The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations
Open accessAbstract
Quantifying hunting-induced defaunation: As the human population grows and increasingly encroaches on remaining wildlife habitat, hunting threatens many species. Benítez-López et al. conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of hunting trends and impacts across the tropics (see the Perspective by Brashares and Gaynor). Bird and mammal populations were considerably lower in areas where hunting occurred. Although commercial hunting and proximity to roads and urban centers were the most damaging factors, all hunting had worrying impacts, even in protected areas. Protection and alternative approaches for sustainable subsistence hunting must be implemented soon if we are to prevent further, rapid defaunation. Science , this issue p. 180 ; see also p. 136
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.
Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology
Hedges, L. V., Gurevitch, J., & Curtis, P. S. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:tmaorr]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 4,704
Defaunation in the Anthropocene
Dirzo, R., Young, H. S., Galetti, M., Ceballos, G., Isaac, N. J. B., & Collen, B. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251817 · Cited by 4,474 · cited 1×
“reaching cascading effects, including disruptions in seed dispersal mutualisms and a decline in total biomass (9, 10).”
BackgroundThe Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology
Harvey, P. H., & Pagel, M. D. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198546412.001.0001 · Cited by 4,337
Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction
Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P. R., Barnosky, A. D., García, A., Pringle, R. M., & Palmer, T. M. (2015) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400253 · Cited by 4,220
Status and Ecological Effects of the World’s Largest Carnivores
Ripple, W. J., Estes, J. A., Beschta, R. L., Wilmers, C. C., Ritchie, E. G., Hebblewhite, M., Berger, J., Elmhagen, B., Letnic, M., Nelson, M. P., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241484 · Cited by 3,667
Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity
Gibson, L., Lee, T. M., Koh, L. P., Brook, B. W., Gardner, T. A., Barlow, J., Peres, C. A., Bradshaw, C. J. A., Laurance, W. F., Lovejoy, T. E., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10425 · Cited by 2,147
Wilman, H., Belmaker, J., Simpson, J., de la Rosa, C., Rivadeneira, M. M., & Jetz, W. (2014) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/13-1917.1 · Cited by 1,994
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 123 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 31
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University International Food Policy Research Institute - IFPRI The World Bank Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical - CIAT [Title] Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) version 1 : Population Density Grid Palisades NY 2011]. 10.7927/H4R20Z93 · DOI
- IUCN UNEP-WCMC The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) (UNEP-WCMC Cambridge 2016); https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/our-work/world-database-protected-areas.
- M. B. Bracken in Effective Care of the Newborn Infant J. C. Sinclair M. B. Bracken Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press Oxford 1992) pp. 13–20.
- A. J. Begazo thesis University of Florida Gainesville FL (1999).
- Y. Cabassu thesis Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada (2010).
- D. T. Cronin thesis Drexel University Philadelphia PA (2013).
- E. K. D. Seijusa, A. Pradesh, Differential effects of hunting on populations of hornbills and imperial pigeons in the rainforests of the Eastern Indian Himalaya. Indian For. 138, 902–909 (2012).
- A. M. Derby thesis Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY (2008).
- D. A. Doherty thesis University of California Davis Davis CA (2005).
- S. R. Espinosa-Andrade thesis University of Florida Gainesville FL (2012).
- H. E. Eves thesis Yale University New Haven CT (2006).
- C. Fimbel B. Curran L. Usongo in Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests J. G. Robinson E. L. Bennett Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press New York 2000) pp. 356–374.
- J. M. Fragoso in Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation J. G. Robinson K. H. Redford Eds. (Chicago Univ. Press Chicago IL 1991) pp. 154–162.
- W. E. Glanz in Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation J. G. Robinson K. H. Redford Eds. (Chicago Univ. Press Chicago IL 1991) pp. 163–173.
- J. Hart in Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests J. G. Robinson E. L. Bennett Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press New York 2000) pp. 106–153.
- P. Henschel thesis University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany (2008).
- S. A. Lahm thesis New York University New York (1993).
- J. M. Linder thesis City University of New York New York NY (2008).
- V. Mena J. Stallings J. Regalado R. Cueva in Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests J. G. Robinson E. L. Bennett Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press New York 2000) pp. 57–78.
- A. J. Noss in Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests (Columbia Univ. Press New York 2000) pp. 282–304.
- A. Noss in Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en Amazonía y Latinoamérica E. Cabrera C. Mercolli R. Resquin Eds. (CITES (Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional) 2000) pp. 535–544.
- A. J. Novack thesis University of Florida Gainesville FL (2003).
- G. Nuñez-Iturri thesis University of Illinois Champaign IL (2007).
- L. M. Paciulli thesis Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY (2004).
- M. V. Pia thesis Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina (2011).
- R. Á. Reyna-Hurtado thesis University of Florida Gainesville FL (2002).
- J. Schmid M. R. Rasoloarison in A Biological Assessment of the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d’Ankarafantsika Madagascar RAP Bull. Biol. Assess. no. 23 L. E. Alonso T. S. Schulenberg S. Radilofe O. Missa Eds. (Conservation International Washington DC 2002) pp. 73–82.
- S. Vinitpornsawan thesis University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA (2013).
- B. C. Wang thesis University of California Los Angeles CA (2008).
- M. Weber thesis Durham University Durham UK (2005).
- D. S. Wilkie thesis University of Massachusetts (1987).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–662 of 662
Bird communities in Southeast Asia are shaped by human pressure more than habitat featuresPreprint
Mitrus, C., Goławski, A., Xayyasith, S., Obłoza, P., & Kasprzykowski, Z. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8484369/v1
Wang, J., Huang, Q., Li, X., Yang, J., Han, Z., Ren, Y., Liu, F., Hu, H., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6138416
Role of transit countries in global illegal wildlife trade
Niu, J., Chen, X., Xu, W., & Liu, J. (2026) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.70226
“This vast amount of illegal activity severely threatens biodiversity (Benitez-Lopez et al., 2017; Hughes et al., 2023; Morton et al., 2021).”
Cost-effective expansion of protected areas reduces global zoonotic risk and biodiversity loss
Yang, L., Xu, Z. H., Chen, T., Fan, Y.-X., Chapman, C. A., Liu, Y., Lee, T.-M., & Fan, P.-F. (2026) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2026.101611
Sun Bear Ecology and Conservation: Multiscale Habitat Associations in Southeast Asia
Hendry, A., Pahuja, H., Amir, Z., Nursamsi, I., Moore, J. H., & Luskin, M. S. (2026) · Integrative Conservation · doi:10.1002/inc3.70071
“The positive associations with humans in both analyses were unexpected because sun bears are poached, and most mega-fauna populations decline near humans (Shepherd and Shepherd 2010; Benítez‐López et al. 2017; Hughes 2017; Ripple et al. 2019; Gomez et al. 2020; Edinur et al. 2022).”
da Silva, C., de Azevedo, C. D., Ruiz-Esparza, J., & de Souza, A. (2026) · Ornithology Research · doi:10.1007/s43388-026-00277-0
“Hunting pressure in the study area (da Silva et al. 2021), as in many parts of tropical regions (Benítez-López et al. 2017; Fa et al. 2022), poses an additional challenge to columbid conservation.”
Teaching the wildlife trade: a social-ecological systems approach
Rivera, C. J., Gunda, S., Kim, E. J., Prosser, D. Y., & Shapiro, M. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s13412-026-01100-4
Kuisma, E., Gottdenker, N. L., & Olson, S. H. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5512-2_31 · Cited by 1
Cui, X., Jiang, Z.-X., Mei, Y., He, T.-T., Tan, X. Y., Lin, A., & Duan, G. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6439405
Luz‐Ricca, E., Swinfield, T., Madhavapeddy, A., & Balmford, A. P. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6451400
Bird defaunation threatens key ecosystem services in the Atlantic Forest
Almeida, A. C., Bogoni, J. A., Jenkins, C. N., & Almeida‐Gomes, M. (2026) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111817
Zamora‐Abrego, J. G., Rodríguez-Torres, J. A., & Acevedo‐Quintero, J. F. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6479960
Prevalence of traded bird species in key biodiversity areas
Morton, O., Lansley, T. P., Butchart, S. H. M., Buchanan, G. M., & Edwards, D. P. (2026) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.70277
“Yet, where offtakes are unsustainable or poorly managed, exploitation can drive steep population declines (Benítez-López et al., 2017; Hughes et al., 2023; Morton et al., 2021).”
InfluentialRoadway seizures reveal widespread illegal wild meat use and faunal downsizing in Brazil
WENDT-OLIVEIRA, J. R., Tagliari, M. M., Bizri, H. R. E., Rivero-Wendt, C. L. G., Guedes, N. M. R., & Bogoni, J. A. (2026) · Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2026.02.014
Leclerc, C. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b904df63z6b64z4ee8za1beze28092d9379f
Cui, X., Jiang, Z.-X., Mei, Y., He, T.-T., Tan, X. Y., Lin, A., & Duan, G. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6612807
Seydou, K., Tovihoudji, P. G., Zakari, S., Yemadje, P. L., Akponikpè, P. B. I., & Bielders, C. L. (2026) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.70378
McFarlane, J. J., Grainger, M., Pfeifer, M., & Mair, L. (2026) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-026-00386-9
“Due to high demand and rapid increase of consumption, hunting has likely become unsustainable in many areas [17, 18].”
Huang, M., He, J., & Sun, W. (2026) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2026.116808
Phylogenetic Patterns in Hunting and Extinction Risk in Primates
Arregoitia, L. D. V., Galán‐Acedo, C., Nekaris, K. A. I., Garber, P. A., Hansen, M. F., Bicca‐Marques, J. C., Svensson, M. S., Nijman, V., Shanee, S., Chaudhary, A., et al. (2026) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/acv.70068
Lynch, M. J., & Genco, L. J. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16091392
The Intertropical and Subtropical Regions
Camacho, L., & Espinosa, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93377-6_18
Subsistence hunting shapes the spatial variation of jaguar densities in community‐managed forests
Perera‐Romero, L., McNab, R. B., Garcia‐Anleu, R., Polisar, J., Sutherland, C. S., & Thornton, D. (2026) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.70126
Characteristics of soil nitrogen supply capacity of farmland in China: A meta-analysis
Lu, J., Qu, Z., Song, X., & Li, M. (2026) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-026-08649-7
“In this study, the log response ratio was used as the effect size (Benítez-López et al. 2017).”
InfluentialA large-scale synthesis reveals that rhizosphere effects enhance soil nitrogen transformations
Zhang, C., Yu, Y., Deng, D., Cai, M., Ndungu, C. N., & liu, W. (2026) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2026.110274
Griffiths, B. M., Lotz-McMillen, J. H., & Mlawski, E. Y. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18115358
Fungal residue dominates soil organic carbon accumulation during vegetation restoration
Zhu, S., Li, J., Wei, Z., Wu, J., Liu, Z., Shangguan, Z., & Deng, L. (2026) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2026.110244
Environmental dependence of livestock grazing effects on plant diversity in grasslands
Li, N., Tang, S., Deng, Y., & Shao, X. (2026) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114968 · Cited by 1
Fontes, B. L., & Bovendorp, R. S. (2026) · Discover Conservation · doi:10.1007/s44353-026-00096-w
“Habitat loss has been linked to spatial isolation and potential genetic consequences for medium and large mammals [79, 84], and hunting and land-use change may further constrain persistence across parts of the range [85, 86].”
Does physical enrichment affect fish brain size?
Wang, D., Hu, H., Deng, W., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Biologia · doi:10.1007/s11756-026-02234-0
“The significance among covariate levels was obtained using the omnibus test (Benítez-López et al. 2017).”
Camera traps and acoustic approaches are needed to monitor Malagasy seed dispersers
Andriamavosoloarisoa, N. N. M., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Hofmeester, T. R., Johnson, S. E., Lauha, P., Lubberink, N. S., Narváez‐Torres, P. R., Raharinjanahary, D., Rajoelison, E. T., Randrianaina, L. A., et al. (2026) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-026-03371-3
“In tropical regions, habitat loss and overexploitation drive defaunation – lead - ing to a loss of important ecosystem functions (Ripple et al. 2016; Benítez-López et al. 2017; Giam 2017; Ingram et al. 2021; Béllo Carvalho et al. 2023).”
Relational structure of illegal wildlife hunting in China: A nationwide hunter–prey network analysis
Luo, Y., Shao, M.-L., Li, Y., Newman, C., Cao, Y., Xiao, X., & Zhou, Z. (2026) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.70373
Blossey, B., Brice, E. M., & Hare, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Conservation Science · doi:10.3389/fcosc.2026.1832225
Anti-environmental political agendas, firearm deregulation and illegal hunting in Brazil
Bizri, H. R. E., Morcatty, T. Q., Oliveira, M. A., Rampini, A. P., Knoop, S., Fa, J. E., Henson, K., Islas, C. A., Massocato, G. F., Desbiez, A. L. J., et al. (2026) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111989
Self-citationNarayanasamy, S. S., Germani, F. D., Riopelle, B., Lam, W. Y., Gopalasamy, R. C., Stephen, A., Mohamad, L., & Pickles, R. S. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Conservation Science · doi:10.3389/fcosc.2026.1858501
Liu, S., Zhao, J., Wang, S., Deng, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Luo, F., & Liu, Y. (2026) · International Soil and Water Conservation Research · doi:10.1016/j.iswcr.2026.100703
Wang, C., Wang, B., Li, Y., Zhou, D., Li, X., Yu, Y., Nan, L. Y. U., 胡雪霞, Zhao, K., Zhu, P., et al. (2026) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2026.151167
Rushlow, J. R., Albers, H. J., Feferholtz, Y., & Latinne, A. (2026) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/743346
Correia, N. D. N. R., Bonifácio, K. M., & Cruz, D. (2026) · Ecoscience · doi:10.1080/11956860.2026.2707723
Soil invertebrates increase soil organic carbon by shifting carbon fractions across China
Sun, H., Meng, T., Yang, J., Zhou, J., Yue, L., Xue, L., WEN, A. M., Tang, Z., & Yang, J. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130691
Mapping hunting probability across the tropics in space and time
Philippe‐Lesaffre, M., Ferreiro‐Arias, I., Brodie, J. F., Schüßler, D., Maeso-Pueyo, L., & Benítez‐López, A. (2026) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-026-01924-6 · Cited by 5
Self-citationExploring hunting dimensions in protected areas of the Dry Chaco region
Bonzi, V. R., Hull, V., Branch, L. C., Kahler, J., & Krauer, J. M. C. (2026) · Journal for Nature Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2026.127410
Hunting birds for food, but not sport, associated with poorer conservation status
Hill, J. E., Kellner, K. F., & Belant, J. L. (2026) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2026.0163
Dog Behavior and Biodiversity Conservation
Walsh, E. A., Contalbrigo, L., Meers, L. L., & Normando, S. (2026) · Advances in Small Animal Care · doi:10.1016/j.yasa.2026.08.003
Silva, J. A. A., da Silva, A. B., Neiva, F. A. D. A., Alves, R. R. N., Gonçalves, R. F., Brandão, B. A., Menezes, I. S., & Souto, W. M. S. (2026) · Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro · doi:10.66104/dh131409
Bueno, S. B., Pita-Barbosa, A., Silva, A. P. R.-D., Villanova, D. B., de Mello, J. C., Lindor, A., Sausen, T. L., & Borella, J. (2026) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.71591
Climate and human impacts on the dietary niche overlap of sympatric livestock and wild ungulates
Ma, X., Zhang, C., Li, Y., Gao, H., & Nie, Y. (2026) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1002/brv.70212
Wang, J., Cui, N., Li, C., Hua, M., Wang, N., Fu, Z., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., & Wen, S. (2026) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110807
Abensur, R., Coutant, O., Gloaguen, P., Gottstein, M., Pelon, C., Guilbert, É., Baltzinger, C., & Forget, P. (2026) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.74374
“This classification is based on a combination of forest accessibility, distance to urban centers, and hunting pressure (Table 1) (Brocardo et al. 2023; Benítez-López et al. 2017).”
Wang, X., Tang, Z., He, Z., Yang, Y.-S., Li, Q., Ghani, M. U., & Chen, L.-F. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131104
Species traits mediate terrestrial mammal density responses to human impacts
Santini, L., Bowler, D. E., Salguero‐Gómez, R., Martins, I. S., Schrodt, F., Frelat, R., Hedde, M., Morueta‐Holme, N., Gaüzère, P., Violle, C., et al. (2026) · Ecography · doi:10.1002/ecog.08694
Morales, A. D., Reyna‐Hurtado, R., Sarmiento, I. P., Hernández‐Sánchez, A., & Huerta-Rodríguez, J. O. (2026) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/19400829261498168
Trade-offs between soil inorganic and organic carbon driven by multiple global environmental changes
Bai, T., Wang, Y., Deng, J., Qiu, Y., Zhang, H., Hall, S. J., Zhang, Y., & Hu, S. (2026) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-026-02135-6
Joshi, B., Vasudev, D., Goswami, V. R., Bryan, B. A., & Nicholson, E. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7641937
Negrín, A. R., Forero-Orduña, A., & Dias, P. A. D. (2026) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-026-03811-8
“…contract and reorganize their movements throughout human-modi-fied landscapes (Tucker et al. 2018) and become more nocturnal near people (Gaynor et al. 2018), and human hunting and encounter risk depress populations and reshape behavior across tropical vertebrates (Benítez-López et al. 2017).”
Fetish markets and feathers: Analyzing a growing threat to biodiversity in Africa
Su, S., Su, T., Kaboumba, L.-E. M., Kourdjouak, Y., Chaffra, A. S., & Arcilla, N. (2026) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.70423
Catching needles in haystacks: a structured search framework to optimise counter-poaching patrols
Lam, W. Y., Phung, C.-C., Lemieux, A. M., Clements, G. R., Booton, M. D., & Pickles, R. S. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Conservation Science · doi:10.3389/fcosc.2026.1942233
Zhang, F., Li, H., & Yue, C. (2026) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115791
Morton, O., Lurgi, M., & Edwards, D. P. (2026) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2026.0578
Metadata
- Authors
- Benítez-López, A., Alkemade, R., Schipper, A. M., Ingram, D. J., Verweij, P. A., Eikelboom, J. A. J., & Huijbregts, M. A. J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, NL-6500 GL, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (NL)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-04-14
- Volume
- 356
- Issue
- 6334
- Pages
- 180-183
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2605583228
- Semantic Scholar
- 47a3f1d848466466f1761bd70a29fd3871091b5e
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 35.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Sussex
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Keywords
- hunting, defaunation, tropical mammals, tropical birds, population decline (ecology), wild meat trade, hunting pressure, protected areas, commercial hunting, biodiversity loss, human accessibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Birds, Human Activities, Mammals, Population Density, Biodiversity, Extinction, Biological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
