The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 6 of the 13 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients
Open accessAbstract
Good bacteria help fight cancer Resident gut bacteria can affect patient responses to cancer immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Jobin). Routy et al. show that antibiotic consumption is associated with poor response to immunotherapeutic PD-1 blockade. They profiled samples from patients with lung and kidney cancers and found that nonresponding patients had low levels of the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila . Oral supplementation of the bacteria to antibiotic-treated mice restored the response to immunotherapy. Matson et al. and Gopalakrishnan et al. studied melanoma patients receiving PD-1 blockade and found a greater abundance of “good” bacteria in the guts of responding patients. Nonresponders had an imbalance in gut flora composition, which correlated with impaired immune cell activity. Thus, maintaining healthy gut flora could help patients combat cancer. Science , this issue p. 91 , p. 104 , p. 97 ; see also p. 32
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
6 of 13 cited sources checked · 6 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Two additional studies have identified an association of the commensal microbiome with anti–PD-1 mAb efficacy in different solid cancers (7,14).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] source
- Supportedcites [14] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening summary and patient-cohort results report an association between gut microbiome composition and response to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma, a solid cancer. This paper supports the claim as one of the two cited studies; it need not establish the findings of the other study. Page numbers are not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To determine whether the difference in tumor control could be attributed to host immunity, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) of ex vivo SIY-stimulated splenocytes was performed and indicated an increased frequency of activated T cells from R microbiota-reconstituted mice 3 weeks after inoculation with B16.SIY melanoma cells (Fig. 3C).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significant association was observed between commensal microbial composition and clinical response.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Together, our data suggest that the composition of the commensal microbiota in patients is associated with therapeutic efficacy of anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After removing OTUs present in less than 10% of the samples, the 16S sequencing revealed 62 OTUs of different abundance in R versus NR [P < 0.05, unadjusted, permutation test with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME)] (table S2).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quantitative PCR results for these 10 species were integrated into a summation quantitative PCR score for each patient, which was significantly higher in responders (P = 0.004) (Fig. 2D).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The human microbiota-colonized mouse groups segregated into two phenotypes with respect to tumor growth rate: (i) a faster growing group and (ii) a slower growing group (Fig. 3A).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A principal component analysis (PCA) of the 63 OTUs revealed separation of R from NR (Fig. 1B).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hierarchical clustering of samples based on relative abundance of these OTUs revealed that most patients were accurately grouped according to clinical response (fig. S2).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the ability of the human microbiota to support improved tumor control in mice usually, but not always, paralleled the clinical response to anti–PD-1 seen in the donor patient.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the microbiota parameters still markedly separated responders and nonresponders.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“prior work in mice has indicated that some commensals have the potential to be immune-inhibitory—for example, through the induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (11,12).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] source
The Abstract reports that indigenous Clostridium species promoted the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the colons of mice. It also describes intestinal Foxp3+ Tregs as immunosuppressive, supporting the claim's qualified description of some commensals as potentially immune-inhibitory. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Supportedcites [12] source
The Abstract reports that colonizing germ-free animals with the commensal B. fragilis induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increases their suppressive capacity. The Discussion links this Treg induction to protection from experimental colitis, supporting the claim's example of immune inhibition in mice. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Tumor-intrinsic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (15) and deletion or mutation of Pten (16) have been shown to lead to deficient T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment and resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Supportedcites [16] source
Citation (16) is attached to the PTEN part of the sentence, not the Wnt/β-catenin part. The Results report that PTEN deletions and loss-of-function mutations are enriched in non-T-cell-inflamed melanomas, that PTEN-loss tumors have less CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and that patients with PTEN-absent tumors had poorer tumor-size responses to anti-PD-1 treatment. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“There were 16 responders (from here on, referred to as R) and 26 nonresponders (NR), yielding a response rate of 38%, which is in line with published clinical data of anti–PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma patients (5, 6).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [5] source
The citing paper reports the 38% rate for its own patients; it cites this source for the comparison with published anti–PD-1 melanoma results. In Results > Clinical Activity, the source reports melanoma response rates of 19–41% across dose levels, a range that includes 38%. Its overall melanoma response rate was 28%, not 38%. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [6] source
The Rates of Response section reports pembrolizumab response rates of 33.7% and 32.9% in patients with advanced melanoma. The citing paper's 38% is its own result; the cited trial supports the comparison to published anti-PD-1 clinical data, not an exact 38% rate. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anti–PD-L1 was markedly efficacious in mice colonized with R microbiota yet completely ineffective in NR-derived mice (Fig. 3F), demonstrating a profound impact of the commensal microbiota on immunotherapy efficacy in vivo.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When plotted against the absolute change in tumor size as assessed with RECIST, a clean correlation was observed so that patients with a ratio over 1.5 all showed clinical response (Fig. 2E).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: OTUs more abundant in responders are beneficial and those more abundant in nonresponders are non-beneficial.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exome sequencing followed by enumeration of nonsynonymous somatic mutations showed a trend of higher frequency in R, as did levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 mRNA (fig. S6, C to E) and enumeration of baseline CD8+ T cells by means of immunohistochemistry (fig. S6F). Although these trends not reaching statistical significance level of 0.05 were likely limited by sample size, the microbiota parameters still”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential species matches were identified for 43 of the original 63 OTUs (table S4).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interrogation of fecal DNA from these mice by means of quantitative PCR recapitulated the results from our analysis of patients. Of the PCR reactions validated in patients, six were observed in re-constituted mice, with the same pattern of enrichment as was seen in patients (Fig. 2G).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two of three mouse cohorts reconstituted with R fecal material had slower baseline tumor growth, and two of the three cohorts reconstituted from NR showed faster baseline tumor growth.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis of the tumor microenvironment also showed a significantly greater number of SIY–specific CD8+ T cells, but not of FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells, in these mice (Fig. 3, D and E), which is consistent with increased priming of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A BLAST search of the 63 OTUs against the NCBI database of bacterial sequences returned for most OTUs multiple species with ≥98% identity (table S3).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that B16.SIY melanoma tumor growth in GF mice was similar to that in specific pathogen–free (SPF) mice (both from Taconic), and colonization of GF mice with feces from Taconic SPF mice did not affect this baseline growth rate (fig. S8).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One Bifidobacteriaceae OTU was significantly more abundant in R, and a second Bifidobacteriaceae OTU (559527) had borderline significance (P = 0.058, unadjusted) and was included in the analyses (total = 63 OTUs).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Groups C and D, which did not show the same pattern of tumor control as the therapeutic outcome in the original human donors, showed a large degree of difference of microbiota composition from the original human donors (fig. S9). In agreement, a binary Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index for each donor/recipient pair was highest, at 0.7, for cohorts C and D versus 0.5 to 0.6 for the rest of the groups”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Akkermansia muciniphila OTU (185186), in line with the study of anti–PD-1 efficacy in epithelial cancers by Routy et al. (7), was detected by means of 16S sequencing in four patients, and all were responders, but statistical analysis of the entire cohort is limited by the number of samples above the detection threshold.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that whereas reconstitution of GF mice with human fecal material often recapitulates the microbial composition and the phenotype of the human donor, in some cases there is a high degree of drift so that some bacteria expand and others contract to a degree that is sufficient to change phenotype.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No major differences in patient characteristics were observed in R versus NR, except a borderline difference in prior (but not current) smoking history (table S1).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Decreased regulatory T cells, increased Batf3 DCs, and augmented TH1responses would all be expected to improve immune-mediated tumor control.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clinical response rate was determined in a blinded manner from biomarker results by using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results suggest a reduced spontaneous immune-mediated tumor control inherent to GF mice, which makes them suitable recipients for human-derived microbiota, with an opportunity to detect improved antitumor immunity depending on microbial composition.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increased frequency of the Batf3-lineage dendritic cells (DCs) and greater T helper cell 1 (TH1) responses were also found with bacteria currently identified to be more abundant in responders (13).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Germline polymorphisms in immune regulatory genes also have the potential to influence the magnitude of spontaneous anti-tumor T cell responses (17).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This list of species is likely an underestimate of the total number of entities showing differential abundance in R versus NR because of the stringency of this composite analysis.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
OTUs more abundant in responders are beneficial and those more abundant in nonresponders are non-beneficial.
“the total numbers of potentially “beneficial” and “non-beneficial” OTUs were scored for each patient (fig. S5), and a ratio was calculated.”
“a ratio of “beneficial” OTUs to “nonbeneficial” OTUs was the strongest predictor of clinical response.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Roseburia have been associated with improved tumor immunotherapy in clinic34–37.”
From Combining gut microbiota modulation and chemotherapy by capecitabine-loaded prebiotic nanoparticle improves colorectal cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Besides, reconstitution of germ-free mice with fecal material from responding patients could lead to improved tumor control, augmented T cell responses, and greater efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.14”
From Gut microbiota and metabolites associate with outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor–treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In human melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy, gut microbiome composition has been significantly associated with clinical response [9–12]”
From Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“antitumor immunity was enhanced in germ-free mice receiving fecal transfer from the responding patients [9, 10].”
From Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The three studies all demonstrated that gut microbiota composition and diversity were predictive of response to ICI immunotherapy [31–33].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“A similar finding was that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from ICI responding patients to germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice could improve tumor control and ameliorate responses to ICI, whereas FMT from non-responders failed to do so [31–33].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, specific gut microbes, such as Bifidobacterium [16, 33, 51, 141], Akkermansia [31, 38], Enterococcus [15, 33, 141], Faecalibacterium [49, 142], and Ruminococcaceae [32], play the role of immune adjuvants in ICI immunotherapy.”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Recently, several studies have indicated that FMT could augment the antitumor effect of ICI and overcome resistance to immunotherapy [31–33].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Intestinal dysbiosis, broadly defined as an imbalance in the composition or function of the gut microbiota, is a significant contributor to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies.1–16,”
From Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies have suggested that the gut microbiome influences the response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in patients with cancer.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“in preclinical models, transplantation of fecal material enriched with Bifidobacterium spp. alone (even without CPIs) was sufficient to delay tumor growth4,5.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The intestinal microbiota has been shown to directly impact on the efficacy of specific cancer immune therapies1–3.”
From Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Multiple landmark studies have identified a role for the gut microbiome in modifying ICI treatment response1,2”
From Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Although multiple studies have reported that a favorable gut microbiome is associated with response to anti–PD-1 in cancer patients, its precise composition is not yet fully understood (10–12).”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“As previously reported1,2, broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly abrogated anti-PD-1-induced tumour reduction”
From Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“administration of certain gut commensals or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes anti–PD-1 efficacy in melanoma-bearing mice (10–12).”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Specifically in melanoma, key bacterial species belonging to various phyla, including Actinobacteria (Bifidobacteriaceae spp. and Coriobacteriaceae spp.) and Firmicutes (Ruminococcaceae spp. and Lachnospiraceae spp.), are associated with favorable response to mAbs targeting PD-1 in cancer patients, although limited concordance among the identified species has been reported in different studies (10”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In mice, composition of the gut microbiome modulates therapeutic activity of anti–PD-1 and anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potent new factor associated with the efficacy of anti–CTLA4, anti–PD-1, and anti–PD-L1 treatment (8-14).”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Multiple analyses of the commensal microbiome from human cohorts treated with immunotherapies targeting PD-1 have revealed that the bacterial genus Enterococcus is enriched in responding patients (12, 13).”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“the detection of potential NlpC/p60 orthologs in other genera such as Lactobacillus (Fig. 2C, Table S5), which has also been identified in immunotherapy-responsive patients (13), may provide additional specific microbiota correlations to predict and improve patient outcomes.”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“consistent with enhanced priming of a tumor antigen-specific immune response (9, 13).”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Gut bacteria modulate the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in cancer”
From Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Over the past decade, following the epidemiological demonstration of the negative effect of antibiotics on the efficacy of ICIs13,42,90, specific microbial taxa have been associated with response or resistance to ICIs across distinct cancer types26,38–40,42,91–100.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“single studies in patients with melanoma receiving ICIs identified an enrichment of species such as F. prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium longum and Bacteroides caccae in samples from patients with a response (‘responders’)38,44,91, although the concordance of these microbiome characteristics with treatment response across studies was low97.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“Studies in mouse models have provided compelling evidence that gut microbiota modifications resulting from faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) improve ICI response rates38,42,91; however, the magnitude of these antitumour responses depends of factors such as the mouse strain or provider, mouse sex and individual experimental conditions106.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“Our meta-analysis of microbial sequencing data from nine independent αPD-1-treated melanoma cohorts82–88 revealed a higher abundance of pfl, a key enzyme in bacterial formate production, linked to ICI efficacy.”
From Exercise-induced microbiota metabolite enhances CD8 T cell antitumor immunity promoting immunotherapy efficacy (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
In the citing paper
“We next tested the generalizability of the balance described in Fig. 2a by computing it for patients from six independent melanoma cohorts5,7–10,12. Despite small sample sizes and large heterogeneity in terms of DNA isolation protocols and sequencing platforms (Supplementary Table 6), this analysis showed that the balance achieves a comparable AUC in several of the independent cohorts (Extended”
From Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The intestinal microbiome has emerged as a tumor-extrinsic predictive biomarker to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)1–6.”
From Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“However, there is limited concordance among species identified across studies, which included small numbers of patients and used different analytical approaches, not always adjusted for multiple testing4,5,12,13.”
From Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Administration of certain gut commensals promotes efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy in mice, providing evidence that microbiota can drive immunotherapy outcomes4–6.”
From Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Several studies, small in size and using variable analytical methods, suggest the gut microbiome may be a novel, modifiable biomarker for tumor response rates, but the specific bacteria or bacterial communities putatively impacting ICI responses have been inconsistent across the studied populations.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Several studies have examined the stool composition of patients on checkpoint blockade with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell cancer (RCC) (5–10). These studies have implicated increased alpha-diversity (8), along with specific members of each of the major bacterial phyla colonizing humans”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“While individually significant, a feature of these studies is that each has largely identified different sets of microbes and, overall, there is a lack of consensus regarding the microbial signals associated with clinical response and/or whether putative microbiota signals are tumor-specific or impacted by other clinical metadata.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“These results indicate that data from our standardized methodology for 16S rRNA amplicon data produces comparable relative abundance profiles, including for high-interest species such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila (Fig S1).”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, the gut microbiota of non-responding patients seemed to be less diverse, with the genera Bacteroides (phylum Bacteroidetes), Ruminococci and Roseburia (both Firmicutes) being prominent.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, B. thetaiotaomicron was reported as enriched in R in the Frankel and Matson cohorts (5,7) whereas, using a consistent re-analysis approach for all cohorts, this species was enriched in NR.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The gut microbiome has been shown to have multiple effects on tumor biology, such as the transformation process, tumor progression, and the response to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy (21-29).”
From The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type–specific intracellular bacteria (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, several bacterial biomarkers have been reported for response to checkpoint inhibitors in non-GI cancer indications (Frankel et al., 2017; Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Matson et al., 2018; Peters et al., 2019; Routy et al., 2018).”
From Gut microbiome stability and dynamics in healthy donors and patients with non-gastrointestinal cancers (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-L1 had higher levels of Bifdobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting the importance of the microbiome [122].”
From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2022) · cites this paper as [122]
In the citing paper
“as the gut and tumour microbiota can affect the survival of patients with cancer and their responses to therapy8,14,40–42,50”
From Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“The role of the gut microbiome in modulating tumor responses to immunotherapy in melanoma [5–7], non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma [6, 8] has received increased attention across a series of studies in recent years.”
From Gut microbiome affects the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Microbial taxa associated with response to ICB in cancer patients differed among different reports (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Matson et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018).”
From Microbiota triggers STING-type I IFN-dependent monocyte reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Specific antitumor effects of microbiota have been associated with changes in T cell activation and/or recruitment into the tumor or tumor-draining lymph nodes (Matson et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018; Shi et al., 2020a; Sivan et al., 2015; Tanoue et al., 2019; Vetizou et al., 2015).”
From Microbiota triggers STING-type I IFN-dependent monocyte reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“These studies suggest that gut bacteria influences the activation of the immune system, promoting cancer-associated inflammation and ultimately affecting tumor responses to therapies.”
From Tumor Microbiome Diversity and Composition Influence Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The key role of the gut microbiota as a host factor mediating tumor responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with melanoma and lung cancers has been recently highlighted”
From Tumor Microbiome Diversity and Composition Influence Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Bifidobacterium-treated mice showed increased IFN-γ production, followed by stronger tumor-specific T cell responses and slower tumor growth [36].”
From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Recolonized germ-free mice with fecal samples from responders or dominant microbiota in responders could improve antitumor effects of ICIs [36, 94].”
From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Responses to ICTs have been correlated with commensal gut flora, and there appear to be substantial differences in the diversity and composition in patients who respond to ICT versus nonresponders (205,206).”
From The Next Decade of Immune Checkpoint Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [205]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, observations in humans and mice of gut microbes that stratify therapy response, particularly immunotherapy (16, 17, 21, 26), have not uncommonly shown varying taxonomic differences that persist despite uniform bioinformatic re-analyses, although there is greater concordance when examining functional profiles (161, 162).”
From The microbiome and human cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The composition of the commensal microbiota in patients is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody.42”
In the citing paper
“Very recent reports highlighted that the composition of gut microbiota may dictate, at least in part, the anticancer activity of ICI.”
From Negative association of antibiotics on clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced renal cell and non-small-cell lung cancer (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The microbiome has been described to majorly impact tumor immunity and response to ICI10–17”
From Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Previously, we demonstrated that differential bacterial signatures comprise the gut microbiome of responders versus non-responders to ICI therapy”
From Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“and additionally showed that modulation of the gut microbiome of germ-free mice via FMT from patients could alter anti-tumor immunity and response to ICI therapy in gnotobiotic mice11–13.”
From Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Given these considerations, it is perhaps even more striking that bacteria generally associated with health (such as Clostridiales, Ruminococcacae, Faecalibacterium spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, B. fragilis,a n dBifidobacteria) (13, 14, 18-20) or immunogenicity (Enterococci, Collinsella, and Alistipes)( 11, 13, 14, 20) were found to be abundant in responding patients.”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“One of the striking findings that distinguishes cancer patient responders from nonresponders after PD-1 blockade immunotherapy is the ratio of putatively favorable to unfavorable bacteria (20).”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Notably, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) o ff e c e sf r o mp a t i e n t s( w h os h o w e dc l i n i c a lr esponse to immune checkpoint blockade) transferred a”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-based sequencing of gene amplicons and shotgun DNA sequencing of patient stool samples have identified subsets of bacteria more abundant in responding versus nonresponding patients.”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“To date, Bifidobacteria spp.(15, 20), Akkermansia muciniphilia (14), E. hirae (16), and Bacteroides spp.(13) have been shown to improve antitumor T cell responses and support better tumor control in vivo.”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Multiple studies have reported significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between responding and non-responding melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 agents (ipilimumab).2,4-8”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that high abundance of Faecalibacterium genus was the strongest signal associated with response to ICI, using either anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.5–7,12,13”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In patients with cancer, specific taxa, including F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila and Bifidobacteria, have been associated with improved clinical responses to ICI.2,6,7”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In this context, the gut microbiota has been involved in response to cancer treatments, and in particular to immunotherapy.2,6,7,32”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“The effects of the gut microbiota on the anti-tumor response has been demonstrated in preclinical models as well as in patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and NSCLC”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The gut and tumor microbiome have been associated with anti-tumor responses and, in some cases, response to immune checkpoint blockade”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Thomas Gajewski in Chicago, Jennifer Wargo at the MD Anderson Cancer Centre, and our laboratory at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre in Paris later published seminal studies in the same 2018 issue of Science, demonstrating direct links between gut microbiota composition and the success of ICB in different cancer populations, including melanoma, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and urothelial and”
From Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies (2025) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“higher abundances of the commensals Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium stimulate a more favorable T cell-mediated response to anti-PD-1 therapy in both preclinical models and patients suffering from metastasized melanoma.190–192”
From Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [190]
In the citing paper
“Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may modulate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.”
From A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome is associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Gut microbes such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium longum have been associated with improved responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)1–3”
From A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome is associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“These microbes were also previously reported to be associated with better response to ICB immunotherapy2,3,38,39.”
From A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome is associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“These effects were mediated by increased densities of CD8+ T-cells and reduced FoxP3+CD4+ Tregs in the tumor microenvironment”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“mice that received responder-stool growing tumors at slower rate and having markedly improved efficacy to anti-PD- L1 immunotherapy when compared to mice that received non-responder stool”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“patients who responded to anti-PD-1 therapy had enrichment of Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens and Enterococcus faecium in baseline fecal samples”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“at lower levels of taxonomy within these phyla these generalizations do not apply, as some taxa within Firmicutes have been associated with a lack of response (Roseburia, Streptococcus)”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Bacteroidetes have also been associated with response (such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Colinsela aerofaciens) and non-response (such as Actinomyces viscosus, Garnderella vaginalis) (Frankel et al., 2017, Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018, Matson et al., 2018, Routy et al., 2018).”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The microbiota is emerging as a determinant of responses to various anticancer therapies, including immunotherapy122–125.”
From Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges (2018) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“Mice that were transplanted with stool from patients responding to anti-PD-1 antibodies had higher levels of CD8 T-cell density in tumor tissue.”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, mice transplanted with stool from responding patients also had higher levels of CD8 T-cell concentrations in the gut than those transplanted with stool from non-responders.”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition have been noted between responding and non-responding melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy; different studies suggest different species may be enriched in responding versus non-responding patients [30, 31].”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“They collected stool materials from 42 patients with metastatic melanoma before administering PD-1 blockade, and the clinical response rate was 38%, showing that there were 16 responders (R) and 26 non-responders (NR).”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“As expected, PD-1 inhibitor exerted its antitumor activity in mice colonized with R bacteria but was ineffective in NR bacteria colonized mice, thus confirming in vivo the influence of gut microbiome on human immunity.”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“The authors selected 10 bacterial species that were different between R and NR, 8 of those were found to be more abundant in R (including Bifidobacterium, also observed in preclinical studies).”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“For instance, some researchers calculated the proportion of “beneficial” and “non-beneficial” operational taxonomic units and their ratio for every patient and reached a limit conclusion—a ratio of over 1.5 indicated clinical benefit (55).”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“Along the same line, Matson et al. [172] performed a metagenomics characterization of stools samples from melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, further corroborating the finding that responders showed a different microbiome compared to those not responding to therapy.”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“Multiple translational studies, published in 2018, further support the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in modulating the response to immune checkpoint blockade [170,171,172].”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“They identified and functionally proven in vivo the importance of Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium and Collinsella aerofaciens in ameliorating anti-PD-L1 efficacy [172].”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“Given the multiplicity of effects that gut microbiome may play on the host’s immune system, it is not surprising that emerging studies strongly linked the patients’ microbiome composition with the intrinsic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors-based immunotherapy, in the treatments of different solid tumors [170,171,172].”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“It was reported that the gut microbiota of immunotherapy-sensitive patients was distinct from that of immunotherapy-resistant populations [311, 312].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [312]
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 · Cited by 34,887
PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer
Hartkopf, A. D., Taran, F., Wallwiener, M., Walter, C. B., Krämer, B., Grischke, E., & Brucker, S. Y. (2016) · Breast Care · doi:10.1159/000453569 · Cited by 30,989
Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST
Edgar, R. C. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461 · Cited by 21,098
A global reference for human genetic variation
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, authors, C., Auton, A., Abecasis, G. R., Steering committee, Altshuler, D. M., Durbin, R. M., Abecasis, G. R., Bentley, D. R., Chakravarti, A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15393 · Cited by 18,247
ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data
Wang, K., Li, M., & Hakonarson, H. H. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq603 · Cited by 14,724
Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti–PD-1 antibody in cancer
Topalian, S. L., Hodi, F. S., Brahmer, J. R., Gettinger, S. N., Smith, D. C., McDermott, D. F., Powderly, J. D., Carvajal, R. D., Sosman, J. A., Atkins, M. B., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200690 · Cited by 12,628
Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEMPreprint
Li, H. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1303.3997 · Cited by 10,846
Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample
Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Walters, W. A., Berg-Lyons, D., Lozupone, C., Turnbaugh, P. J., Fierer, N., & Knight, R. D. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000080107 · Cited by 9,944
Near-optimal probabilistic RNA-seq quantification
Bray, N. L., Pimentel, H., Melsted, P., & Pachter, L. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3519 · Cited by 9,723
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 3,140
Byrd, A. L., Liu, M., Fujimura, K. E., Lyalina, S., Nagarkar, D. R., Charbit, B., Bergstedt, J., Patin, E., Harrison, O. J., Quintana-Murci, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20200606 · Cited by 63
“…(Zeevi et al., 2015), as well as 44 samples from 39 donors from SRP115355 (Frankel et al., 2017), 39 samples from 39 donors from SRP116709 (Matson et al., 2018), 25 samples from 25 donors from PRJEB22893 (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018), 219 samples from 153 donors from PRJEB22863 (Routy et…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIntestinal microbiota: a novel perspective in colorectal cancer biotherapeutics
Ding, C., Tang, W., Fan, X., & Wu, G. (2018) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s170626 · Cited by 68
“Additionally, more abundant bacterial species was observed to have greater clinical response to immunecheckpoint inhibitor therapy, which suggested that the commensal microbiome may have a mechanistic impact on antitumor immunity in human cancer patients.(162,163) Besides these, commensal microbes combined with CpG ol…”
Zhu, R., Lang, T., Yan, W., Zhu, X. G., Huang, X. Y., Yin, Q., & Li, Y. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202003542 · Cited by 65
Cell-based drug delivery systems for biomedical applications
Li, T., Dong, H., Zhang, C., & Mo, R. (2018) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-018-2179-5 · Cited by 67
Randrian, V., Evrard, C., & Tougeron, D. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13123063 · Cited by 65
Understanding genomics and the immune environment of penile cancer to improve therapy
Aydın, A. M., Chahoud, J., Adashek, J. J., Azizi, M., Magliocco, A. M., Ross, J. S., Necchi, A., & Spiess, P. E. (2020) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0359-z · Cited by 66
Cheung, K. S., Lam, L. K., Seto, W., & Leung, W. K. (2021) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000518090 · Cited by 69
The Microbiome and Prostate Cancer Risk
Wheeler, K. M., & Liss, M. A. (2019) · Current Urology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11934-019-0922-4 · Cited by 62
Čierniková, S., Ševčíková, A., Drgoňa, Ľ., & Mego, M. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188990 · Cited by 68
Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Beyond “Copy/Paste”
Hester, R., Mazur, P. K., & McAllister, F. M. (2021) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0900 · Cited by 67
“Preclinical studies have shown that bacterial ablation by antibiotics or generation of germ-free mouse models blunt responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy (83, 84).”
BackgroundTumor associated macrophage and microbe: The potential targets of tumor vaccine delivery
Jiang, J., Mei, J., Yi, S., Feng, C., Ma, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Chen, C. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.114046 · Cited by 68
Bifidobacterium modulation of tumor immunotherapy and its mechanism
Pei, B., Peng, S., Huang, C., & Zhou, F. (2024) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-024-03665-x · Cited by 71
Cao, M., Deng, Y., Hao, Q., Yan, H., Wang, Q., Dong, C., Wu, J., He, Y., Huang, L., Xia, X., et al. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02226-7 · Cited by 76
Gut Microbiome Modulates Response to Cancer Immunotherapy
Khan, M. A. W., Ologun, G. O., Arora, R., McQuade, J. L., & Wargo, J. A. (2020) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06111-x · Cited by 69
The gut microbiome affects response of treatments in HER2‐negative advanced gastric cancer
Han, Z., Cheng, S., Dai, D., Kou, Y., Zhang, X., Li, F., Yin, X., Ji, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1312 · Cited by 68
“<5 6 (22) 6 (19) 3 (25) 8 (38) 5 (38) 5 (36)”
Odenwald, M. A., Lin, H., Lehmann, C. J., Dylla, N. P., Cole, C. G., Mostad, J. D., Pappas, T. E., Ramaswamy, R., Moran, A., Hutchison, A. L., et al. (2023) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-023-01493-w · Cited by 69
“In adults, faecal bifidobacteria modulate anti-tumour immunity and enhance immunotherapy efficacy in humans with melanoma and synergize with immunotherapies to reduce melanoma growth in mouse models 54,55 .”
BackgroundPancreatic Cancer, Gut Microbiota, and Therapeutic Efficacy
Zhang, X., Liu, Q., Liao, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.37445 · Cited by 68
“[40] PD-1 Enterococcus faecium, Collinsella aerofaciens, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Veillonella parvula, Parabacteroides merdae, Lactobacillus sp.”
BackgroundNavigating established and emerging biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Wang, S. L., & Chan, T. A.-T. (2025) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.03.006 · Cited by 80
Tumor-Associated Microbiome: Where Do We Stand?
Oliva, M., Mulet-Margalef, N., Ochoa-de-Olza, M., Napoli, S., Mas-Lloret, J., Laquente, B., Alemany, L., Duell, E. J., Nuciforo, P. G., & Moreno, V. R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031446 · Cited by 63
Inamura, K. (2020) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.006 · Cited by 63
Recent Discoveries of Diagnostic, Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer
Khomiak, A., Brunner, M., Kordes, M., Lindblad, S., Miksch, R. C., Öhlund, D., & Regel, I. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12113234 · Cited by 70
Peuker, K., Strigli, A., Tauriello, D. V. F., Hendricks, A., Schönfels, W. V., Burmeister, G., Brosch, M., Herrmann, A., Krüger, S., Nitsche, J., et al. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.008 · Cited by 68
Gargaro, M., Manni, G., Scalisi, G., Puccetti, P., & Fallarino, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094644 · Cited by 66
“The high heterogeneity of the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with tumors can be partially explained by differences in the composition of gut microbiome, with compelling evidence suggesting that specific key bacterial taxa may potentially contribute to inter-individual variation in therape…”
BackgroundMcQuade, J. L., Ologun, G. O., Arora, R., & Wargo, J. A. (2020) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-020-00913-y · Cited by 63
Neoadjuvant vidutolimod and nivolumab in high-risk resectable melanoma: A prospective phase II trial
Davar, D., Morrison, R. M., Dzutsev, A., Karunamurthy, A. D., Chauvin, J.-M., Amatore, F., Deutsch, J. S., das Neves, R. X., Rodrigues, R. R., McCulloch, J. A., et al. (2024) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2024.10.007 · Cited by 75
Self-citationMolecular mimicry and cancer vaccine development
Tagliamonte, M., Cavalluzzo, B., Mauriello, A., Ragone, C., Buonaguro, L., Tornesello, M. L., & Buonaguro, L. (2023) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01776-0 · Cited by 68
Zhu, H., He, Y., Ma, J., Zhou, J., Kong, M., Wu, C., Mao, Q., Lin, G., & Li, S.-L. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113271 · Cited by 63
Huyghe, N. D., Benidovskaya, E., Stevens, P., & den Eynde, M. V. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14092241 · Cited by 65
Oh, B., Boyle, F. M., Pavlakis, N., Clarke, S. J., Eade, T., Hruby, G., Lamoury, G., Carroll, S. L., Morgia, M., Kneebone, A. B., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13194824 · Cited by 66
“, assessed the relationship between commensal microbiome composition and clinical response to ICIs in metastatic melanoma patients and found greater efficacy for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients (n = 16) with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium, compared t…”
BackgroundCancer cells co-opt an inter-organ neuroimmune circuit to escape immune surveillance
Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Liu, Z., Sun, Y., Xi, Y., Chen, M., Feng, G., Lin, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.029 · Cited by 79
Effect of fasting on cancer: A narrative review of scientific evidence
Tiwari, S., Sapkota, N., & Han, Z. (2022) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.15492 · Cited by 71
Prognostic Factors and Biomarkers of Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Bianco, A., Perrotta, F., Barra, G., Malapelle, U., Rocco, D., & Palma, R. D. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20194931 · Cited by 65
“[65] The heterogeneity of microbial species’ distribution in relation to country of origin, host diet and lifestyle means those promising data are not uniform and should be interpreted in relation to the broad variability that exists [66].”
BackgroundBao, R., Hernandez, K. M., Huang, L., & Luke, J. J. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-001020 · Cited by 64
“Immune responses to cancer and in other settings are increasingly being recognized as influenced by the commensal microbiota [49].”
Self-citationPredictive Modeling of Microbiome Data Using a Phylogeny-Regularized Generalized Linear Mixed Model
Xiao, J. Y., Chen, L., Johnson, S. P., Yu, Y., Zhang, X., & Chen, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01391 · Cited by 58
“Recently, the efficacy of cancer immune therapy has been shown to depend on the initial configuration of the gut microbiome (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Matson et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018).”
BackgroundHuman Gut Microbiota in Health and Selected Cancers
Sędzikowska, A., & Szablewski, L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413440 · Cited by 71
Dóra, D., Ligeti, B., Kovács, T., Revisnyei, P., Gálffy, G., Dulka, E., Krizsán, D., Kalcsevszki, R., Megyesfalvi, Z., Döme, B., et al. (2023) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2023.2204746 · Cited by 63
Spakowicz, D. J., Hoyd, R., Muniak, M., Husain, M., Bassett, J. S., Wang, L., Tinoco, G., Patel, S. H., Burkart, J. T., Miah, A., et al. (2020) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-020-06882-6 · Cited by 62
Longo, V., Brunetti, O., Azzariti, A., Galetta, D., Nardulli, P., Leonetti, F., & Silvestris, N. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11040539 · Cited by 61
“Moreover, transplantation of fecal material from responding patients into germ-free mice improved tumor control more effectively than anti-PD-L1 therapy in both studies [21,22].”
BackgroundInfluentialTargeting the Gut Microbiome to Mitigate Immunotherapy-Induced Colitis in Cancer
Chang, A. E., Golob, J. L., Schmidt, T. M., Peltier, D. C., Lao, C. D., & Tewari, M. (2021) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2021.02.005 · Cited by 62
The Kynurenine Pathway and Indole Pathway in Tryptophan Metabolism Influence Tumor Progression
Lu, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Su, W., Wang, G., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.70703 · Cited by 81
Molecular Frontiers in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Advances
Kim, H. J., & Kim, Y. H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25052984 · Cited by 69
Role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer hallmarks and targeted therapy (Review)
Naser, R., Fakhoury, I., El‑Fouani, A., Abi‑Habib, R., & El‑Sibai, M. (2022) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2022.5471 · Cited by 61
The gut microbiome: an under-recognised contributor to the COVID-19 pandemic?
Segal, J. P., Mak, J. W. Y., Mullish, B. H., Alexander, J. L., Ng, S. C., & Marchesi, J. R. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756284820974914 · Cited by 62
“92 It is possible that inter-individual variation in gut microbi-omes will have an impact on the success of proposed treatments for COVID-19.”
BackgroundEarly melanoma invasivity correlates with gut fungal and bacterial profiles
Vitali, F., Colucci, R., Paola, M. D., Pindo, M., Filippo, C. D., Moretti, S., & Cavalieri, D. (2021) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.20626 · Cited by 62
Emerging applications of upconverting nanoparticles in intestinal infection and colorectal cancer
Singh, R., Dumlupinar, G., Andersson‐Engels, S., & Melgar, S. (2019) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s188887 · Cited by 59
Zeb2 drives invasive and microbiota-dependent colon carcinoma
Slowicka, K., Πέττα, Ι., Blancke, G., Hoste, E., Dumas, E., Sze, M., Vikkula, H., Radaelli, E., Haigh, J. J., Jonckheere, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0070-2 · Cited by 64
Microbiota and Tuberculosis: A Potential Role of Probiotics, and Postbiotics
Liu, Y., Wang, J., & Wu, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.626254 · Cited by 60
“Gut Microbiota Alterations and Anti-TB Treatment Efficiency Several diseases such as cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and infections, could be triggered and aggravated by altered gut microbiota composition (29, 30), highlighting the significance of gut microbiota in treatment efficiencies in hosts.”
BackgroundPeiffer, L. B., White, J. R., Jones, C. B., Slottke, R., Ernst, S. E., Moran, A. E., Graff, J. N., & Sfanos, K. S. (2022) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2022.100822 · Cited by 63
Dutta, D., & Lim, S. H. (2020) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-020-00211-6 · Cited by 61
“, and Bifidobacterium longum, whereas in non-responders, the intestinal microbiome was enriched in Ruminococcus obeum and Roseburia intestinalis [90].”
BackgroundFrontiers in cancer immunotherapy—a symposium report
Cable, J., Greenbaum, B. D., Pe’er, D., Bollard, C. M., Bruni, S., Griffin, M. E., Allison, J. P., Wu, C. J., Subudhi, S. K., Mardis, E. R., et al. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14526 · Cited by 65
Roles of microbiota in response to cancer immunotherapy
Inamura, K. (2020) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.026 · Cited by 62
Borcherding, N. C., Kolb, R. H., Gullicksrud, J. A., Vikas, P., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, W. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.030 · Cited by 60
“Similarly, oral gavage of fecal matter from human responders versus nonresponders in murine melanoma tumor models led to differential melanoma growth that recapitulate response to ICB in human patients.[153, 155-157] Like HLA typing, the gut microbiome has been associated with TRAE.”
Progress Toward Identifying Exact Proxies for Predicting Response to Immunotherapies
Filipović, A., Miller, G., & Bolen, J. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00155 · Cited by 60
The tumor organismal environment: Role in tumor development and cancer immunotherapy
Dieterich, L. C., & Bikfalvi, A. (2019) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.021 · Cited by 61
“This has been reinforced by clinical studies (116-119).”
MethodFujiwara, Y., Mittra, A., Naqash, A. R., & Takebe, N. (2020) · Cancer Drug Resistance · doi:10.20517/cdr.2020.11 · Cited by 67
“While species like Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcaceae, Akkermansia, and Enterococcus were found to be enriched in responders to anti-PD-1 therapy, species such as Bacteroides were enriched in nonresponders([190-192]).”
BackgroundNot all cancers are created equal: Tissue specificity in cancer genes and pathways
Bianchi, J. J., Zhao, X., Mays, J. C., & Davoli, T. (2020) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2020.01.005 · Cited by 59
Lin, Y., Xie, M., Lau, H. C.-H., Zeng, R., Zhang, R., Wang, L., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Jiang, L., et al. (2024) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.007 · Cited by 66
Microbiota transplantation: Targeting cancer treatment
Wu, X., Zhang, T., Chen, X., Ji, G., & Zhang, F. (2019) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.010 · Cited by 63
Li, Q., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, L., Guo, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, L., & Guo, C. (2021) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2020.1868122 · Cited by 62
Microbiota-Propelled T Helper 17 Cells in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer
Bellone, M., Brevi, A., & Huber, S. (2020) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00064-19 · Cited by 60
“predicts the response to anti-PD-1 therapy (53, 54, 94).”
BackgroundGut Microbiota and Antitumor Immunity: Potential Mechanisms for Clinical Effect
Baruch, E. N., Wang, J., & Wargo, J. A. (2021) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0877 · Cited by 59
The Impact of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Luu, M., Schütz, B., Lauth, M., & Visekruna, A. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15051588 · Cited by 65
“Interestingly, also “non-favorable” members of gut microbiota, such as Roseburia intestinalis and Ruminococcus obeum, have been recently identified [31].”
BackgroundThe role of the gut microbiota in gastric cancer: the immunoregulation and immunotherapy
Wang, M., Yang, G., Tian, Y., Zhang, Q., Liu, Z., & Xin, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183331 · Cited by 60
Antibiotics Drive Microbial Imbalance and Vitiligo Development in Mice
Dellacecca, E. R., Cosgrove, C., Mukhatayev, Z., Akhtar, S., Engelhard, V. H., RADEMAKER, A. W., Knight, K. L., & Poole, I. C. L. (2019) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.435 · Cited by 62
“, 2015) and was associated with greater anti-PD-1 responses in patients (Matson et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMangan, B. L., McAlister, R. K., Balko, J. M., Johnson, D. B., Moslehi, J. J., Gibson, A., & Phillips, E. J. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14433 · Cited by 62
“increase in response to PD-1 inhibitors in patients with a microbiome with higher levels of Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens and Enterococcus faecium.(95) Thus, immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity are both affected by the balance of microbiota in the gut.”
BackgroundToll Like Receptors as Sensors of the Tumor Microbial Dysbiosis: Implications in Cancer Progression
Noci, V. L., Bernardo, G., Bianchi, F., Tagliabue, E., Sommariva, M., & Sfondrini, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.732192 · Cited by 60
The systemic hallmarks of cancer
Paul, D. (2020) · Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment · doi:10.20517/2394-4722.2020.63 · Cited by 59
“Matson et al.[116] identified different bacterial species as being critical for response to therapy in their patients with advanced melanoma, with Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium, among others, found to be enriched in the feces of patients that responded to anti-PD-L1.”
BackgroundFerrari, V., Cascio, A. L., Melacarne, A., Tanasković, N., Mozzarelli, A. M., Tiraboschi, L., Lizier, M., Salvi, M., Braga, D., Algieri, F., et al. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.014 · Cited by 66
The role of microbiome in pancreatic cancer
Li, J., Zhu, M., Kashyap, P., Chia, N., Tran, N. H., McWilliams, R. R., Bekaii‐Saab, T., & Ma, W. W. (2021) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-021-09982-2 · Cited by 60
The Role of the Microbiome in Drug Response
Pryor, R. E., Martínez‐Martínez, D., Quintaneiro, L. M., & Cabreiro, F. (2019) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023612 · Cited by 58
Glioma and the gut–brain axis: opportunities and future perspectives
Dono, A., Nickles, J., Rodriguez-Armendariz, A. G., McFarland, B. C., Ajami, N. J., Ballester, L. Y., Wargo, J. A., & Esquenazi, Y. (2022) · Neuro-Oncology Advances · doi:10.1093/noajnl/vdac054 · Cited by 61
Biomarkers for immunotherapy for treatment of glioblastoma
Lynes, J. P., Nwankwo, A., Sur, H. P., Sanchez, V. E., Sarpong, K., Ariyo, O., Dominah, G. A., & Nduom, E. K.-E. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2019-000348 · Cited by 60
Rosuvastatin alters the genetic composition of the human gut microbiome
Kummen, M., Solberg, O. G., Storm-Larsen, C., Holm, K., Ragnarsson, A., Trøseid, M., Vestad, B., Skårdal, R., Yndestad, A., Ueland, T., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62261-y · Cited by 58
Almawash, S. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17050880 · Cited by 69
A guide to germ‐free and gnotobiotic mouse technology to study health and disease
Jans, M., & Vereecke, L. (2024) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.17124 · Cited by 67
The role of the bacterial microbiome in the treatment of cancer
Yu, Z., Xie, R., You, R., Liu, Y., Chen, X.-Y., Chen, M., & Huang, P.-Y. (2021) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08664-0 · Cited by 57
“Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae can improve the therapeutic response to ICIs, while Faecalibacterium and other Firmicutes may lead to a higher risk for ICI-induced colitis [18, 19, 21, 24].”
BackgroundVendramin, R., Katopodi, V., Cinque, S., Konnova, A., Knezevic, Z., Adnane, S., Verheyden, Y., Karras, P., Demesmaeker, E., Bosisio, F. M., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20210571 · Cited by 59
“This may be important, as the efficacy of anti–PD-1 therapy has been shown to be affected by the microbiome (Matson et al., 2018; McQuade et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPushing the Limits of Cancer Therapy: The Nutrient Game
Lettieri‐Barbato, D., & Aquilano, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00148 · Cited by 58
“Another intriguing observation is that Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium are associated with anti-inflammatory responses, a regulatory arm of the immune system that aims to prevent overactivation of the immune response and restores host homeostasis (120).”
BackgroundChen, I. X., Newcomer, K., Pauken, K. E., Juneja, V. R., Naxerova, K., Wu, M. W., Pinter, M., Sen, D. R., Singer, M., Sharpe, A. H., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2002806117 · Cited by 55
Locally sourced: site-specific immune barriers to metastasis
Correia, A. L. (2023) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-023-00836-2 · Cited by 59
Gut microbiome homeostasis and the future of probiotics in cancer immunotherapy
Singh, A., Alexander, S., & Martin, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114499 · Cited by 68
Ren, J., Han, X., Lohner, H., Hoyle, R. G., Li, J., Liang, S., & Wang, H. (2023) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0541 · Cited by 58
“Previous studies have reported that commensal bacteria and composition of the microbiome indeed affect the ef fi ciency of anti – PD-L1 immunotherapy (47, 48).”
Luke, J. J., Olson, D. J., Allred, J. B., et al. (2019) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1223 · Cited by 57
“The raw sequencing data were analyzed following previously described protocols (19).”
MethodSelf-citationImmunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses
Ramalho, R., Rao, M., Zhang, C., Agrati, C., Ippolito, G., Wang, F., Zumla, A. I., & Maeurer, M. J. (2020) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w · Cited by 63
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Immunotherapy for Cancer
Cardillo, F., Bonfim, M., Sousa-Vasconcelos, P. D. S., Mengel, J., Castello-Branco, L. R. R., & Pinho, R. T. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9050439 · Cited by 59
“However, factors beyond genomics, such as the microbiome, are involved in the immune response to developing melanoma [86,87].”
BackgroundA Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Augments Cancer Immunotherapy Responses in Mice
Allen-Vercoe, E., & Coburn, B. (2020) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.005 · Cited by 57
The Human Microbiota and Prostate Cancer: Friend or Foe?
Massari, F., Mollica, V., Nunno, V. D., Gatto, L., Santoni, M., Scarpelli, M., Cimadamore, A., Antonio Lopez-beltran, B., Liang Cheng, C., Battelli, N., et al. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11040459 · Cited by 58
“These species are also linked to response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy [43,44,72,73].”
BackgroundImmuno-oncology-101: overview of major concepts and translational perspectives
Allard, B., Aspeslagh, S., Garaud, S., Dupont, F., Solinas, C., Kok, M., Routy, B., Sotiriou, C. P., Stagg, J., & Buisseret, L. (2018) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.005 · Cited by 60
Emerging Approaches of Cell‐Based Nanosystems to Target Cancer Metastasis
Gong, X., Li, J., Tan, T., Wang, Z., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Xu, X., Zhang, Z., & Li, Y. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201903441 · Cited by 56
The relationship between gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota
LaCourse, K. D., Johnston, C. D., & Bullman, S. (2021) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30362-9 · Cited by 58
Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy—A Systematic Review
Pierrard, J., & Seront, E. (2019) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.26.5177 · Cited by 59
Yan, H., Su, R. J., Xue, H., Gao, C., Li, X., & Wang, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.789334 · Cited by 68
Prognostic Factors for Checkpoint Inhibitor Based Immunotherapy: An Update With New Evidences
Yan, X., Zhang, S., Deng, Y., Wang, P., Hou, Q., & Xu, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01050 · Cited by 59
“Similarly, another study on patients with melanoma also reveals a correlation between response to anti-PD1 and abundance in more diversified bacteria, including Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium (Matson et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe intratumoral microbiome: Characterization methods and functional impact
Heymann, C. J. F., Bard, J., Heymann, M., Heymann, D., & Bobin‐Dubigeon, C. (2021) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.009 · Cited by 60
Effects of gut microbiota on immune responses and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer
Hou, X., Zheng, Z., Wei, J., & Zhao, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030745 · Cited by 61
“However, in animal models, specific bacterial species have been shown associated with immunotherapy response, including Bifidobacterium spp (9, 85).”
BackgroundGut microbiota: impacts on gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy
Lau, H. C.-H., Sung, J. J. �., & Yu, J. Q. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1869504 · Cited by 58
“Transplanting feces from responders of anti-PD-1 treatment into tumor-bearing mice with depleted microbiota could ameliorate PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy.(26,29,30) Such improvement is attributed to altered T cell repertoire: enrichment of Cd45+ and effector Cd8 + T cells, and reduction of Cd11b+Cd11c+ MDSCs, RORγt+ T…”
MethodResultRole of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer and Drug Resistance
Sathiyapriya, V., Parida, S., Lingipilli, B. T., Ramalingam, K., Podipireddy, D. R., & Muniraj, N. (2023) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens12030468 · Cited by 57
Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer: From Gut to Bedside
Silva, M. G., Brunner, V., & Tschurtschenthaler, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.760280 · Cited by 61
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Kiousi, D. E., Kouroutzidou, A. Z., Neanidis, K., Karavanis, E., Matthaios, D., Pappa, A., & Galanis, Α. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15072101 · Cited by 62
“longum in R ↑Ruminococcus obeum and Roseburia intestinalis in NR ND [63]”
BackgroundHuang, C.-L., Li, M., Liu, B., Zhu, H., Dai, Q., Fan, X., Mehta, K. D., Huang, C. H., Neupane, P. C., Wang, F., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.642110 · Cited by 60
“In consistent with this, we have recently shown that certain gut microbiota correlates significantly to ICI response in NSCLC patients (8), which echoes the findings from other groups (9, 15, 16), as well as preclinical mouse models (7).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Matson, V., Fessler, J., Bao, R., Chongsuwat, T., Zha, Y., Alegre, M.-L., Luke, J. J., & Gajewski, T. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Matson, Vyara
- Fessler, Jessica
- Bao, Riyue
- Gajewski, Thomas F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-01-05
- Volume
- 359
- Issue
- 6371
- Pages
- 104-108
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6707353
- OpenAlex
- W2782333299
- Cited by
- 3,107
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 342 · 2025: 355 · 2024: 351 · 2023: 406 · 2022: 440 · 2021: 403 · 2020: 366 · 2019: 280 · 2018: 158
- FWCI
- 113.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (T32 CA009594)
- Melanoma Research Alliance (CA210098)
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, anti-PD-1 therapy, metastatic melanoma, Akkermansia muciniphila, antibiotic use, cancer immunotherapy response, gut dysbiosis, lung cancer, kidney cancer, immune cell activity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bifidobacterium longum, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Feces, Humans, Immunotherapy, Melanoma, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Skin Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Enterococcus faecium, Mice, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
