How fast-folding proteins fold
Abstract
An outstanding challenge in the field of molecular biology has been to understand the process by which proteins fold into their characteristic three-dimensional structures. Here, we report the results of atomic-level molecular dynamics simulations, over periods ranging between 100 μs and 1 ms, that reveal a set of common principles underlying the folding of 12 structurally diverse proteins. In simulations conducted with a single physics-based energy function, the proteins, representing all three major structural classes, spontaneously and repeatedly fold to their experimentally determined native structures. Early in the folding process, the protein backbone adopts a nativelike topology while certain secondary structure elements and a small number of nonlocal contacts form. In most cases, folding follows a single dominant route in which elements of the native structure appear in an order highly correlated with their propensity to form in the unfolded state.
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Raw advances in computational power are insufficient to produce more than anecdotal observations of protein folding or unfolding events.
“While computational advances have ushered in a new era of molecular simulation software accelerated by graphics processing hardware [40, 41, 42] or even custom ASICs [2], raw advances in computational power are insufficient to produce more than anecdotal observations of protein folding or unfolding events [43].”
From Markov state models of biomolecular conformational dynamics (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
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“For each system, 5 new trajectories with 1 µ s length were generated using our in-house protocol (S.1.4), using the same force field as in the original dataset (amber ff99SB-ildn [8]), at 300K.”
Influential
- Authors
- Lindorff-Larsen, K., Piana, S., Dror, R. O., & Shaw, D. E.
- Affiliations
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA.
- D. E. Shaw Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Piana, Stefano
- Shaw, David E.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-10-28
- Volume
- 334
- Issue
- 6055
- Pages
- 517-520
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2067236515
- Cited by
- 1,980
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 118 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 108 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 171 · 2016: 147 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 112
- FWCI
- 54.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Keywords
- protein folding, folding kinetics, folding pathways, native structure, secondary structure formation, energy function, molecular dynamics simulation
- MeSH terms
- Kinetics, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Thermodynamics, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Folding, Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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