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Identification of Host Proteins Required for HIV Infection Through a Functional Genomic Screen
Abstract
HIV-1 exploits multiple host proteins during infection. We performed a large-scale small interfering RNA screen to identify host factors required by HIV-1 and identified more than 250 HIV-dependency factors (HDFs). These proteins participate in a broad array of cellular functions and implicate new pathways in the viral life cycle. Further analysis revealed previously unknown roles for retrograde Golgi transport proteins (Rab6 and Vps53) in viral entry, a karyopherin (TNPO3) in viral integration, and the Mediator complex (Med28) in viral transcription. Transcriptional analysis revealed that HDF genes were enriched for high expression in immune cells, suggesting that viruses evolve in host cells that optimally perform the functions required for their life cycle. This effort illustrates the power with which RNA interference and forward genetics can be used to expose the dependencies of human pathogens such as HIV, and in so doing identify potential targets for therapy.
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“Host proteins with potential functions in the viral lifecycle have also been identified using siRNA-based screens (125-127).”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“| Mixed pattern of regulation upon HIV-1 infection | GlyRS | 127 |”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“The five ARSs listed exhibit a significant decrease (Ն16-fold) in transcript levels.”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“| Levels of transcripts decrease upon HIV-1 infection b | EPRS a , TyrRS, MetRS a , HisRS, PheRS | 127 |”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“| Levels of transcripts increase upon HIV-1 infection | AsnRS, CysRS | 127 |”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“Five other ARSs, AlaRS, IleRS, LysRS, ValRS, and GlnRS, exhibit a moderate decrease (ϳ4fold) in HIV-1-infected cells.”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
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Host factors exploited by retroviruses
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A qPCR assay for measuring the post-integrational DNA repair in HIV-1 replication.
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Structure of transportin SR2, a karyopherin involved in human disease, in complex with Ran.
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“Importantly, TRN-SR2 has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Brass et al., 2008; Christ et al., 2008; König et al., 2008), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC; Hirschfield et al., 2010) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1F (LGMD1F;…”
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c-KIT signaling is targeted by pathogenic Yersiniato suppress the host immune response
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“Finally, the human Ly6 locus, Ly6, and Ly6-related genes were also implicated in two separate screens for HIV susceptibility factors (53, 54).”
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“GliPR was not found by this HDF screen, although our results suggest that it meets the criteria for an HDF. Apparently the detection of HDF depends on the specific experimental conditions and the selection criteria set for sensitivity and specificity of a screening approach.”
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“The interaction between human Vpr binding protein (VPRBP) with the HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein is known to be critical for HIV-1 infection ([ 38 ].”
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HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking
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Large-Scale “OMICS” Studies to Explore the Physiopatholgy of HIV-1 Infection
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CA Mutation N57A Has Distinct Strain-Specific HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating and Infectivity Phenotypes
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Tripartite motif‐containing proteins precisely and positively affect host antiviral immune response
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N-terminal half of transportin SR2 interacts with HIV integrase
Tsirkone, V. G., Blokken, J., Wit, F. D., Breemans, J., Houwer, S. D., Debyser, Z., Christ, F., & Strelkov, S. V. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.777029 · Cited by 13
High-throughput approaches to unravel hepatitis C virus-host interactions
Colpitts, C. C., Saghire, H. E., Pochet, N. L. M. M., Schuster, C., & Baumert, T. F. (2015) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.09.013 · Cited by 12
“Similar discrepancies were observed among screens for HIV host factors (Brass et al., 2008; Konig et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2008).”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Brass, A. L., Dykxhoorn, D. M., Benita, Y., Yan, N., Engelman, A., Xavier, R. J., Lieberman, J., & Elledge, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-02-15
- Volume
- 319
- Issue
- 5865
- Pages
- 921-926
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2145848202
- Cited by
- 1,449
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 90 · 2013: 150 · 2012: 148
- FWCI
- 57.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI056900, AI052014, AI 062773, R01AI062773, R01AI052014, P30AI060354)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK040561)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Keywords
- HIV-1, host factors, host-virus interaction, Rab6, viral entry, karyopherins, TNPO3, viral integration, Mediator complex, MED28, viral transcription, antiviral drug targets
- MeSH terms
- Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Proteins, Transcription, Genetic, Virus Replication, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Virus Integration, Computational Biology, rab GTP-Binding Proteins, Genomics, Karyopherins, Vesicular Transport Proteins, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Cell Line, Tumor, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Virus Internalization, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Mediator Complex
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