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A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock
Open accessAbstract
Making a denser optical lattice clock: Some of today's most advanced clocks are made up of large numbers of atoms lined up in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The numbers improve clock stability, but atomic interactions can limit accuracy. Campbell et al. loaded their fermionic strontium atoms into a 3D optical lattice. The low temperatures and strong interactions ensured that the atoms avoided one another, resulting in a neat pattern where each lattice site was occupied by exactly one atom. This ordering reduced the influence of interactions on the clock's accuracy, whereas the high density of atoms enabled by the 3D geometry improved the precision. Science , this issue p. 90
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“Some recent techniques such as three-dimensional optical lattice clocks [104] allow to greatly improve the integration times necessary to attain some specified accuracy for the clock.”
From Chronometric Geodesy: Methods and Applications (2019) · cites this paper as [104]
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Enhancing single-atom loading in tightly confined dipole traps with an ancillary dipole beam
Chen, G.-J., Wang, Z.-B., Gu, C., Zhao, D. Y., Zhang, J.-Z., Zhang, Y., Dong, C., Huang, K., Guo, G., & Zou, C. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.043105 · Cited by 2
“Such an approach allows capturing a larger number of atoms more easily than dipole trap arrays, which is beneficial for applications where a large number of atoms are needed, such as quantum simulations of many-body physics and optical lattice atomic clocks [37–39].”
Background中国光学十大进展：超冷中性原子光钟及其量子参考体系囚禁方案（特邀）
Yanhua, 周. Z., Chang, H., & Tao, 汪. W. (2024) · Laser & Optoelectronics Progress · doi:10.3788/lop232669 · Cited by 3
Symmetry-Protected Topological Optical Lattice Clock
Xu, T., Chu, A., Kim, K., Thompson, J. K., Ye, J., Esslinger, T., & Rey, A. M. (2025) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/h1nh-thg9 · Cited by 2
Self-citationA frequency to voltage converter with ultra-low residual frequency noise
Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Tai, Z., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1364/cleopr.2018.tu2f.3 · Cited by 2
Meystre, P. (2021) · Graduate texts in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76183-7_10 · Cited by 3
Construction and Application of BeiDou Time System
Dong, S., Wu, W., & Zhang, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9390-7_10 · Cited by 2
Chip-scale Active Optical Clock Scheme
Shang, H., Pan, D., Xie, X., et al. (2020) · Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF) · doi:10.1109/ifcs-isaf41089.2020.9234940 · Cited by 2
“Due to the development of PDH (Pound-Drever-Hall) technique [1], the stability of the optical clock is further improved, making its measurement accuracy reach the level of 10-19 [2].”
MethodMartin Bojowald, A., Brahma, S., Büyükçam, U., et al. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.105009 · Cited by 2
“As an estimate of this uncertainty, we may use the value 5 · 10 given as the accuracy of recent atomic clocks [22], which rely on sharp spectral lines that would be affected by the same uncertainty δL(2) if angular momentum is not sharp.”
MethodUltra Narrow Linewidth Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser Based on Self-injection Locking
Zou, M., Shen, K., Sun, Q., et al. (2022) · IEEE Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC) · doi:10.1109/ogc55558.2022.10050939 · Cited by 2
“However, in the high precision optical measurement field, such as gravitational wave detection([4]), optical atomic clock([5,6]) and optical frequency comb([7]), lower noise, narrower linewidth and stable laser is desirable, so further suppressing the noise and compressing the linewidth of single frequency fiber laser…”
BackgroundLi, Z., Gui, S., Wu, H., Guo, Z., & Zhao, J. (2023) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics10111188 · Cited by 2
Peik, E. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527837427.ch14 · Cited by 4
Jianping, 陈. C., Liu, T., A., R. M. A. R. B. M., & Liang, 胡. H. (2024) · Acta Optica Sinica (Online) · doi:10.3788/aosol240449 · Cited by 1
Construction of a program for physical simulation of cold atom interferometry
Zhao, Y., Zhang, C., Bao, S., et al. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.545401 · Cited by 1
High-precision many-body Ramsey spectroscopy with composite pulses
Pang, Y., Shen, Y., Huang, J., & Lee, C. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.042611 · Cited by 1
Compact auto-locked 795 nm laser using modulation transfer spectroscopy
Miao, J., Chen, J., Sun, H., Yang, Q., Chen, Z., Chen, K., Liu, Z., Chang, P., Pan, D., & Chen, J. (2025) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132639 · Cited by 3
Direct loading of a Sr magneto-optical trap from a thermal atomic beam
Okamoto, N., Sato, T., Aoki, T., & Torii, Y. (2026) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0311769 · Cited by 2
Deng, Z., Xiong, S., Luo, D., Pan, J., Zhao, Z., Hou, L., Xie, G., Zuo, Z., Yu, S., Zhu, Z., et al. (2025) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-025-02404-7 · Cited by 1
Miniaturized 852 nm Cesium Atomic Frequency-Selective Semiconductor Laser
Chen, P., Shan, R., Liu, Z., et al. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15091806 · Cited by 1
Quantum Clock Synchronization Networks: A Survey
Khalid, U., Ulum, M. S., Mujirin, de Abreu, G. T. F., Björnson, E., & Shin, H. (2026) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2026.3694353 · Cited by 2
“This section outlines the fundamental principles of QCS, including the underlying quantum systems, entanglement-based mechanisms, the HOM effect, and core models that define quantum and relativistic limits on achievable timing precision.”
Dynamic control of a narrow-line red magneto-optical trap for strontium atoms under microgravity
Ren, J., Zhou, C., Lu, B., Tan, W., Xia, J., Zhao, G., Zou, H., & Chang, H. (2026) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/5.0346328 · Cited by 1
Testing gravity with atomic quantum sensors on ground and in space
Tino, G. M., Salvi, L., Cacciapuoti, L., D'Amico, G., Hu, L., Jain, M., Poli, N., Rosi, G., & Wang, E. (2018) · SPIE Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1117/12.2317923 · Cited by 2
Photoassociative spectroscopy of Sr87
Hill, J. C., Huie, W., Lunia, P., Whalen, J. D., Kanungo, S. K., Lu, Y., & Killian, T. C. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.103.023111 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of systematic uncertainty for transportable 87Sr optical lattice clock
Kong, D., Guo, F., Li, T., Lu, X.-T., Wang, Y., & Chang, H. (2021) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201204 · Cited by 1
Construction of optical system for an atomic clock-beyond atomic fountain
Xiumei, 王. W., He, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, W., Li, S., Zhu, X., Liu, G., Liu, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.971099 · Cited by 1
“In contrast to the complexity of 2D and 3D optical lattices [23], the 1D optical lattice is formed by two counterpropagating laser beams [24–26], which is uncomplicated and can be integrated with the atomic fountain clock along the direction of gravity by the standing wave.”
Background3D permanent magnetic lattices for ultracold atoms
Ghanbari, S. (2023) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/acfa2e · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, S. L., Hutson, R. B., Marti, G. E., Goban, A., Darkwah Oppong, N., McNally, R. L., Sonderhouse, L., Robinson, J. M., Zhang, W., Bloom, B. J., & Ye, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, S. L.
- Hutson, R. B.
- Ye, J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-10-06
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 6359
- Pages
- 90-94
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2949618864
- Semantic Scholar
- 51b96167c3f995faf85982f7a72342bc0de0c14a
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 24.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (award287270)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (award287271)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (award307994, MURI)
- Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (award287272)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- optical lattice clock, three-dimensional optical lattice, Fermi degeneracy, interatomic interactions, clock stability, atomic density, ultracold atoms
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