The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs
Abstract
A Long Collapse: Coral reefs are threatened by global warming and ocean acidification, and so it is important to understand better how and why environmental changes have affected them in the past. Toth et al. (p. 81 ) present a 6000-year-long record of coral reefs off the coast of Panama, Central America. The reefs effectively stopped growing for approximately 2600 years, beginning around 4000 years ago. This collapse of the coral reef system was probably caused by increased variability of ENSO, the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. If the strength or frequency of ENSO were to increase, the viability of these and other reef systems in the Pacific could be put further at risk.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., et al. (2013) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 · Cited by 14,591
Self-citationCoral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152509 · Cited by 5,885
Discussion Reporting of 14 C Data
Stuiver, M., & Polach, H. A. (1977) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200003672 · Cited by 5,640
IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., et al. (2009) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200034202 · Cited by 4,290
The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño
Collins, M., An, S.-I., Cai, W., Ganachaud, A., Guilyardi, E., Jin, F.-F., Jochum, M., Lengaigne, M., Power, S., Timmermann, A., et al. (2010) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo868 · Cited by 1,230
Ingram, B. L. (1998) · Quaternary Research · doi:10.1006/qres.1997.1944 · Cited by 91
Cited by
Caribbean-wide decline in carbonate production threatens coral reef growth
Perry, C. T., Murphy, G. N., Kench, P. S., Smithers, S. G., Edinger, E. N., Steneck, R. S., & Mumby, P. J. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2409 · Cited by 405
Prasad, S., Anoop, A., Riedel, N., Sarkar, S., Menzel, P., Basavaiah, N., Krishnan, R., Fuller, D., Plessen, B., Gaye, B., et al. (2014) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.043 · Cited by 277
Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records
Kidwell, S. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1403660112 · Cited by 169
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on fisheries and aquaculture
(2020) · doi:10.4060/ca8348en · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Toth, L. T., Aronson, R. B., Vollmer, S. V., Hobbs, J. W., Urrego, D. H., Cheng, H., Enochs, I. C., Combosch, D. J., van Woesik, R., & Macintyre, I. G.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2012-07-06
- Volume
- 337
- Issue
- 6090
- Pages
- 81-84
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2140711477
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1221168
- The paper
- Toth, L. T., Aronson, R. B., Vollmer, S. V., Hobbs, J. W., Urrego, D. H., Cheng, H., Enochs, I. C., Combosch, D. J., van Woesik, R., & Macintyre, I. G. (2012). ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1221168
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
