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Generation of multiphoton entangled quantum states by means of integrated frequency combs
Open accessAbstract
Entangled frequency combs: The ability to generate optical frequency combs in which the output light is made up of millions of sharp lines precisely spaced apart has been important for optical applications and for fundamental science. Reimer et al. now show that frequency combs can be taken into the quantum regime. They took individual teeth of the combs and quantum-mechanically entangled them to form complex optical states. Because the method is compatible with existing fiber and semiconductor technology, the results demonstrate a possible scalable and practical platform for quantum technologies. Science , this issue p. 1176
Overview
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TL;DR
Integrated Kerr frequency combs in a CMOS-compatible microring resonator generate broadband time-bin entangled photon pairs and four-photon entangled states via spontaneous four-wave mixing. The platform produces high-visibility two-photon entanglement and four-photon interference, with state tomography showing 96% fidelity for two-photon qubits and 64% for four-photon states.
Key findings
- The microring resonator had a Q-factor of about 240,000, 803 MHz linewidth, and 200 GHz free spectral range, emitting photons across the S, C, and L ITU bands from 1470 to 1620 nm with pair production rates of 0.02–0.04 pairs per pulse.
- Time-bin entangled qubits were generated across comb resonances; five selected channel pairs showed raw quantum-interference visibilities above 0.824, violating the CHSH/Bell-like inequality, and background-corrected visibilities above 93.2%.
- Four-photon time-bin entangled states were generated by selecting two signal-idler pairs; at 1.5 mW pump power, a quadruple detection rate of 0.17 Hz was measured, corresponding to a calculated generation rate of 135 kHz, with four-photon interference visibility of 89%.
- Quantum state tomography gave a two-photon fidelity of 96% and a four-photon fidelity of 64%; after adding 40 km of fiber, the two-photon fidelity was 87%.
Methods
- The source was a four-port microring resonator in CMOS-compatible high-refractive-index glass, pumped by a 16.8 MHz repetition-rate mode-locked fiber laser filtered to a single ring resonance at 1556.2 nm with 570 ps pulses.
- Photon pairs were generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing; time-bin entanglement was created by passing the pump through a stabilized unbalanced fiber interferometer with an 11.4 ns delay, producing double pulses with a defined relative phase.
- Entanglement was characterized by quantum interference measurements with signal and idler interferometers, Bell-like inequality violation, four-photon interference, and quantum state tomography.
Limitations
- The paper states that the demonstrated multi-photon entangled states are separable, generated as a product of bi-photon Bell states, and that non-separable multi-photon cluster states would require multiple excitation fields or controlled phase gates.
- The four-photon fidelity of 64% was obtained without compensation for background noise or interferometer imperfections, and system/detection losses were 14.75 dB.
- The text notes spectral asymmetry from Raman scattering, which could be reduced by cooling the chip, and that further device integration could reduce size and losses; the current setup uses fiber-connected components rather than a single chip.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to confirming time-bin entanglement, the quantum interference also reveals the phasecharacteristic of the nonlinear generation process.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It can be clearly seen that a very broad frequency comb of photons is emitted, covering the full S, C, and L International Telecommunication Union (ITU) bands (wavelengths ranging from 1470 to 1620 nm).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“This requirement is intrinsically fulfilled through the resonant characteristics (i.e.equal resonance bandwidths) of the ring cavity in combination with the excitation scheme described above.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By selecting two different signal-idler pairs we can generate two-photon qubit states given by |Ψ , ⟩ = It is worth mentioning that for the generation of a four-photon state, the coherence length of both generated photon pairs has to be the same and matched to the excitation field's coherence time.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Our quantum frequency comb is generated in a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) compatible high refractive index glass in a four-port microring resonator architecture (details on device fabrication and characteristics are presented in (21)).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
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In the paper
“We demonstrate that optical integrated Kerr frequency combs can be used to generate several bi-as well as multiphoton entangled qubits, which can find direct applications in quantum communication and computation.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Here we show the parallel generation of bi-and multi-photon entangled states in a compact integrated quantum frequency comb source.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“The weak and anomalous dispersion of our device enables broadband phase matching for spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM), generating a broad frequency comb of photons emitted at the cavity resonances.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“This pump configuration transforms the originally single-mode photon pairs into entangled states, where the photons are in a superposition of two temporal modes.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After subtracting the measured background (also shown in Fig. 3), the visibility is found to be above 93.2% on all channel pairs (top inset in Fig. 1).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Furthermore, we repeated the four-photon measurement by selecting different combinations of four modes, always finding four-photon entanglement, see Fig. S3 and (21) for more details.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
In the paper
“We selected 5 different frequency channel pairs within the ITU C band (marked in Fig. 1), and recorded quantum interference with raw visibilities above 0.824 > 1/√2 ≈ 0.71 (top inset of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3) thus confirming entanglement through the violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-like) inequality (27).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“We repeated the two-photon tomography measurement after adding 40 km of fiber, measuring a fidelity of 87% (Fig. S4, and (21) for more details), demonstrating that the entanglement is still preserved after long fiber propagation.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
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In the paper
“For the four-photon entangled state (Fig. 4C,D), we obtained a fidelity of 64% without compensation for background noise or interferometer imperfections, which is comparable to the fidelity measured for non-integrated four-photon states used for practical applications (3).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“We first measure the two-photon qubits generated on comb lines symmetric with respect to the pump wavelength (Fig. 4A,B) and find a fidelity of 96%, confirming that the generated quantum states are of high quality and very close to the ideal entangled state.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“The ring resonator's high Q-factor of around 240,000 (803 MHz linewidth, and 200 GHz free spectral range, see Fig. S1) allows for high field-enhancement and low-power operation, while simultaneously enabling the direct generation of bright and narrow-bandwidth photons, without the need for spectral filtering of the photons (22,23).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [23]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“Due to the broad phase-matching condition, achieved through the close-to-zero waveguide dispersion, the emitted comb exhibits a flat and broadband spectrum with uniform pair production rates, ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 pairs per pulse, over the full measured comb.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Setting the pump power to 1.5 mW, a quadruple detection rate of 0.17 Hz was measured, leading to a calculated generation rate of 135 kHz -by taking into account the system and detection losses of 14.75 dB.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our data clearly follows the expected relation, having a visibility of 89% without compensation for background noise or losses.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most importantly, these entangled qubits are generated over all the microring resonances, thus leading to a quantum frequency comb of time-bin entangled photon pairs.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key characteristic of our quantum frequency comb is the intrinsic and simultaneous operation at many modes, the high-purity photon pairs as well as high quality bi-and multi-photon entanglement shared among these modes, and an intrinsic compatibility with fiber technology.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“We note that the pulses are directly filtered by the resonator, resulting in a perfect match between the spectral bandwidth of the pump pulses and the excited resonator mode.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
“This in turn leads to the generation of pure single-mode photons per resonance (13), confirmed by single photon auto-correlation measurements (Fig. S2; see (21) for further details).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
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In the paper
“Here we show that this phase dependency is also manifested at the single photon level with a clear difference between second-and third-order nonlinear interactions.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“For the resonances closest to the excitation frequency a photon coincidence rate of 340 Hz was measured, leading to an estimated pair production rate of 302 kHz per channel (0.018 pairs per double pulse), accounting for system and detection losses of 14.75 dB (see (21) for more details).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
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In the paper
“For example, the source can be implemented into both single-photon as well as entanglement-based quantum communication protocols.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“The temporal separation of the two pulses can be arbitrarily chosen as long as it is larger than the temporal duration of the single photons, thus offering significant flexibility.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“Indeed, this phase dependency has been well described in theory (28) and has been exploited, for example, in optical squeezing (29).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [29]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Due to these features, it can find versatile and immediate applications such as quantum communications and quantum computation.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our method is compatible with contemporary fiber and quantum memory infrastructures, as well as chip-scale semiconductor technology, enabling compact, low-cost, and scalable implementations.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The integrated Kerr frequency comb platform is compatible with quantum memory infrastructures.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is worth mentioning that for the generation of a four-photon state, the coherence length of both generated photon pairs has to be the same and matched to the excitation field's coherence time.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast, for photons generated through SFWM (as we do in this work), quantum interference is expected to be of the form 1 -𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽 -2𝜑) for degenerate SFWM, or 1 -𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽 -𝜑 , -𝜑 .) for non-degenerate SFWM, where 𝜑 ,,. are the phases of the two pump fields (21).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“In third-order nonlinear processes, however, two photons generate the quantum state, enabling an additional control parameter (i.e. the relative phase between the two photons, in turn much easier to control).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“To demonstrate an entangled quantum frequency comb, we chose time-bin entanglement, which among several intrinsic advantages, is particularly suitable for information processing and transmission (25) because of its robustness (e.g. with respect to polarization fluctuations), and thus can be preserved even over long propagation distances in standard fiber networks (26).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
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In the paper
“A very realistic decrease in losses by 5 dB would already increase the four-photon detection rate by a factor of one hundred, while an achievable loss reduction of 10 dB would increase it to the very useful kHz range.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: A 5 dB reduction in losses is realistic and a 10 dB reduction is achievable.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results indicate that integrated quantum frequency comb sources based on third-order nonlinearities can open up new venues for the generation and control of complex quantum states, thus providing a scalable and practical platform for optical quantum information processing.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
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In the paper
“Furthermore, two-photon time-bin entangled qubits have successfully been used for linear universal quantum computation (4,25), and the parallel generation and processing of multiple qubits can directly enhance such protocols, where the information capacity scales with the number of comb lines used, as theoretically predicted (25).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Indeed, four-photon cluster states have been used to demonstrate measurementbased quantum computation (3).”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further device integration of the frequency comb will lead to more compact and stable systems with higher performance in terms of detection rates.”
§ Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states via integrated frequency combs > Abstract
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The integrated Kerr frequency comb platform is compatible with quantum memory infrastructures.
“Our method is compatible with contemporary fiber and quantum memory infrastructures, as well as chip-scale semiconductor technology, enabling compact, low-cost, and scalable implementations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A 5 dB reduction in losses is realistic and a 10 dB reduction is achievable.
“A very realistic decrease in losses by 5 dB would already increase the four-photon detection rate by a factor of one hundred, while an achievable loss reduction of 10 dB would increase it to the very useful kHz range.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Four-photon measurement is assigned two different Fig. 3 panels
MinorThe setup description directs readers to Fig. 3E for the four-photon measurements, but the Fig. 3 caption identifies panel F as the four-photon measurement.
“For the four-photon measurements (see Fig.3Eand Fig.4C-D), four frequency modes symmetric to the excitation field are collected and passed through the interferometers.”
“F) Four-photon entanglement measurement with all photon phases tuned simultaneously, showing clear four-photon quantum interference with a visibility of 89%.”
Citations
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Cited by
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On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control
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RF Photonics: An Optical Microcombs’ Perspective
Wu, J., Xu, X., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/jstqe.2018.2805814 · Cited by 624
“Its success as a nonlinear optics platform [30], [41], [52], [73], [101], [102] can be attributed to its ultralow linear loss (∼5 − 7 dB·m−1), a sufficiently high nonlinear parameter (∼ 233 W−1·km−1 , 200 times that of standard single-mode telecommunication fibres), and in”
BackgroundSelf-citationHigh-dimensional one-way quantum processing implemented on d-level cluster states
Reimer, C., Sciara, S., Roztocki, P., Islam, M., Romero Cortés, L., Zhang, Y., Fischer, B., Loranger, S., Kashyap, R., Cino, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0347-x · Cited by 617
Self-citationGraphene oxide for photonics, electronics and optoelectronics
Wu, J., Lin, H., Moss, D., Loh, K. P., & Jia, B. (2023) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-022-00458-7 · Cited by 669
Self-citationBroadband RF Channelizer Based on an Integrated Optical Frequency Kerr Comb Source
Xu, X., Wu, J., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2018) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2018.2819172 · Cited by 507
“Integrated micro-comb sources [27-31], particularly those based on CMOS-compatible platforms [32-40], offer many advantages for broadband RF channelizers compared with conventional multi-wavelength sources,”
BackgroundSelf-citationPassively mode-locked laser with an ultra-narrow spectral width
Kues, M., Reimer, C., Wetzel, B., et al. (2017) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.271 · Cited by 491
Self-citationAdvanced Adaptive Photonic RF Filters with 80 Taps Based on an Integrated Optical Micro-Comb Source
Xu, X., Tan, M., Wu, J., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2019) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2019.2892158 · Cited by 481
“Many breakthroughs have since been reported including mode-locked lasers [76-79], quantum physics [80-86], optical frequency synthesis [87],”
BackgroundSelf-citationUltra-dense optical data transmission over standard fibre with a single chip source
Corcoran, B., Tan, M., Xu, X., Boes, A., Wu, J., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16265-x · Cited by 469
Self-citationLaser cavity-soliton microcombs
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Self-citationMonolithic lithium niobate photonic circuits for Kerr frequency comb generation and modulation
Wang, C., Zhang, M., Yu, M., Zhu, R., Hu, H., & Loncar, M. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08969-6 · Cited by 452
Broadband Photonic RF Channelizer With 92 Channels Based on a Soliton Crystal Microcomb
Xu, X., Tan, M., Wu, J., Boes, A., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2020) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2020.2997699 · Cited by 420
Self-citationPhotonic RF and microwave filters based on 49 GHz and 200 GHz Kerr microcombs
Tan, M., Xu, X., Wu, J., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2020) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125563 · Cited by 407
“Many cutting-edge applications have been demonstrated based on CMOS-compatible micro-combs, ranging from filter-driven mode-locked lasers [49-52] to quantum physics [53-58].”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntegrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics
Caspani, L., Xiong, C., Eggleton, B. J., Bajoni, D., Liscidini, M., Galli, M., Morandotti, R., & Moss, D. (2017) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.100 · Cited by 366
Self-citationGraphene Oxide for Integrated Photonics and Flat Optics
Wu, J., Jia, L., Zhang, Y., Qu, Y., Jia, B., & Moss, D. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202006415 · Cited by 393
Self-citationRF and microwave photonic temporal signal processing with Kerr micro-combs
Tan, M., Xu, X., Wu, J., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2020) · Advances in Physics X · doi:10.1080/23746149.2020.1838946 · Cited by 402
“from innovative mode-locked lasers [49-52] to quantum optical photonic chips [53-61], ultrahigh bandwidth optical fiber data transmission [62-64], optical neural networks [65-67], integrated optical frequency synthesizers [68].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTopological protection of biphoton states
Blanco-Redondo, A., Bell, B., Oren, D., Eggleton, B. J., & Segev, M. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau4296 · Cited by 322
“These findings lead to many new avenues in conjunction with boson sampling (24,25), quantum simulations (26,27), quantum computing (9), and a variety of exciting new possibilities related to the evolution of quantum states in photonic structures (28).”
BackgroundChip-to-chip quantum teleportation and multi-photon entanglement in silicon
Llewellyn, D., Ding, Y., Faruque, I. I., Paesani, S., Bacco, D., Santagati, R., Qian, Y.-J., Li, Y., Xiao, Y.-F., Huber, M., et al. (2020) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0727-x · Cited by 331
Practical system for the generation of pulsed quantum frequency combs
Roztocki, P., Kues, M., Reimer, C., Wetzel, B., Sciara, S., Zhang, Y. Y., Cino, A. C., Little, B. E., Chu, S. T., Moss, D., et al. (2017) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.25.018940 · Cited by 328
Self-citation2D Layered Graphene Oxide Films Integrated with Micro‐Ring Resonators for Enhanced Nonlinear Optics
Wu, J., Yang, Y., Qu, Y., Jia, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, X., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Jia, B., et al. (2020) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201906563 · Cited by 350
Self-citationApplications of optical microcombs
Sun, Y., Wu, J., Tan, M., Xu, X., Li, Y., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. (2022) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.470264 · Cited by 349
Self-citationInvited Article: Enhanced four-wave mixing in waveguides integrated with graphene oxide
Yang, Y., Wu, J., Xu, X., Liang, Y., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Jia, B., & Moss, D. (2018) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5045509 · Cited by 335
Self-citationFrequency-encoded photonic qubits for scalable quantum information processing
Lukens, J. M., & Lougovski, P. (2017) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.4.000008 · Cited by 312
“The required ancillas are generated by spontaneous fourwave mixing in a resonator [54, 55], followed frequencyresolved detection (“Ancilla Preparation”).”
Qu, Y., Wu, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liang, Y., Dirani, H. E., Crochemore, R., Demongodin, P., Sciancalepore, C., Grillet, C., et al. (2020) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202001048 · Cited by 310
“As a fundamental (3) process, FWM has found a wide range of applications in wavelength conversion [6, 7] , optical frequency comb generation [18, 19], optical sampling [20, 21], quantum entanglement [22, 23] and many others [24, 25].”
Self-citationLaser cavity-soliton microcombs
Bao, H., Cooper, A., Rowley, M., Lauro, L. D., Gongora, J. S. T., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Oppo, G.-L., Morandotti, R., Moss, D. J., et al. (2019) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0379-5 · Cited by 621
Self-citationPhotonic radio frequency channelizers based on Kerr optical micro-combs
Tan, M., Xu, X., Wu, J., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., & Moss, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Semiconductors · doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/4/041302 · Cited by 311
“Many breakthroughs have been reported with Kerr micro-combs, from innovative mode-locked lasers [49-52] to quantum optical photonic chips [53-61], ultrahigh bandwidth optical fiber data transmission [62-64], optical neural networks [65-67], integrated optical frequency synthesizers [68] and more, and have been extensi…”
Self-citationOrthogonally polarized RF optical single sideband generation with integrated ring resonators
Tan, M., Xu, X., Wu, J., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Mitchell, A., Morandotti, R., & Moss, D. (2021) · Journal of Semiconductors · doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/4/041305 · Cited by 294
Self-citationZhang, Y. Y., Kues, M., Roztocki, P., Reimer, C., Fischer, B., MacLellan, B., Bisianov, A., Peschel, U., Little, B. E., Chu, S. T., et al. (2020) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202000128 · Cited by 269
Self-citationExtending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths
Tran, M. A., Zhang, C., Morin, T. J., Chang, L., Barik, S., Yuan, Z., Lee, W., Kim, G., Malik, A., Zhang, Z., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05119-9 · Cited by 238
Integral order photonic RF signal processors based on a soliton crystal micro-comb source
Tan, M., Xu, X., Wu, J., Corcoran, B., Boes, A., Nguyen, T. G., Chu, S. T., Little, B. E., Morandotti, R., Mitchell, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ac2eab · Cited by 269
“communications [77-79], neural networks [80-82], complex quantum state generation [83-97] and much more.”
Self-citationOoi, K. J. A., Ng, D. K. T., Wang, T., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13878 · Cited by 208
On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits
Elshaari, A. W., Zadeh, I. E., Fognini, A., Reimer, M. E., Dalacu, D., Poole, P. J., Zwiller, V., & Jöns, K. D. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00486-8 · Cited by 207
Roadmap on all-optical processing
Minzioni, P., Lacava, C., Tanabe, T., Dong, J., Hu, X., Csaba, G., Porod, W., Singh, G. K., Willner, A. E., Almaiman, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ab0e66 · Cited by 208
Roadmap on spatiotemporal light fields
Shen, Y., Zhan, Q., Wright, L. G., Christodoulides, D. N., Wise, F. W., Willner, A. E., Zou, K., Zhao, Z., Porras, M. A., Chong, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ace4dc · Cited by 203
“Nevertheless, up to d = 100 dimensions has been controlled with one DoF [6] and up to ten photons in two DoFs [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, Y., Wu, J., Qu, Y., Jia, L., Jia, B., & Moss, D. (2021) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3069733 · Cited by 276
“Note that the difference induced by L0 gets smaller for lower propagation loss of the bare waveguides, being much lower for Hydex and SiN waveguides [83, 97] versus SOI nanowires studied here.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationQu, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Liang, Y., Jia, B., & Moss, D. (2021) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3059721 · Cited by 241
Self-citationQuantum optics of soliton microcombs
Guidry, M. A., Lukin, D. M., Yang, K. Y., Trivedi, R., & Vučković, J. (2021) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-021-00901-z · Cited by 204
Complex Quantum State Generation and Coherent Control Based on Integrated Frequency Combs
Roztocki, P., Sciara, S., Reimer, C., Cortés, L. R., Zhang, Y. Y., Wetzel, B., Islam, M., Fischer, B., Cino, A. C., Chu, S. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2018.2880934 · Cited by 188
“cross-polarized photon pairs [32], entangled photon pairs [9], [23], [33], multi-photon states [9], and frequency-bin entangled states [10], [11], [34].”
BackgroundSelf-citationImany, P., Jaramillo-Villegas, J. A., Odele, O. D., Han, K., Leaird, D. E., Lukens, J. M., Lougovski, P., Qi, M., & Weiner, A. M. (2018) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.26.001825 · Cited by 185
Lu, H., Lukens, J. M., Peters, N. A., Odele, O. D., Leaird, D. E., Weiner, A. M., & Lougovski, P. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.030502 · Cited by 180
Graphene Oxide for Nonlinear Integrated Photonics
Zhang, Y., Wu, J., Jia, L., Qu, Y., Yang, Y., Jia, B., & Moss, D. (2023) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202200512 · Cited by 234
Self-citationMaterial platforms for integrated quantum photonics
Bogdanov, S., Shalaginov, M. Y., Boltasseva, A., & Shalaev, V. M. (2017) · Optical Materials Express · doi:10.1364/ome.7.000111 · Cited by 176
Forbes, A., & Nape, I. (2019) · AVS Quantum Science · doi:10.1116/1.5112027 · Cited by 170
Nonlinear and quantum photonics using integrated optical materials
Dutt, A., Mohanty, A., Gaeta, A. L., & Lipson, M. F. (2024) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-024-00668-z · Cited by 206
“Such quantum combs 288 have demonstrated time-bin entanglement and high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement in a single spatial mode, using Hydex microrings 23,24,288,289 , Si 3 N 4 microrings 274 , PPKTP waveguides 290 , LN microrings 291 and silicon microdisks 292 .”
Rao, A., Abdelsalam, K., Sjaardema, T., Honardoost, A., Camacho-González, G. F., & Fathpour, S. (2019) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.27.025920 · Cited by 169
A squeezed quantum microcomb on a chip
Yang, Z., Jahanbozorgi, M., Jeong, D., Sun, S., Pfister, O., Lee, H., & Yi, X. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25054-z · Cited by 185
Sagnac interference in integrated photonics
Arianfard, H., Juodkazis, S., Moss, D., & Wu, J. (2023) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0123236 · Cited by 204
Self-citationLuo, R., Jiang, H., Rogers, S. D., Liang, H., He, Y., & Lin, Q. (2017) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.25.024531 · Cited by 167
Advances in soliton microcomb generation
Wang, W., Wang, L., & Zhang, W. (2020) · Advanced Photonics · doi:10.1117/1.ap.2.3.034001 · Cited by 175
“glass microring resonator via a high-efficiency spontaneous FWM effect at a relatively low pump power.(137) Based on the quantum microcomb technique, more breakthroughs have been achieved, including the first integrated multiphoton entanglement(137) and high-dimensional entangled quantum states.”
BackgroundImany, P., Jaramillo-Villegas, Odele, O. D., Han, K., Leaird, D. E., Lukens, J. M., Lougovski, P., Qi, M., & Weiner, A. M. (2018) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · Cited by 168
Spontaneous photon-pair generation from a dielectric nanoantenna
Marino, G., Solntsev, A. S., Xu, L., Gili, V. F., Carletti, L., Poddubny, A. N., Rahmani, M., Smirnova, D. A., Chen, H., Lemaître, A., et al. (2019) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.6.001416 · Cited by 168
High-dimensional optical quantum logic in large operational spaces
Imany, P., Jaramillo-Villegas, J. A., Alshaykh, M. S., Lukens, J. M., Odele, O. D., Moore, A. J., Leaird, D. E., Qi, M., & Weiner, A. M. (2019) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-019-0173-8 · Cited by 169
Generation and Processing of Complex Photon States With Quantum Frequency Combs
Sciara, S., Roztocki, P., Rimoldi, C., Chemnitz, M., Fischer, B., Cortés, L. R., Munro, W. J., Moss, D., Caspani, L., Reimer, C., et al. (2019) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2019.2944564 · Cited by 192
“The basis for such a realization was a two-photon state generated through SFWM over a QFC covering the telecom C-band [9] and exhibiting simultaneous entanglement (i.e. hyper-entanglement) [48], [49] in time [8], [9] and frequency [10], [11], which can be treated as independent DOFs since the…”
InfluentialSelf-citationSun, T., Li, Y., Ho, V. W. L., Zhu, Q., Chen, X., Jin, L., Zhu, H., Huang, B., Lin, J., Little, B. E., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09850-2 · Cited by 154
Self-citationIntegrated Electro-Optics on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
Hu, Y., Zhu, D., Lu, S., Zhu, X., Song, Y., Renaud, D., Assumpcao, D., Cheng, R., Xin, C. J., Yeh, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-025-00825-5 · Cited by 162
“The essential component of TFLN electro-optics is the high-performance EO modulator: it allows electronic control of all degrees of freedom of light, including amplitude 1,5 , phase 48 , frequency 3 , and polarization state 49 , as well as its temporal 50 and spatial profile 51 .”
Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities of 2D Materials at Telecommunications Wavelengths
Jia, L., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Qu, Y., Jia, B., & Moss, D. (2023) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi14020307 · Cited by 197
Self-citationFrequency multiplexing for quasi-deterministic heralded single-photon sources
Joshi, C., Farsi, A., Clemmen, S., Ramelow, S., & Gaeta, A. L. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03254-4 · Cited by 157
Three Waveguide Coupled Sagnac Loop Reflectors for Advanced Spectral Engineering
Arianfard, H., Wu, J., Juodkazis, S., & Moss, D. (2021) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3066256 · Cited by 164
Self-citationQuantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits
Lu, H., Lukens, J. M., Peters, N. A., Williams, B. P., Weiner, A. M., & Lougovski, P. (2018) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.5.001455 · Cited by 129
Spontaneous Parametric Down‐Conversion Sources for Multiphoton Experiments
Zhang, C., Huang, Y., Liu, B., Li, C., & Guo, G. (2021) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202000132 · Cited by 139
Sub-1 Volt and high-bandwidth visible to near-infrared electro-optic modulators
Renaud, D. L., Assumpção, D., Joe, G., Shams‐Ansari, A., Zhu, D., Hu, Y., Sinclair, N. E., & Lončar, M. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36870-w · Cited by 143
“Concerning quantum applications, VNIR photonics enables photon routing [17, 18], spectral shifting for interfacing disparate quantum emitters [11, 19], or realizing higher-dimensional encoded quantum states [20, 21], all in a scalable and compact approach.”
BackgroundPhotonic integration for UV to IR applications
Blumenthal, D. J. (2020) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5131683 · Cited by 121
“Optical quantum frequency combs [87-90], or ‘quantum combs’, are the single photon counterpart to classical OFCs.”
BackgroundIntegrated photon-pair sources with nonlinear optics
Wang, Y., Jöns, K. D., & Sun, Z. (2021) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0030258 · Cited by 130
Fully on-chip photonic turnkey quantum source for entangled qubit/qudit state generation
Mahmudlu, H., Johanning, R., van Rees, A., Kashi, A. K., Epping, J. P., Haldar, R., Boller, K. J., & Kues, M. (2023) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01193-1 · Cited by 132
Self-citationFrequency-bin photonic quantum information
Lu, H., Liscidini, M., Gaeta, A. L., Weiner, A. M., & Lukens, J. M. (2023) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.506096 · Cited by 127
Borghi, M., Castellan, C., Signorini, S., Trenti, A., & Pavesi, L. (2017) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/aa7a6d · Cited by 119
High-performance quantum entanglement generation via cascaded second-order nonlinear processes
Zhang, Z., Yuan, C., Shen, S. Q., Yu, H., Zhang, R., Wang, H., Li, H., Wang, Y., Deng, G., Wang, Z., et al. (2021) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-021-00462-7 · Cited by 116
Wavevector multiplexed atomic quantum memory via spatially-resolved single-photon detection
Parniak, M. P., Dąbrowski, M., Mazelanik, M., Leszczyński, A., Lipka, M., & Wasilewski, W. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02366-7 · Cited by 109
Nonlinear multimode photonics: nonlinear optics with many degrees of freedom
Wright, L. G., Renninger, W. H., Christodoulides, D. N., & Wise, F. W. (2022) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.461981 · Cited by 112
Quantum machine learning: from physics to software engineering
Melnikov, A. A., Kordzanganeh, M., Alodjants, A. P., & Lee, R. (2023) · Advances in Physics X · doi:10.1080/23746149.2023.2165452 · Cited by 125
Sciara, S., Roztocki, P., Fischer, B., Reimer, C., Cortés, L. R., Munro, W. J., Moss, D., Cino, A. C., Caspani, L., Kues, M., et al. (2021) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0510 · Cited by 126
Self-citationSpectral Shaping Based on Coupled Sagnac Loop Reflectors Formed by a Self-Coupled Wire Waveguide
Arianfard, H., Wu, J., Juodkazis, S., & Moss, D. (2021) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2021.3088089 · Cited by 119
“74] and integrated quantum optics [75-89] where advanced optical filter shapes are extremely useful.”
BackgroundSelf-citationEntanglement-based quantum information technology: a tutorial
Zhang, Z., You, C., Magaña‐Loaiza, O. S., Fickler, R., León‐Montiel, R. D. J., Torres, J. P., Humble, T. S., Liu, S., Xia, Y., & Zhuang, Q. (2024) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.497143 · Cited by 106
Spectral Shearing of Quantum Light Pulses by Electro-Optic Phase Modulation
Wright, L. J., Karpiński, M., Söller, C., & Smith, B. J. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.023601 · Cited by 94
Jaramillo-Villegas, J. A., Imany, P., Odele, O. D., Leaird, D. E., Ou, Z. Y., Qi, M., & Weiner, A. M. (2017) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.4.000655 · Cited by 93
“ntangled photons generated using bulk optics. However, on-chip entangled photon pair generation provides a suitable platform because of its reduced cost and compatibility with semiconductor foundries [11, 12, 13]. Here, we begin exploring the time-frequency signatures of on-chip biphoton frequency combs. For the first…”
BackgroundInfluentialA controlled-NOT gate for frequency-bin qubits
Lu, H.-H., Lukens, J. M., Williams, B. P., Imany, P., Peters, N. A., Weiner, A. M., & Lougovski, P. (2019) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-019-0137-z · Cited by 89
Quantum indistinguishability by path identity and with undetected photons
Hochrainer, A., Lahiri, M., Erhard, M., Krenn, M., & Zeilinger, A. (2022) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.94.025007 · Cited by 92
“[110] Christian Reimer, Michael Kues, Piotr Roztocki, Benjamin Wetzel, Fabio Grazioso, Brent E Little, Sai T Chu, Tudor Johnston, Yaron Bromberg, Lucia Caspani, et al.”
BackgroundCoupling Ideality of Integrated Planar High- Q Microresonators
Pfeiffer, M. H. P., Liu, J., Geiselmann, M., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.7.024026 · Cited by 88
Roadmap on multimode light shaping
Piccardo, M., Ginis, V., Forbes, A., Mahler, S., Friesem, A. A., Davidson, N., Ren, H., Dorrah, A. H., Capasso, F., Dullo, F. T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ac3a9d · Cited by 89
“Together with manipulation elements in the frequency-domain, such as electro-optic modulators for frequency superpositions and programmable optical filters for phase amplitude control, these quantum frequency comb systems are capable of creating and transforming multiphoton (currently 4 photons) [94], high-dimensional…”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntegrated Neuromorphic Photonics: Synapses, Neurons, and Neural Networks
Guo, X., Xiang, J., Zhang, Y., & Su, Y. (2021) · Advanced Photonics Research · doi:10.1002/adpr.202000212 · Cited by 89
Photo-Thermal Tuning of Graphene Oxide Coated Integrated Optical Waveguides
Qu, Y., Yang, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Dirani, H. E., Crochemore, R., Sciancalepore, C., Demongodin, P., Grillet, C., et al. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13081194 · Cited by 134
Self-citationOn-chip transverse-mode entangled photon pair source
Feng, L.-T., Zhang, M., Xiong, X., Chen, Y., Wu, H., Li, M., Guo, G.-P., Guo, G.-C., Daoxin Dai, A., & Ren, X.-F. (2018) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-018-0121-z · Cited by 83
Tomography and Purification of the Temporal-Mode Structure of Quantum Light
Ansari, V., Donohue, J. M., Allgaier, M., Sansoni, L., Brecht, B., Roslund, J., Treps, N., Harder, G., & Silberhorn, C. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.213601 · Cited by 90
High capacity topological coding based on nested vortex knots and links
Kong, L., Zhang, W., Li, P., Guo, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Zhao, J., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30381-w · Cited by 84
Quantum key distribution implemented with d-level time-bin entangled photons
Yu, H., Sciara, S., Chemnitz, M., Montaut, N., Crockett, B., Fischer, B., Helsten, R., Wetzel, B., Goebel, T. A., Krämer, R. G., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55345-0 · Cited by 117
“Speci fi cally, we achieved a quantum information density of 4 18,19,40,41 yield a quantum information density as low as 0.004 for the 4-level state 40 and 0.009 for the 8-level state 41 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationMazeas, F., Traetta, M., Bentivegna, M., Kaiser, F., Aktas, D., Zhang, W., Ramos, C. A., Ngah, L. A., Lunghi, T., Picholle, É., et al. (2016) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.24.028731 · Cited by 93
“We anticipate the extension of our EPPS over the entire telecom C-band, relying on broadband phase matching condition engineering, as it has recently been demonstrated in a different technology platform [18].”
BackgroundMethodChang, K.-C., Cheng, X., Sarihan, M. C., Vinod, A. K., Lee, Y. S., Zhong, T., Gong, Y.-X., Xie, Z., Shapiro, J. H., Wong, F. N. C., et al. (2021) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-021-00388-0 · Cited by 80
Realizing an Entanglement-Based Multiuser Quantum Network with Integrated Photonics
Wen, W., Chen, Z., Lu, L., Yan, W., Xue, W., Zhang, P., Lu, Y., Zhu, S. N., & Ma, X. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.024059 · Cited by 82
“The discrete frequency modes generated from the resonators can easily extend the dimensionality of the system without significant overhead [9, 10, 33, 34].”
BackgroundThree-dimensional entanglement on a silicon chip
Lu, L., Xia, L., Chen, Z., Chen, L., Yu, T., Tao, T., Ma, W., Pan, Y., Cai, X., Lu, Y., et al. (2020) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-020-0260-x · Cited by 77
Path-entangled photon sources on nonlinear chips
Solntsev, A. S., & Sukhorukov, A. A. (2016) · Reviews in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.revip.2016.11.003 · Cited by 78
“Time-bin entanglement [32], time-energy entanglement [33] and spectral entanglement [34] present other promising approaches to on-chip integration of quantum optical sources, providing more degrees of freedom in which photons can be entangled.”
BackgroundGeneration of Optical Frequency Comb via Giant Optomechanical Oscillation
Hu, Y., Ding, S., Qin, Y., Gu, J., Wan, W., Xiao, M., & Jiang, X. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.134301 · Cited by 73
High-rate photon pairs and sequential Time-Bin entanglement with Si3N4 microring resonators
Samara, F., Martin, A., Autebert, C., Karpov, M., Kippenberg, T. J., Zbinden, H., & Thew, R. (2019) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.27.019309 · Cited by 72
Mazeas, F., Traetta, M., Bentivegna, M., et al. (2016) · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · Cited by 72
High-Dimensional Two-Photon Interference Effects in Spatial Modes
Hiekkamäki, M., & Fickler, R. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.123601 · Cited by 70
“[15] Christian Reimer, Michael Kues, Piotr Roztocki, Benjamin Wetzel, Fabio Grazioso, Brent E Little, Sai T Chu, Tudor Johnston, Yaron Bromberg, Lucia Caspani, et al.”
BackgroundGeneration of multiphoton quantum states on silicon
Zhang, M., Feng, L.-T., Zhou, Z.-Y., Chen, Y., Wu, H., Li, M., Gao, S.-M., Guo, G.-P., Guo, G.-C., Dai, D.-X., et al. (2019) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-019-0153-y · Cited by 68
Beyond photon pairs—nonlinear quantum photonics in the high-gain regime: a tutorial
Quesada, N., Helt, L. G., Menotti, M., Liscidini, M., & Sipe, J. E. (2022) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.445496 · Cited by 74
On-Chip Multiplexed Multiple Entanglement Sources in a Single Silicon Nanowire
Li, Y.-H., Zhou, Z.-Y., Feng, L.-T., Fang, W.-T., Liu, S.-L., Liu, S.-K., Wang, K., Ren, X.-F., Ding, D.-S., Xu, L.-X., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.7.064005 · Cited by 64
“By comparing the present entangled sources based on single silicon nanowire with micro-cavity-based photon entangled sources [9, 10, 15], the quality of entanglement measured from the visibility of interference fringes are nearly the same.”
BackgroundMethodQuantum entanglement on photonic chips: a review
Chen, X., Fu, Z., Gong, Q., & Wang, J. (2021) · Advanced Photonics · doi:10.1117/1.ap.3.6.064002 · Cited by 69
Xavier, J., Yu, D., Jones, C., Zossimova, E., & Vollmer, F. (2021) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0593 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Reimer, C., Kues, M., Roztocki, P., Wetzel, B., Grazioso, F., Little, B. E., Chu, S. T., Johnston, T., Bromberg, Y., Caspani, L., Moss, D. J., & Morandotti, R.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (CA)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Yale University (US)
- RMIT University (AU)
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Reimer, Christian
- Kues, Michael
- Moss, David J.
- Morandotti, Roberto
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2016-03-11
- Volume
- 351
- Issue
- 6278
- Pages
- 1176-1180
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2316306129
- Semantic Scholar
- d26c9cf67937ee49f2c33eb30077a9a0e6eebcc3
- Cited by
- 841
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 16
- FWCI
- 48.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- repo.uni-hannover.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover (Leibniz Universität Hannover) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Repository of Xi'an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xian Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Australian Research Council
- FRQNT (Fonds de Recherche du Quebec–Nature et Technologies)
- Research Executive Agency (REA) (625466)
- REA (627478)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- multi-photon entanglement, entangled qubits, photon pair generation, integrated photonics, quantum communication, quantum computing, quantum memory
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