2006.12.002 · DOI
  74. J. Goldstein D. E. Newbury D. C. Joy C. E. Lyman P. Echlin E. Lifshin L. Sawyer J. R. Michael Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis (Springer ed. 3 2003) p. 690. · DOI
  75. R. M. Rousseau, Detection limit and estimate of uncertainty of analytical XRF results. Rigaku J. 18, 33–47 (2001).
  76. 10.1029/2005GC001060 · DOI
  77. 10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.023 · DOI
  78. 10.1007/s00410-017-1368-7 · DOI
  79. 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.023 · DOI
  80. 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.027 · DOI
  81. 10.1093/petrology/egh097 · DOI
  82. 10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.022 · DOI
  83. 10.1007/BF00376966 · DOI
  84. 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90403-4 · DOI
  85. R. W. Le Maitre Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms (Cambridge Univ. Press 2002). · DOI
  86. 10.2465/minerj.14.198 · DOI
  87. 10.1002/2013GC005112 · DOI
  88. 10.2138/am-2017-5968 · DOI
  89. 10.1093/petrology/42.12.2175 · DOI
  90. 10.1007/BF02704024 · DOI
  91. 10.1029/2022GC010750 · DOI
  92. 10.1007/s12594-018-1033-4 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Callegaro, S., Baker, D. R., Renne, P. R., Melluso, L., Geraki, K., Whitehouse, M. J., De Min, A., & Marzoli, A.
Affiliations
  • Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 2A, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
  • Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada.
  • Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
  • Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Ambiente e Risorse, University of Napoli Federico II, via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
  • Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
  • Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Department of Mathematics and Geoscience, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
  • Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
ORCID
Venue
Science Advances
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2023-10-06
Volume
9
Issue
40
ISSN
2375-2548
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.adg8284
PMC
PMC10550224
Cited by
31
References
7
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review