The DOI matches its Crossref record; 166 of the 167 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The hormonal-control of sexual development
Abstract
Male and female human embryos develop identically during the first phase of gestation. The indifferent gonads then differentiate into ovaries or testes and soon begin to secrete their characteristic hormones. If ovaries (or no gonads) are present the final phenotype is female; thus no gonadal hormones are required for female development during embryogenesis. Two hormones of the fetal testis—Müllerian regression hormone and testosterone—are responsible for the formation of the male phenotype. Analysis of fibroblasts from the skin of patients with abnormalities of sexual development due to single gene defects shows that testosterone is responsible for virilization of the male internal genital tract, that its derivative dihydrotestosterone causes development of the male external genitalia, and that both hormones act in the embryo by the same receptor mechanisms operative in postnatal life.
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“Masculinization of the external genitalia in humans is dependent on formation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) through both the canonical androgenic pathway and an alternative (backdoor) pathway.”
From Alternative (backdoor) androgen production and masculinization in the human fetus (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“However, it is conversion of testosterone to the more potent 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at the target organ that leads to masculinization of the external genitalia [10].”
From Alternative (backdoor) androgen production and masculinization in the human fetus (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wilson, J. D., George, F. W., & Griffin, J. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Griffin, James E.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1981-03-20
- Volume
- 211
- Issue
- 4488
- Pages
- 1278-1284
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2112600512
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- sexual development, gonadal differentiation, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex determination, external genitalia development, masculinization, sex chromosome abnormalities, hormone receptors, embryonic development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Estradiol, Female, Glycoproteins, Gonadotropins, Growth Inhibitors, Humans, Male, Morphogenesis, Mullerian Ducts, Ovary, Rabbits, Receptors, Androgen, Sex Differentiation, Testicular Hormones, Testis, Testosterone, Time Factors, Urogenital System, Wolffian Ducts, Anti-Mullerian Hormone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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