WNT and DKK determine hair follicle spacing through a reaction-diffusion mechanism
Abstract
Mathematical reaction-diffusion models have been suggested to describe formation of animal pigmentation patterns and distribution of epidermal appendages. However, the crucial signals and in vivo mechanisms are still elusive. Here we identify WNT and its inhibitor DKK as primary determinants of murine hair follicle spacing, using a combined experimental and computational modeling approach. Transgenic DKK overexpression reduces overall appendage density. Moderate suppression of endogenous WNT signaling forces follicles to form clusters during an otherwise normal morphogenetic program. These results confirm predictions of a WNT/DKK-specific mathematical model and provide in vivo corroboration of the reaction-diffusion mechanism for epidermal appendage formation.
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The simulation model by Sick et al. 2006 [31] contains only Wnt and its antagonist Dkk.
“There are two exceptions: the simulation model by Sick et al. 2006 [31] contains only Wnt and its antagonist Dkk and the model by Rodríguez-González et al. (2007) [33] lacks β-catenin.”
From Relating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
The number of species in the surveyed models, without considering compounds or different attributes or states such as phosphorylation state, ranges from 2 (in [31]) to 30 (in [53]).
“The number of species without considering compounds or different attributes or states, such as the phosphorylation state, ranges from 2 (in [31]) to 30 (in [53]).”
From Relating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Six out of 19 publications recorded their own wet-lab data [28, 31, 32, 45, 51, 57].
“When looking at Wet-lab Data, six out of 19 publications recorded their own wet-lab data [28, 31, 32, 45, 51, 57].”
From Relating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
All other models are not part of a cluster and are either completely disconnected from the other studies [31] or include E-cadherin and the cell cycle [39] or just E-cadherin [49].
“All other models are not part of a cluster and are either completely disconnected from the other studies [31] or include E-cadherin and the cell cycle [39] or just E-cadherin [49].”
From Relating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
The two simulation models not linked to Lee et al. (2003) are those by Sick et al. (2006) and by Rodríguez-González et al. (2007).
“The two exceptions not linked to Lee et al. (2003) [28] are the simulation models by Sick et al. (2006) [31] and by Rodríguez-González et al. (2007) [33].”
From Relating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Sick et al. (2006) [31] used arbitrary parameter values in their simulation models.
“Sick et al. (2006) [31] used arbitrary parameter values in their simulation models.”
From Relating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Cites
WNT Signals Are Required for the Initiation of Hair Follicle Development
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Epidermal homeostasis: a balancing act of stem cells in the skin
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Paired-cell sequencing enables spatial gene expression mapping of liver endothelial cells
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Self-citationRelating simulation studies by provenance—Developing a family of Wnt signaling models
Budde, K., Smith, J., Wilsdorf, P., Haack, F., & Uhrmacher, A. M. (2021) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009227 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sick, S., Reinker, S., Timmer, J., & Schlake, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Reinker, Stefan
- Schlake, Thomas
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 314
- Issue
- 5804
- Pages
- 1447-1450
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2091643574
- Cited by
- 612
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 37.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- Wnt signaling, reaction-diffusion systems
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diffusion, Hair, Mathematics, Mesoderm, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Morphogenesis, Signal Transduction, Hair Follicle, Body Patterning, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Wnt Proteins, Mice, Forkhead Transcription Factors
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