The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Toll-Like Receptor 2 Pathway Establishes Colonization by a Commensal of the Human Microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Mucosal surfaces constantly encounter microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate recognition of microbial patterns to eliminate pathogens. By contrast, we demonstrate that the prominent gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis activates the TLR pathway to establish host-microbial symbiosis. TLR2 on CD4(+) T cells is required for B. fragilis colonization of a unique mucosal niche in mice during homeostasis. A symbiosis factor (PSA, polysaccharide A) of B. fragilis signals through TLR2 directly on Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells to promote immunologic tolerance. B. fragilis lacking PSA is unable to restrain T helper 17 cell responses and is defective in niche-specific mucosal colonization. Therefore, commensal bacteria exploit the TLR pathway to actively suppress immunity. We propose that the immune system can discriminate between pathogens and the microbiota through recognition of symbiotic bacterial molecules in a process that engenders commensal colonization.
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“This process is supplemented by direct binding of PSA to TLR2 expressed on FoxP3+ Tregs, further enhancing IL-10 production (Round et al., 2011).”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Round et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“The presence of PSA is a prerequisite for effective colonization of the colonic mucosa by its producer B. fragilis”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Round et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“By this mechanism, B. fragilis and Clostridial consortium sufficiently correct symptoms of intestinal disease and multiple sclerosis in animal models (74, 75) and continue to be tested for clinical translation into patient populations.”
From Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
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Citations
Cites
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Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110591 · Cited by 7,913
The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease
Round, J. L., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2515 · Cited by 5,029
Self-citationHarrington, L. E., Hatton, R. D., Mangan, P. R., Turner, H., Murphy, T. L., Murphy, K. M., & Weaver, C. T. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1254 · Cited by 4,742
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554
Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species
Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Shima, T., Imaoka, A., Kuwahara, T., Momose, Y., Cheng, G., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Ohba, Y., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198469 · Cited by 3,752
Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine
Ley, R. E., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017 · Cited by 3,358
An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System
Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.007 · Cited by 2,910
Self-citationRecognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
Medzhitov, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06246 · Cited by 2,862
A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease
Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L., & Kasper, D. L. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07008 · Cited by 2,340
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Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation.
Belkaid, Y., & Hand, T. W. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011 · Cited by 5,385
Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R., & Macpherson, A. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223490 · Cited by 4,173
The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view
Clemente, J. C., Ursell, L. K., Parfrey, L. W., & Knight, R. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.035 · Cited by 3,710
The gut microbiota--masters of host development and physiology
Sommer, F., & Bäckhed, F. (2013) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2974 · Cited by 3,681
Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity
Rooks, M. G., & Garrett, W. S. (2016) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.42 · Cited by 3,409
Metadata
- Authors
- Round, J. L., Lee, S. M., Li, J., Tran, G., Jabri, B., Chatila, T. A., & Mazmanian, S. K.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Round, June L.
- Mazmanian, Sarkis K.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-05-20
- Volume
- 332
- Issue
- 6032
- Pages
- 974-977
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC3164325
- OpenAlex
- W2103561589
- Cited by
- 1,604
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 101
- FWCI
- 55.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AI 080002, DK 078938, DK 083633, AI 088626)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- TLR2, Bacteroides fragilis, gut microbiota, commensal colonization, polysaccharide A, regulatory T cells, Foxp3, CD4+ T cells, Th17 cells, mucosal immunity, immune tolerance, host-microbe symbiosis, pathogen recognition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteroides fragilis, Colon, Germ-Free Life, Homeostasis, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Intestinal Mucosa, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Biological, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Symbiosis, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-10, Immunity, Mucosal, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Mice, Metagenome, Th17 Cells
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