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Quantum mechanics with patterns of light: Progress in high dimensional and multidimensional entanglement with structured light

Forbes, Andrew, Nape, Isaac·2019·AVS Quantum Science

Abstract

Quantum mechanics is now a mature topic dating back more than a century. During its scientific development, it fostered many technological advances that now are integrated into our everyday lives. More recently, over the past few decades, the authors have seen the emergence of a second quantum revolution, ushering in control of quantum states. Here, the spatial modes of light, “patterns of light,” hold tremendous potential: light is weakly interacting and so an attractive avenue for exploring entanglement preservation in open systems, while spatial modes of light offer a route to high dimensional Hilbert spaces for larger encoding alphabets, promising higher information capacity per photon, better security, and enhanced robustness to noise. Yet, progress in harnessing high dimensional spatial mode entanglement remains in its infancy. Here, the authors review the recent progress in this regard, outlining the core concepts in a tutorial manner before delving into the advances made in creation, manipulation, and detection of such quantum states. The authors cover advances in using orbital angular momentum as well as vectorial states that are hybrid entangled, combining spatial modes with polarization to form an infinite set of two-dimensional spaces: multidimensional entanglement. The authors highlight the exciting work in pushing the boundaries in both the dimension and the photon number, before finally summarizing the open challenges, and the questions that remain unanswered.

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Crossref · 10.1116/1.5112027

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  • Magnification of the beam incident on the nonlinear crystal is required to flatten the spiral bandwidth of the crystal, thereby allowing access to higher-order OAM modes.

    “Magnfication of the beam incident on the NC is required to flatten the spiral bandwidth of the NC thereby allowing access to higher order Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes [44,45].”

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Metadata

Authors
Forbes, A., & Nape, I.
Venue
AVS Quantum Science
Published
2019-10-29
Volume
1
Issue
1
ISSN
2639-0213
Cited by
170
References
26
Language
en

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