The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 6 of the 13 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients
Open accessAbstract
Good bacteria help fight cancer Resident gut bacteria can affect patient responses to cancer immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Jobin). Routy et al. show that antibiotic consumption is associated with poor response to immunotherapeutic PD-1 blockade. They profiled samples from patients with lung and kidney cancers and found that nonresponding patients had low levels of the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila . Oral supplementation of the bacteria to antibiotic-treated mice restored the response to immunotherapy. Matson et al. and Gopalakrishnan et al. studied melanoma patients receiving PD-1 blockade and found a greater abundance of “good” bacteria in the guts of responding patients. Nonresponders had an imbalance in gut flora composition, which correlated with impaired immune cell activity. Thus, maintaining healthy gut flora could help patients combat cancer. Science , this issue p. 91 , p. 104 , p. 97 ; see also p. 32
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In the paper
“Two additional studies have identified an association of the commensal microbiome with anti–PD-1 mAb efficacy in different solid cancers (7,14).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] source
- Supportedcites [14] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening summary and patient-cohort results report an association between gut microbiome composition and response to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma, a solid cancer. This paper supports the claim as one of the two cited studies; it need not establish the findings of the other study. Page numbers are not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To determine whether the difference in tumor control could be attributed to host immunity, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) of ex vivo SIY-stimulated splenocytes was performed and indicated an increased frequency of activated T cells from R microbiota-reconstituted mice 3 weeks after inoculation with B16.SIY melanoma cells (Fig. 3C).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significant association was observed between commensal microbial composition and clinical response.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Together, our data suggest that the composition of the commensal microbiota in patients is associated with therapeutic efficacy of anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After removing OTUs present in less than 10% of the samples, the 16S sequencing revealed 62 OTUs of different abundance in R versus NR [P < 0.05, unadjusted, permutation test with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME)] (table S2).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quantitative PCR results for these 10 species were integrated into a summation quantitative PCR score for each patient, which was significantly higher in responders (P = 0.004) (Fig. 2D).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The human microbiota-colonized mouse groups segregated into two phenotypes with respect to tumor growth rate: (i) a faster growing group and (ii) a slower growing group (Fig. 3A).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A principal component analysis (PCA) of the 63 OTUs revealed separation of R from NR (Fig. 1B).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hierarchical clustering of samples based on relative abundance of these OTUs revealed that most patients were accurately grouped according to clinical response (fig. S2).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the ability of the human microbiota to support improved tumor control in mice usually, but not always, paralleled the clinical response to anti–PD-1 seen in the donor patient.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the microbiota parameters still markedly separated responders and nonresponders.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“prior work in mice has indicated that some commensals have the potential to be immune-inhibitory—for example, through the induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (11,12).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] source
The Abstract reports that indigenous Clostridium species promoted the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the colons of mice. It also describes intestinal Foxp3+ Tregs as immunosuppressive, supporting the claim's qualified description of some commensals as potentially immune-inhibitory. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Supportedcites [12] source
The Abstract reports that colonizing germ-free animals with the commensal B. fragilis induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increases their suppressive capacity. The Discussion links this Treg induction to protection from experimental colitis, supporting the claim's example of immune inhibition in mice. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Tumor-intrinsic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (15) and deletion or mutation of Pten (16) have been shown to lead to deficient T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment and resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Supportedcites [16] source
Citation (16) is attached to the PTEN part of the sentence, not the Wnt/β-catenin part. The Results report that PTEN deletions and loss-of-function mutations are enriched in non-T-cell-inflamed melanomas, that PTEN-loss tumors have less CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and that patients with PTEN-absent tumors had poorer tumor-size responses to anti-PD-1 treatment. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“There were 16 responders (from here on, referred to as R) and 26 nonresponders (NR), yielding a response rate of 38%, which is in line with published clinical data of anti–PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma patients (5, 6).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [5] source
The citing paper reports the 38% rate for its own patients; it cites this source for the comparison with published anti–PD-1 melanoma results. In Results > Clinical Activity, the source reports melanoma response rates of 19–41% across dose levels, a range that includes 38%. Its overall melanoma response rate was 28%, not 38%. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [6] source
The Rates of Response section reports pembrolizumab response rates of 33.7% and 32.9% in patients with advanced melanoma. The citing paper's 38% is its own result; the cited trial supports the comparison to published anti-PD-1 clinical data, not an exact 38% rate. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anti–PD-L1 was markedly efficacious in mice colonized with R microbiota yet completely ineffective in NR-derived mice (Fig. 3F), demonstrating a profound impact of the commensal microbiota on immunotherapy efficacy in vivo.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When plotted against the absolute change in tumor size as assessed with RECIST, a clean correlation was observed so that patients with a ratio over 1.5 all showed clinical response (Fig. 2E).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: OTUs more abundant in responders are beneficial and those more abundant in nonresponders are non-beneficial.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exome sequencing followed by enumeration of nonsynonymous somatic mutations showed a trend of higher frequency in R, as did levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 mRNA (fig. S6, C to E) and enumeration of baseline CD8+ T cells by means of immunohistochemistry (fig. S6F). Although these trends not reaching statistical significance level of 0.05 were likely limited by sample size, the microbiota parameters still”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential species matches were identified for 43 of the original 63 OTUs (table S4).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interrogation of fecal DNA from these mice by means of quantitative PCR recapitulated the results from our analysis of patients. Of the PCR reactions validated in patients, six were observed in re-constituted mice, with the same pattern of enrichment as was seen in patients (Fig. 2G).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two of three mouse cohorts reconstituted with R fecal material had slower baseline tumor growth, and two of the three cohorts reconstituted from NR showed faster baseline tumor growth.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis of the tumor microenvironment also showed a significantly greater number of SIY–specific CD8+ T cells, but not of FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells, in these mice (Fig. 3, D and E), which is consistent with increased priming of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A BLAST search of the 63 OTUs against the NCBI database of bacterial sequences returned for most OTUs multiple species with ≥98% identity (table S3).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that B16.SIY melanoma tumor growth in GF mice was similar to that in specific pathogen–free (SPF) mice (both from Taconic), and colonization of GF mice with feces from Taconic SPF mice did not affect this baseline growth rate (fig. S8).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One Bifidobacteriaceae OTU was significantly more abundant in R, and a second Bifidobacteriaceae OTU (559527) had borderline significance (P = 0.058, unadjusted) and was included in the analyses (total = 63 OTUs).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Groups C and D, which did not show the same pattern of tumor control as the therapeutic outcome in the original human donors, showed a large degree of difference of microbiota composition from the original human donors (fig. S9). In agreement, a binary Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index for each donor/recipient pair was highest, at 0.7, for cohorts C and D versus 0.5 to 0.6 for the rest of the groups”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Akkermansia muciniphila OTU (185186), in line with the study of anti–PD-1 efficacy in epithelial cancers by Routy et al. (7), was detected by means of 16S sequencing in four patients, and all were responders, but statistical analysis of the entire cohort is limited by the number of samples above the detection threshold.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that whereas reconstitution of GF mice with human fecal material often recapitulates the microbial composition and the phenotype of the human donor, in some cases there is a high degree of drift so that some bacteria expand and others contract to a degree that is sufficient to change phenotype.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No major differences in patient characteristics were observed in R versus NR, except a borderline difference in prior (but not current) smoking history (table S1).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Decreased regulatory T cells, increased Batf3 DCs, and augmented TH1responses would all be expected to improve immune-mediated tumor control.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clinical response rate was determined in a blinded manner from biomarker results by using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results suggest a reduced spontaneous immune-mediated tumor control inherent to GF mice, which makes them suitable recipients for human-derived microbiota, with an opportunity to detect improved antitumor immunity depending on microbial composition.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increased frequency of the Batf3-lineage dendritic cells (DCs) and greater T helper cell 1 (TH1) responses were also found with bacteria currently identified to be more abundant in responders (13).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Germline polymorphisms in immune regulatory genes also have the potential to influence the magnitude of spontaneous anti-tumor T cell responses (17).”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This list of species is likely an underestimate of the total number of entities showing differential abundance in R versus NR because of the stringency of this composite analysis.”
§ The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients > Abstract
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
OTUs more abundant in responders are beneficial and those more abundant in nonresponders are non-beneficial.
“the total numbers of potentially “beneficial” and “non-beneficial” OTUs were scored for each patient (fig. S5), and a ratio was calculated.”
“a ratio of “beneficial” OTUs to “nonbeneficial” OTUs was the strongest predictor of clinical response.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Roseburia have been associated with improved tumor immunotherapy in clinic34–37.”
From Combining gut microbiota modulation and chemotherapy by capecitabine-loaded prebiotic nanoparticle improves colorectal cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Besides, reconstitution of germ-free mice with fecal material from responding patients could lead to improved tumor control, augmented T cell responses, and greater efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.14”
From Gut microbiota and metabolites associate with outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor–treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In human melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy, gut microbiome composition has been significantly associated with clinical response [9–12]”
From Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“antitumor immunity was enhanced in germ-free mice receiving fecal transfer from the responding patients [9, 10].”
From Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The three studies all demonstrated that gut microbiota composition and diversity were predictive of response to ICI immunotherapy [31–33].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“A similar finding was that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from ICI responding patients to germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice could improve tumor control and ameliorate responses to ICI, whereas FMT from non-responders failed to do so [31–33].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, specific gut microbes, such as Bifidobacterium [16, 33, 51, 141], Akkermansia [31, 38], Enterococcus [15, 33, 141], Faecalibacterium [49, 142], and Ruminococcaceae [32], play the role of immune adjuvants in ICI immunotherapy.”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Recently, several studies have indicated that FMT could augment the antitumor effect of ICI and overcome resistance to immunotherapy [31–33].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Intestinal dysbiosis, broadly defined as an imbalance in the composition or function of the gut microbiota, is a significant contributor to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies.1–16,”
From Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies have suggested that the gut microbiome influences the response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in patients with cancer.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“in preclinical models, transplantation of fecal material enriched with Bifidobacterium spp. alone (even without CPIs) was sufficient to delay tumor growth4,5.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The intestinal microbiota has been shown to directly impact on the efficacy of specific cancer immune therapies1–3.”
From Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Multiple landmark studies have identified a role for the gut microbiome in modifying ICI treatment response1,2”
From Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Although multiple studies have reported that a favorable gut microbiome is associated with response to anti–PD-1 in cancer patients, its precise composition is not yet fully understood (10–12).”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“As previously reported1,2, broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly abrogated anti-PD-1-induced tumour reduction”
From Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“administration of certain gut commensals or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes anti–PD-1 efficacy in melanoma-bearing mice (10–12).”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Specifically in melanoma, key bacterial species belonging to various phyla, including Actinobacteria (Bifidobacteriaceae spp. and Coriobacteriaceae spp.) and Firmicutes (Ruminococcaceae spp. and Lachnospiraceae spp.), are associated with favorable response to mAbs targeting PD-1 in cancer patients, although limited concordance among the identified species has been reported in different studies (10”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In mice, composition of the gut microbiome modulates therapeutic activity of anti–PD-1 and anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)”
From Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potent new factor associated with the efficacy of anti–CTLA4, anti–PD-1, and anti–PD-L1 treatment (8-14).”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Multiple analyses of the commensal microbiome from human cohorts treated with immunotherapies targeting PD-1 have revealed that the bacterial genus Enterococcus is enriched in responding patients (12, 13).”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“the detection of potential NlpC/p60 orthologs in other genera such as Lactobacillus (Fig. 2C, Table S5), which has also been identified in immunotherapy-responsive patients (13), may provide additional specific microbiota correlations to predict and improve patient outcomes.”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“consistent with enhanced priming of a tumor antigen-specific immune response (9, 13).”
From Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Gut bacteria modulate the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in cancer”
From Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Over the past decade, following the epidemiological demonstration of the negative effect of antibiotics on the efficacy of ICIs13,42,90, specific microbial taxa have been associated with response or resistance to ICIs across distinct cancer types26,38–40,42,91–100.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“single studies in patients with melanoma receiving ICIs identified an enrichment of species such as F. prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium longum and Bacteroides caccae in samples from patients with a response (‘responders’)38,44,91, although the concordance of these microbiome characteristics with treatment response across studies was low97.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“Studies in mouse models have provided compelling evidence that gut microbiota modifications resulting from faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) improve ICI response rates38,42,91; however, the magnitude of these antitumour responses depends of factors such as the mouse strain or provider, mouse sex and individual experimental conditions106.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“Our meta-analysis of microbial sequencing data from nine independent αPD-1-treated melanoma cohorts82–88 revealed a higher abundance of pfl, a key enzyme in bacterial formate production, linked to ICI efficacy.”
From Exercise-induced microbiota metabolite enhances CD8 T cell antitumor immunity promoting immunotherapy efficacy (2025) · cites this paper as [83]
In the citing paper
“We next tested the generalizability of the balance described in Fig. 2a by computing it for patients from six independent melanoma cohorts5,7–10,12. Despite small sample sizes and large heterogeneity in terms of DNA isolation protocols and sequencing platforms (Supplementary Table 6), this analysis showed that the balance achieves a comparable AUC in several of the independent cohorts (Extended”
From Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The intestinal microbiome has emerged as a tumor-extrinsic predictive biomarker to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)1–6.”
From Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“However, there is limited concordance among species identified across studies, which included small numbers of patients and used different analytical approaches, not always adjusted for multiple testing4,5,12,13.”
From Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Administration of certain gut commensals promotes efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy in mice, providing evidence that microbiota can drive immunotherapy outcomes4–6.”
From Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Several studies, small in size and using variable analytical methods, suggest the gut microbiome may be a novel, modifiable biomarker for tumor response rates, but the specific bacteria or bacterial communities putatively impacting ICI responses have been inconsistent across the studied populations.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Several studies have examined the stool composition of patients on checkpoint blockade with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell cancer (RCC) (5–10). These studies have implicated increased alpha-diversity (8), along with specific members of each of the major bacterial phyla colonizing humans”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“While individually significant, a feature of these studies is that each has largely identified different sets of microbes and, overall, there is a lack of consensus regarding the microbial signals associated with clinical response and/or whether putative microbiota signals are tumor-specific or impacted by other clinical metadata.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“These results indicate that data from our standardized methodology for 16S rRNA amplicon data produces comparable relative abundance profiles, including for high-interest species such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila (Fig S1).”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, the gut microbiota of non-responding patients seemed to be less diverse, with the genera Bacteroides (phylum Bacteroidetes), Ruminococci and Roseburia (both Firmicutes) being prominent.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, B. thetaiotaomicron was reported as enriched in R in the Frankel and Matson cohorts (5,7) whereas, using a consistent re-analysis approach for all cohorts, this species was enriched in NR.”
From A Uniform Computational Approach Improved on Existing Pipelines to Reveal Microbiome Biomarkers of Nonresponse to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The gut microbiome has been shown to have multiple effects on tumor biology, such as the transformation process, tumor progression, and the response to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy (21-29).”
From The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type–specific intracellular bacteria (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, several bacterial biomarkers have been reported for response to checkpoint inhibitors in non-GI cancer indications (Frankel et al., 2017; Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Matson et al., 2018; Peters et al., 2019; Routy et al., 2018).”
From Gut microbiome stability and dynamics in healthy donors and patients with non-gastrointestinal cancers (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-L1 had higher levels of Bifdobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting the importance of the microbiome [122].”
From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2022) · cites this paper as [122]
In the citing paper
“as the gut and tumour microbiota can affect the survival of patients with cancer and their responses to therapy8,14,40–42,50”
From Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“The role of the gut microbiome in modulating tumor responses to immunotherapy in melanoma [5–7], non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma [6, 8] has received increased attention across a series of studies in recent years.”
From Gut microbiome affects the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Microbial taxa associated with response to ICB in cancer patients differed among different reports (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Matson et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018).”
From Microbiota triggers STING-type I IFN-dependent monocyte reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Specific antitumor effects of microbiota have been associated with changes in T cell activation and/or recruitment into the tumor or tumor-draining lymph nodes (Matson et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018; Shi et al., 2020a; Sivan et al., 2015; Tanoue et al., 2019; Vetizou et al., 2015).”
From Microbiota triggers STING-type I IFN-dependent monocyte reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“These studies suggest that gut bacteria influences the activation of the immune system, promoting cancer-associated inflammation and ultimately affecting tumor responses to therapies.”
From Tumor Microbiome Diversity and Composition Influence Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The key role of the gut microbiota as a host factor mediating tumor responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with melanoma and lung cancers has been recently highlighted”
From Tumor Microbiome Diversity and Composition Influence Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Bifidobacterium-treated mice showed increased IFN-γ production, followed by stronger tumor-specific T cell responses and slower tumor growth [36].”
From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Recolonized germ-free mice with fecal samples from responders or dominant microbiota in responders could improve antitumor effects of ICIs [36, 94].”
From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Responses to ICTs have been correlated with commensal gut flora, and there appear to be substantial differences in the diversity and composition in patients who respond to ICT versus nonresponders (205,206).”
From The Next Decade of Immune Checkpoint Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [205]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, observations in humans and mice of gut microbes that stratify therapy response, particularly immunotherapy (16, 17, 21, 26), have not uncommonly shown varying taxonomic differences that persist despite uniform bioinformatic re-analyses, although there is greater concordance when examining functional profiles (161, 162).”
From The microbiome and human cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The composition of the commensal microbiota in patients is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody.42”
In the citing paper
“Very recent reports highlighted that the composition of gut microbiota may dictate, at least in part, the anticancer activity of ICI.”
From Negative association of antibiotics on clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced renal cell and non-small-cell lung cancer (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The microbiome has been described to majorly impact tumor immunity and response to ICI10–17”
From Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Previously, we demonstrated that differential bacterial signatures comprise the gut microbiome of responders versus non-responders to ICI therapy”
From Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“and additionally showed that modulation of the gut microbiome of germ-free mice via FMT from patients could alter anti-tumor immunity and response to ICI therapy in gnotobiotic mice11–13.”
From Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Given these considerations, it is perhaps even more striking that bacteria generally associated with health (such as Clostridiales, Ruminococcacae, Faecalibacterium spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, B. fragilis,a n dBifidobacteria) (13, 14, 18-20) or immunogenicity (Enterococci, Collinsella, and Alistipes)( 11, 13, 14, 20) were found to be abundant in responding patients.”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“One of the striking findings that distinguishes cancer patient responders from nonresponders after PD-1 blockade immunotherapy is the ratio of putatively favorable to unfavorable bacteria (20).”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Notably, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) o ff e c e sf r o mp a t i e n t s( w h os h o w e dc l i n i c a lr esponse to immune checkpoint blockade) transferred a”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-based sequencing of gene amplicons and shotgun DNA sequencing of patient stool samples have identified subsets of bacteria more abundant in responding versus nonresponding patients.”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“To date, Bifidobacteria spp.(15, 20), Akkermansia muciniphilia (14), E. hirae (16), and Bacteroides spp.(13) have been shown to improve antitumor T cell responses and support better tumor control in vivo.”
From The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Multiple studies have reported significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between responding and non-responding melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 agents (ipilimumab).2,4-8”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that high abundance of Faecalibacterium genus was the strongest signal associated with response to ICI, using either anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.5–7,12,13”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In patients with cancer, specific taxa, including F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila and Bifidobacteria, have been associated with improved clinical responses to ICI.2,6,7”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In this context, the gut microbiota has been involved in response to cancer treatments, and in particular to immunotherapy.2,6,7,32”
From Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“The effects of the gut microbiota on the anti-tumor response has been demonstrated in preclinical models as well as in patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and NSCLC”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The gut and tumor microbiome have been associated with anti-tumor responses and, in some cases, response to immune checkpoint blockade”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Thomas Gajewski in Chicago, Jennifer Wargo at the MD Anderson Cancer Centre, and our laboratory at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre in Paris later published seminal studies in the same 2018 issue of Science, demonstrating direct links between gut microbiota composition and the success of ICB in different cancer populations, including melanoma, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and urothelial and”
From Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies (2025) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“higher abundances of the commensals Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium stimulate a more favorable T cell-mediated response to anti-PD-1 therapy in both preclinical models and patients suffering from metastasized melanoma.190–192”
From Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [190]
In the citing paper
“Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may modulate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.”
From A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome is associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Gut microbes such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium longum have been associated with improved responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)1–3”
From A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome is associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“These microbes were also previously reported to be associated with better response to ICB immunotherapy2,3,38,39.”
From A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome is associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“These effects were mediated by increased densities of CD8+ T-cells and reduced FoxP3+CD4+ Tregs in the tumor microenvironment”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“mice that received responder-stool growing tumors at slower rate and having markedly improved efficacy to anti-PD- L1 immunotherapy when compared to mice that received non-responder stool”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“patients who responded to anti-PD-1 therapy had enrichment of Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens and Enterococcus faecium in baseline fecal samples”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“at lower levels of taxonomy within these phyla these generalizations do not apply, as some taxa within Firmicutes have been associated with a lack of response (Roseburia, Streptococcus)”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Bacteroidetes have also been associated with response (such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Colinsela aerofaciens) and non-response (such as Actinomyces viscosus, Garnderella vaginalis) (Frankel et al., 2017, Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018, Matson et al., 2018, Routy et al., 2018).”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Matson et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The microbiota is emerging as a determinant of responses to various anticancer therapies, including immunotherapy122–125.”
From Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges (2018) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“Mice that were transplanted with stool from patients responding to anti-PD-1 antibodies had higher levels of CD8 T-cell density in tumor tissue.”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, mice transplanted with stool from responding patients also had higher levels of CD8 T-cell concentrations in the gut than those transplanted with stool from non-responders.”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition have been noted between responding and non-responding melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy; different studies suggest different species may be enriched in responding versus non-responding patients [30, 31].”
From Immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“They collected stool materials from 42 patients with metastatic melanoma before administering PD-1 blockade, and the clinical response rate was 38%, showing that there were 16 responders (R) and 26 non-responders (NR).”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“As expected, PD-1 inhibitor exerted its antitumor activity in mice colonized with R bacteria but was ineffective in NR bacteria colonized mice, thus confirming in vivo the influence of gut microbiome on human immunity.”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“The authors selected 10 bacterial species that were different between R and NR, 8 of those were found to be more abundant in R (including Bifidobacterium, also observed in preclinical studies).”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“For instance, some researchers calculated the proportion of “beneficial” and “non-beneficial” operational taxonomic units and their ratio for every patient and reached a limit conclusion—a ratio of over 1.5 indicated clinical benefit (55).”
From Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor for Modulating Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“Along the same line, Matson et al. [172] performed a metagenomics characterization of stools samples from melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, further corroborating the finding that responders showed a different microbiome compared to those not responding to therapy.”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“Multiple translational studies, published in 2018, further support the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in modulating the response to immune checkpoint blockade [170,171,172].”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“They identified and functionally proven in vivo the importance of Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium and Collinsella aerofaciens in ameliorating anti-PD-L1 efficacy [172].”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“Given the multiplicity of effects that gut microbiome may play on the host’s immune system, it is not surprising that emerging studies strongly linked the patients’ microbiome composition with the intrinsic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors-based immunotherapy, in the treatments of different solid tumors [170,171,172].”
From Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [172]
In the citing paper
“It was reported that the gut microbiota of immunotherapy-sensitive patients was distinct from that of immunotherapy-resistant populations [311, 312].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [312]
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Lung and Gut Microbiota as Potential Hidden Driver of Immunotherapy Efficacy in Lung Cancer
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“Fecal transplantation of germ-free mice with stool from responding patients improved efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy increasing immune-mediated tumor control through the induction of T cell response [27].”
Integrating the gut microbiome and pharmacology
Verdegaal, A. A., & Goodman, A. L. (2024) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adg8357 · Cited by 67
“Enterococcus may provide one mechanistic link: Patients with melanoma who responded well to PD-1 blockade therapy displayed higher abundance of gut Enterococcus faecium ( 159 ).”
BackgroundBai, J., Chen, H., & Bai, X. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.23810 · Cited by 53
Bilberry anthocyanin extracts enhance anti-PD-L1 efficiency by modulating gut microbiota
Wang, L., Jiang, G., Jing, N., Liu, X., Li, Q., Liang, W. P., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo00255k · Cited by 53
Molecular mimicry between tumor associated antigens and microbiota-derived epitopes
Ragone, C., Manolio, C., Mauriello, A., Cavalluzzo, B., Buonaguro, L., Tornesello, M. L., Tagliamonte, M., & Buonaguro, L. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03512-6 · Cited by 55
The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in regulating inflammatory signalling
Ye, D., He, J., & He, X. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.13361 · Cited by 61
Liu, K., Sun, Q., Liu, Q., Li, H., Zhang, W., & Sun, C. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113618 · Cited by 57
The Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: Susceptibility and Immune Responsiveness
Andolfi, C., Bloodworth, J. C., Papachristos, A., & Sweis, R. F. (2020) · Bladder Cancer · doi:10.3233/blc-200277 · Cited by 53
“More specifically, the presence of the species Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens and Enterococcus faecium positively correlate with positive response to therapy for metastatic melanoma [33].”
BackgroundMa, Y., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Wang, P., & Long, F. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06698-3 · Cited by 59
Immunotherapy of MSI Cancer: Facts and Hopes
Wilbur, H. C., Le, D. T., & Agarwal, P. (2023) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1935 · Cited by 54
Akkermansia muciniphila: A potential target and pending issues for oncotherapy
Zhao, X., Zhao, J., Li, D., Yang, H. K., Chen, C., Qin, M., Wen, Z., He, Z., & Xu, L. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106916 · Cited by 55
Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Wei, Z., Zhang, J., Aiting, W., Wang, J., Lin, Y., Bangwei, C., & Yan, D. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107033 · Cited by 53
Immune escape mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in cancer: the cancer-immunity cycle
Starzer, A. M., Preusser, M., & Berghoff, A. S. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359221096219 · Cited by 58
Tumour neoantigen mimicry by microbial species in cancer immunotherapy
Boesch, M., Baty, F., Rothschild, S. I., Tamm, M., Joerger, M., Früh, M., & Brutsche, M. H. (2021) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-021-01365-2 · Cited by 53
“To this end, tumour neoantigens need to be identified from tumour biopsy samples using the strategy outlined above,(18) and the gastrointestinal microbiome composition needs to be characterised using metagenomic shotgun sequencing of stool samples.(145) Dedicated bioinformatics interrogation can uncover the overlappin…”
BackgroundMandal, K., Barik, G. K., & Santra, M. K. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-025-02400-z · Cited by 69
The impact of tumor and gut microbiotas on cancer therapy: Beneficial or detrimental?
Hekmatshoar, Y., Saadat, Y. R., Khatibi, S. M. H., Özkan, T., Vahed, F. Z., Nariman‐Saleh‐Fam, Z., Gargari, B. P., Sunguroğlu, A., & Vahed, S. Z. (2019) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116680 · Cited by 53
Overcoming resistance to anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 treatment in gastrointestinal malignancies
Puccini, A., Battaglin, F., Iaia, M. L., Lenz, H., & Salem, M. E. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2019-000404 · Cited by 53
“134 Specific bacteria are positively correlated with immunotherapeutic response, including Akkermansia muciniphila , 135 Ruminococcus champanellensis , B. fragilis , Bifidobacterium , Eubacterium limosum , Faecalibac-terium spp and Alistipes shahii .”
BackgroundDepletion of Gut Microbiota Impairs Gut Barrier Function and Antiviral Immune Defense in the Liver
Guo, W., Zhou, X., Li, X., Zhu, Q., Peng, J., Zhu, B., Zheng, X., Lu, Y., Yang, D., Wang, B., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.636803 · Cited by 55
“Between responders versus non-responders among melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy, gut microbiota composition differed significantly (40, 41).”
BackgroundWang, M., Liang, H., Wang, W., Zhao, S., Cai, X., Zhao, Y., Li, C., Cheng, B., Xiong, S., Li, J., et al. (2020) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.33270 · Cited by 53
“This high incidence had the same mechanism as rheumatoid arthritis.(36-38) For the digestive system, gastrointestinal toxicities were the second most common irAEs related to the use of PD-L1 antibodies.”
BackgroundCommensal bacteria promote type I interferon signaling to maintain immune tolerance in mice
Ayala, A. V., Hsu, C.-Y., Oles, R. E., Matsuo, K., Loomis, L. R., Buzun, E., Terrazas, M. C., Gerner, R. R., Lu, H.-H., Kim, S., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20230063 · Cited by 57
“For instance, the contribution of the microbiota to responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (V´etizou et al., 2015; Routy et al., 2018; Matson et al., 2018; Lam et al., 2021) may be linked to the regulation of type I IFN signaling.”
BackgroundNeoadjuvant Immunotherapy: Leveraging the Immune System to Treat Early-Stage Disease
Mittendorf, E. A., Burgers, F. H., Haanen, J. B. A. G., & Cascone, T. (2022) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_349411 · Cited by 54
Kang, B. W., & Chau, I. (2020) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000791 · Cited by 50
Xiao-qian, X., Geng, Y., Guan, Q., Ren, Y., Guo, L., Lv, Q., Lu, Z., Shi, J., & Xu, Z. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13031008 · Cited by 56
“Additionally, the bacteria Roseburia intestinalis, which is associated with not responding to tumor immunotherapy, was downregulated [33,34].”
BackgroundThe Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A State-of-Art Report
Puricelli, C., Rolla, R., Gigliotti, C. L., Boggio, E. M., Beltrami, E., Dianzani, U., & Keller, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.755171 · Cited by 64
“Firstly experimented in the field of gastroenterology, FMT has shown promise also in the therapy of extraintestinal disorders, includingmetabolic syndrome (171), multiple sclerosis (172), Parkinson’s disease (173), neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD (174), and even cancer (175, 176).”
BackgroundLi, Y., Sun, H., Cao, D. S., Guo, Y., Wu, D., Yang, M., Wang, H., Shao, X., Li, Y., & Liang, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s497510 · Cited by 60
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma
Sabbatino, F., Liguori, L., Pepe, S., & Ferrone, S. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2022.2038132 · Cited by 56
Pitfalls in Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Validation with Emphasis on Circulating Tumor DNA
Ren, A. H., Fiala, C., Diamandis, E. P., & Kulasingam, V. (2020) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0074 · Cited by 52
Determinants of resistance and response to melanoma therapy
Robertson, B. M., Fane, M. E., Weeraratna, A. T., & Rebecca, V. W. (2024) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-024-00794-1 · Cited by 68
“Studies show that bacterial species from immunotherapy responders confer increased response to immunotherapy and improved T cell response in vivo 144 (Fig.”
Fucoidan enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by regulating gut microbiota
Li, H., Dong, T., Tao, M., Zhao, H., Lan, T., Yan, S., Gong, X., Hou, Q., Ma, X., & Song, Y. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo04807a · Cited by 53
Pinato, D. J., Li, X., Mishra-Kalyani, P. S., D’Alessio, A., Fulgenzi, C. A. M., Scheiner, B., Pinter, M., Wei, G., Schneider, J., Rivera, D. R. R., et al. (2023) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100747 · Cited by 55
“[38] Matson V, Fessler J, Bao R, Chongsuwat T, Zha Y, Alegre ML, et al.”
BackgroundBiomarkers for Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Ganesan, S., & Mehnert, J. (2020) · Annual Review of Cancer Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033604 · Cited by 51
Prével, R., Enaud, R., Orieux, A., Camino, A., Berger, P., Boyer, A., Delhaès, L., & Gruson, D. (2022) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-022-03980-8 · Cited by 49
“prausnitzii) are also associated with clinical response to immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 treatments) in cancer patients [27, 28].”
BackgroundČierniková, S., Mego, M., & Chovanec, M. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13040782 · Cited by 55
“Recently, clinical studies comprising patients with metastatic melanoma [24,79] or non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma [25] discovered a profound impact of the gut microbiota on immune checkpoint blockade targeting the coinhibitory receptor/ligand system programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PDL-1.”
BackgroundCheckpoint blockade-induced CD8+ T cell differentiation in head and neck cancer responders
Zhou, L., Zeng, Z., Egloff, A. M., Zhang, F., Guo, F., Campbell, K. M., Du, P. P., Fu, J., Zolkind, P., Ma, X., et al. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-004034 · Cited by 49
A review of machine learning methods for cancer characterization from microbiome data
Teixeira, M., Silva, F., Ferreira, R. M., Pereira, T., Figueiredo, C., & Oliveira, H. P. (2024) · npj Precision Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41698-024-00617-7 · Cited by 53
Butyrate, a new microbiota-dependent player in CD8+ T cells immunity and cancer therapy?
Danne, C., & Sokol, H. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100328 · Cited by 51
“Compared with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy responder patients, non-responders have a reduced abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii orAkkermansia muciniphila, two bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).(2,3,4) Beyond taxonomy, microbial metabolism is indeed a key aspect of their functionality.”
BackgroundTsenkova, M., Brauer, M., Pozdeev, V. I., Kasakin, M. F., Busi, S. B., Schmoetten, M., Cheung, D., Meyers, M., Rodriguez, F., Gaigneaux, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56678-0 · Cited by 58
Lin, Y., Fan, L., Qi, Y., Xu, C., Jia, D., Jiang, Y., Chen, S., & Wang, L. (2023) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-023-02746-6 · Cited by 53
“Studies suggested that Bifidobacterium was associated with enhanced efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy [13, 14].”
BackgroundGut microbiota sways response to cancer immunotherapy
York, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2018.12 · Cited by 52
Hamada, K., Isobe, J., Hattori, K., Hosonuma, M., Baba, Y., Murayama, M., Narikawa, Y., Toyoda, H., Funayama, E., Tajima, K., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164724 · Cited by 56
“Groups in theUS and France have reported that certain gut bacteria may modulate the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies (8, 9, 13).”
BackgroundGut microbiome and response to checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer—A review
Nagasaka, M., Sexton, R. E., Alhasan, R., Rahman, S. B., Azmi, A. S., & Sukari, A. W. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102841 · Cited by 51
Stevens, J., Steinmeyer, S. H., Bonfield, M., Peterson, L. S., Wang, T. C., Gray, J. K., Lewkowich, I. P., Xu, Y. J., Du, Y., Guo, M., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abl3981 · Cited by 50
Lu, S., Xu, J., Zhao, Z., Guo, Y., Zhang, H., Jurutka, P. W., Huang, D., Cao, C., & Cheng, S. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo02018e · Cited by 54
Sex-Specific Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction on the Intestinal Microbiome
Wallis, K., Melnyk, S. B., & Miousse, I. R. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030781 · Cited by 48
The Microbiome and Cancer: Creating Friendly Neighborhoods and Removing the Foes Within
Parida, S., & Sharma, D. (2020) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2629 · Cited by 51
“longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium (91) whose individual contributions are yet to be tested.”
BackgroundJiang, S., Ma, W., Ma, C., Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2341717 · Cited by 52
“, 184,185 Esophageal cancer F. nucleatum in esophageal cancer tissues promoted aggressive tumor behaviors and was correlated with a poor prognosis.”
BackgroundInfluentialCFViSA: A comprehensive and free platform for visualization and statistics in omics-data
Wang, N., Li, Y., Han, S., et al. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108206 · Cited by 50
The Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Tumors
Koustas, E., Sarantis, P., Papavassiliou, A. G., & Karamouzis, M. V. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10050666 · Cited by 55
Tissue Site and the Cancer Immunity Cycle
Horton, B. L., Fessenden, T. B., & Spranger, S. (2019) · Trends in cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2019.07.006 · Cited by 50
Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases
Rodrigues, S. G., der Merwe, V., Krag, A. A., & Wiest, R. (2024) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859 · Cited by 51
Kamata, K., Watanabe, T., Minaga, K., Hara, A., Yoshikawa, T., Okamoto, A., Yamao, K., Takenaka, M., Park, A.-M., & Kudo, M. (2019) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxz050 · Cited by 52
Harness the functions of gut microbiome in tumorigenesis for cancer treatment
Lee, M. (2021) · Cancer Communications · doi:10.1002/cac2.12200 · Cited by 50
Gut microbiota-derived hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharides enhance cancer immunotherapy responses
Sardar, P., Beresford-Jones, B. S., Xia, W., Shabana, O., Suyama, S., Ramos, R. J. F., Soderholm, A. T., Tourlomousis, P., Kuo, P., Evans, A. C., et al. (2025) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-025-01930-y · Cited by 49
“We retrieved human metagenomic data from six publicly available datasets 1–4,11 , 16 through the National Center for”
Magri, V., Gottfried, T., Segni, M. D., Urban, D., Peled, M., Daher, S., Stoff, R., Bar, J., & Onn, A. (2019) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s210958 · Cited by 50
“Additional approaches include analysis of gene expression patterns,(17,18) serum proteomics,(19) and the gut microbiome composition.(20) We wanted to evaluate the correlation of CT-based sarcopenia parameters with simpler tools such as weight loss, BMI, and serum albumin levels.”
MethodPotential links between the microbiota and T cell immunity determine the tumor cell fate
Mohseni, A. H., Taghinezhad‐S, S., Casolaro, V., Lv, Z., & Li, D. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-05560-2 · Cited by 54
“However, there are only a handful of known commensal strains isolated from therapy-responsive patients and/or healthy patients that can potentially be used to modulate the functions of host physiological responses and promote anti-tumor phenotypes when transplanted into GF mice [4, 5].”
BackgroundJeong, Y., Jhun, J., Lee, S.-Y., Na, H. S., Choi, J., Cho, K.-H., Lee, S. Y., Lee, A. R., Park, S.-J., You, H. J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.736196 · Cited by 51
“Current use of bDMARD 9 (38) 15 (28) 24 (31) 6 (38)”
BackgroundSchlaberg, R. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2019.303248 · Cited by 50
Brubaker, L. T., Putonti, C., Dong, Q., & Wolfe, A. J. (2021) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-021-09862-8 · Cited by 50
Tumor microbiome: roles in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy
Zhang, S., Huang, J., Jiang, Z., Tong, H., Ma, X., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-025-00248-9 · Cited by 58
Systemic Immunoregulatory Consequences of Gut Commensal Translocation
McPherson, A. C., Pandey, S., Bender, M. J., & Meisel, M. (2021) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.12.005 · Cited by 51
Cancer Immunotherapy: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Brings Light
Zhang, J., Wu, K.-H., Shi, C., & Li, G. (2022) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-022-01027-2 · Cited by 50
Zhang, S., Cheng, L.-S., Zhang, Z., Sun, H., & Li, J. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106633 · Cited by 53
Impact of the microbiome on cancer progression and response to anti-cancer therapies
Rosean, C. B., Feng, T.-Y., Azar, F. N., & Rutkowski, M. R. (2019) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.005 · Cited by 52
“These responding animals had increased tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment whereas numbers of immunosuppressive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells remained unchanged, allowing for a more effective anti-tumor immune response (Matson et al., 2018).”
BackgroundImmunometabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment
Roy, D. G., Kaymak, I., Williams, K. S., Ma, E. H., & Jones, R. G. (2020) · Annual Review of Cancer Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055817 · Cited by 49
Role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer: focus on nivolumab
Jacome, A. A. D. A., & Eng, C. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2019.1680636 · Cited by 47
“aerifaciens, and Enterococcus faecium seem to be overrepresented among responder patients [143,146,147].”
BackgroundImpact of the gut microbiota on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicities
Pezo, R. C., Wong, M., & Martin, A. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756284819870911 · Cited by 51
Ueda, K., Yonekura, S., Ogasawara, N., Matsunaga, Y., Hoshino, R., Kurose, H., Chikui, K., Uemura, K., Nakiri, M., Nishihara, K., et al. (2019) · Anticancer Research · doi:10.21873/anticanres.13836 · Cited by 50
Zheng, H.-H., Du, C.-T., Yu, C., Tang, X.-Y., Huang, R., Zhang, Y., Gao, W., & Xie, G.-H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810928 · Cited by 53
Treatment of NSCLC after chemoimmunotherapy — are we making headway?
Reck, M., Frost, N., Peters, S., Fox, B. A., Ferrara, R., Savai, R., & Barlési, F. (2025) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-025-01061-7 · Cited by 62
“For example, the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut has been associated with improved responses to ICIs, as this bacterium promotes CD8 + T cell activation 99–102 .”
Li, Y., Dong, B., Wu, W., Wang, J., Jin, H., Chen, K., Huang, K., Huang, S., & Yao, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.865121 · Cited by 48
“Our findings echoed with one existing study conducted in patients with metastatic melanoma, where before receiving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, patients who later responded to immunotherapy were found with more abundant baseline Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus in their gut microbiota (48).”
ResultRole of the microbiome in oral cancer occurrence, progression and therapy
Li, Z., Liu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105638 · Cited by 51
Current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment
Wu, Z., Liu, J., Dai, R., & Wu, S. (2020) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-020-1768-y · Cited by 45
“One investigation in particular has indicated that the ratio of immunotherapy response-associated bacteria to immunotherapy resistance-associated bacteria could contribute to definitively stratifying responders from non-responders (Matson et al., 2018).”
BackgroundShaikh, F. Y., White, J. R., Gills, J. J., Hakozaki, T., Richard, C., Routy, B., Okuma, Y., Usyk, M., Pandey, A., Weber, J. S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4834 · Cited by 44
“To determine whether our taxonomic assignments were consistent across 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic WGS datasets, we performed a correlation analysis of taxonomic relative abundance estimates for a subset of samples with both 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequence data (5, 8), as well as an in silico selection…”
MethodButyrate Properties in Immune-Related Diseases: Friend or Foe?
Anshory, M., Effendi, R. M. R. A., Kalim, H., Dwiyana, R. F., Suwarsa, O., Nijsten, T. E. C., Nouwen, J. L., & Thio, H. B. (2023) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation9030205 · Cited by 55
High gastrointestinal microbial diversity and clinical outcome in graft-versus-host disease patients
Malard, F., Gasc, C., Plantamura, É., & Dore, J. M. (2018) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/s41409-018-0254-x · Cited by 48
Inulin prebiotic reinforces host cancer immunosurveillance via ɣδ T cell activation
Boucher, E., Plazy, C., Richard, M. L., Suau, A., Mangin, I., Cornet, M., Aldebert, D., Toussaint, B., & Hannani, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104224 · Cited by 50
Combination Immunotherapy Development in Melanoma
Eggermont, A. M. M., Crittenden, M. R., & Wargo, J. A. (2018) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_201131 · Cited by 47
Petrelli, F., Iaculli, A., Signorelli, D., Ghidini, A., Dottorini, L., Perego, G., Ghidini, M., Zaniboni, A., Gori, S., & Inno, A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9051458 · Cited by 47
“[20,21] evaluated fecal samples from melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-(L)1 blockade and found that those who failed immunotherapy had an imbalance in commensal bacteria composition, which was linked with impaired activity of immune cells.”
BackgroundModern Aspects of Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma
Petrova, V., Arkhypov, I., Weber, R., Groth, C., Altevogt, P., Utikal, J. S., & Umansky, V. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072367 · Cited by 50
“Another study demonstrated that the presence of Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium was associated with a better prognosis in melanoma patients [81].”
ResultMola, S., Pandolfo, C., Sica, A., & Porta, C. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186866 · Cited by 48
Resistance Mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle
Zhuang, Y., Liu, C. X., Liu, J., & Li, G. (2020) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s239398 · Cited by 47
“Furthermore, this resistance can be restored after the use of anti-CD25 treatment due to the depletion of Tregs.70”
BackgroundInfluentialCurrent Capabilities of Gut Microbiome–Based Diagnostics and the Promise of Clinical Application
Damhorst, G. L., Adelman, M. W., Woodworth, M. H., & Kraft, C. S. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa689 · Cited by 47
“A second study combined 16S sequencing and MGS of the gut microbiome in patients with metastatic melanoma to identify 43 unique operational taxonomic units differentially expressed between immunotherapy responders and nonresponders [27].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Matson, V., Fessler, J., Bao, R., Chongsuwat, T., Zha, Y., Alegre, M.-L., Luke, J. J., & Gajewski, T. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Matson, Vyara
- Fessler, Jessica
- Bao, Riyue
- Gajewski, Thomas F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-01-05
- Volume
- 359
- Issue
- 6371
- Pages
- 104-108
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6707353
- OpenAlex
- W2782333299
- Cited by
- 3,107
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 342 · 2025: 355 · 2024: 351 · 2023: 406 · 2022: 440 · 2021: 403 · 2020: 366 · 2019: 280 · 2018: 158
- FWCI
- 113.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (T32 CA009594)
- Melanoma Research Alliance (CA210098)
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, anti-PD-1 therapy, metastatic melanoma, Akkermansia muciniphila, antibiotic use, cancer immunotherapy response, gut dysbiosis, lung cancer, kidney cancer, immune cell activity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bifidobacterium longum, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Feces, Humans, Immunotherapy, Melanoma, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Skin Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Enterococcus faecium, Mice, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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