Cited by 451Sexual Differentiation and DisordersGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesUrological Disorders and Treatments

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The hormonal-control of sexual development

Wilson, Jean D., George, Fredrick W., Griffin, James E.·1981·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.7010602

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Abstract

Male and female human embryos develop identically during the first phase of gestation. The indifferent gonads then differentiate into ovaries or testes and soon begin to secrete their characteristic hormones. If ovaries (or no gonads) are present the final phenotype is female; thus no gonadal hormones are required for female development during embryogenesis. Two hormones of the fetal testis—Müllerian regression hormone and testosterone—are responsible for the formation of the male phenotype. Analysis of fibroblasts from the skin of patients with abnormalities of sexual development due to single gene defects shows that testosterone is responsible for virilization of the male internal genital tract, that its derivative dihydrotestosterone causes development of the male external genitalia, and that both hormones act in the embryo by the same receptor mechanisms operative in postnatal life.

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See all 451

Authors: Wilson, J. D., George, F. W., & Griffin, J. E.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Griffin, James E.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1981-03-20
Volume: 211
Issue: 4488
Pages: 1278-1284
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.7010602
OpenAlex: W2112600512
Cited by: 451
References: 167
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 1.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
Keywords: sexual development, gonadal differentiation, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex determination, external genitalia development, masculinization, sex chromosome abnormalities, hormone receptors, embryonic development
MeSH terms: Animals, Estradiol, Female, Glycoproteins, Gonadotropins, Growth Inhibitors, Humans, Male, Morphogenesis, Mullerian Ducts, Ovary, Rabbits, Receptors, Androgen, Sex Differentiation, Testicular Hormones, Testis, Testosterone, Time Factors, Urogenital System, Wolffian Ducts, Anti-Mullerian Hormone

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The hormonal-control of sexual development

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