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The biology , function , and biomedical applications of exosomes
Open accessAbstract
Clinical uses of cellular communication: Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle that contain constituents (protein, DNA, and RNA) of the cells that secrete them. They are taken up by distant cells, where they can affect cell function and behavior. Intercellular communication through exosomes seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. In a Review, Kalluri and LeBleu discuss the biogenesis and function of exosomes in disease, highlighting areas where more research is needed. They also discuss the potential clinical applications of exosome profiling for diagnostics and exosome-mediated delivery of therapeutics to target disease cells. Science , this issue p. eaau6977
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“There are three major categories of EVs, namely exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, which are classified based on their biogenesis mechanism [39, 40].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
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“In many prior research into EVs, EVs have been conventionally classified into three main categories: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies based on their biogenesis mechanism [39, 40].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Among the key proteins found in sEVs are tetraspanins (CD63, CD9, and CD81), membrane trafficking proteins (RAB proteins and annexins), and proteins involved in MVBs formation (ALIX, TSG101, and clathrin) [40].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
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“The enclosure of the molecular components in EVs is mainly mediated by the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent and ESCRT-independent pathways [40].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
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In the citing paper
“Exosomes are, among them, endosomal-derived and are 10–150 nm in diameter [12,13].”
From Ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles from macrophage contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through loading ferritin (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
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“The content and function of EVs can differ significantly depending on their cell of origin, reflecting the cellular context and state, especially under disease conditions [40, 142].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles that facilitate intercellular communication via paracrine or other signaling pathways [12].”
From Hydrogel scaffold encapsulating MSC-Exos and ZIF-8 promotes bone regeneration via coordinating osteogenesis and immunomodulation (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
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“In the model we found massive expression of CD63, a marker of EVs [12,13], inside and also outside of various cells, including macrophages, myofibroblasts and mesothelial cells.”
From Ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles from macrophage contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through loading ferritin (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
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“EVs also play a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis (Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020, Lee and Schmitt, 2019, van Niel et al., 2018)”
From Small Extracellular Vesicles Have GST Activity and Ameliorate Senescence-Related Tissue Damage (2020) · cites this paper as Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020
In the citing paper
“Exosomes are a key component of intercellular signaling networks, transporting polypeptides, metabolic products, and nucleic acids between both adjacent and remote cells [204].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [204]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kalluri, R., & LeBleu, V. S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kalluri, Raghu
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2020-02-07
- Volume
- 367
- Issue
- 6478
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC7717626
- OpenAlex
- W3005104290
- Cited by
- 10,770
- References
- 244
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1781 · 2025: 2238 · 2024: 2222 · 2023: 1766 · 2022: 1430 · 2021: 996 · 2020: 328
- FWCI
- 108.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA213233, CA195733, CA231465)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, extracellular vesicles, exosome biogenesis, endosomes, intercellular communication, biomarkers, liquid biopsy, exosome therapy, disease diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cell Communication, Humans, Infections, Metabolic Diseases, Neoplasms, Reproduction, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Exosomes
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