Human microphysiological systems for drug development

Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip

Huh, D., Matthews, B. D., Mammoto, A., Montoya-Zavala, M., Hsin, H. Y., & Ingber, D. E. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188302 · Cited by 4,250 · see citing works

A complex human gut microbiome cultured in an anaerobic intestine-on-a-chip

Jalili-Firoozinezhad, S., Gazzaniga, F. S., Calamari, E. L., Camacho, D. M., Fadel, C. W., Bein, A., Swenor, B., Nestor, B., Cronce, M. J., Tovaglieri, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-019-0397-0 · Cited by 855 · see citing works

Organoids-on-a-chip

Park, S. E., Georgescu, A., & Huh, D. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw7894 · Cited by 847 · see citing works

Reproducing human and cross-species drug toxicities using a liver-chip

Jang, K.-J., Otieno, M. A., Ronxhi, J., Lim, H.-K., Ewart, L., Kodella, K. R., Petropolis, D. B., Kulkarni, G., Rubins, J. E., Conegliano, D., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5516 · Cited by 511 · see citing works

Quantitative prediction of human pharmacokinetic responses to drugs via fluidically coupled vascularized organ chips

Herland, A., Maoz, B. M., Das, D., Somayaji, M. R., Prantil‐Baun, R., Novak, R., Cronce, M. J., Huffstater, T. M., Jeanty, S. S. F., Ingram, M., et al. (2020) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-019-0498-9 · Cited by 505 · see citing works

A human-airway-on-a-chip for the rapid identification of candidate antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics

Si, L., Bai, H., Rodas, M., Cao, W., Oh, C. Y., Jiang, A., Moller, R., Hoagland, D., Oishi, K., Horiuchi, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-021-00718-9 · Cited by 440 · see citing works

A linked organ-on-chip model of the human neurovascular unit reveals the metabolic coupling of endothelial and neuronal cells

Maoz, B. M., Herland, A., Fitzgerald, E. A., Grevesse, T., Vidoudez, C., Pacheco, A. R., Sheehy, S. P., Park, T., Dauth, S., Mannix, R. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4226 · Cited by 428 · see citing works

On-chip recapitulation of clinical bone marrow toxicities and patient-specific pathophysiology

Chou, D. B., Frismantas, V., Milton, Y., David, R. M., Pop-Damkov, P., Ferguson, D., MacDonald, A., Bölükbaşı, Ö. V., Joyce, C. E., Teixeira, L. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-019-0495-z · Cited by 301 · see citing works

Biology-inspired microphysiological systems to advance medicines for patient benefit and animal welfare

Marx, U. (2020) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2001241 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Multi-organ system for the evaluation of efficacy and off-target toxicity of anticancer therapeutics

McAleer, C. W., Long, C. J., Elbrecht, D., Sasserath, T., Bridges, L. R., Rumsey, J. W., Martin, C., Schnepper, M., Wang, Y., Schuler, F., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1386 · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Inflamed neutrophils sequestered at entrapped tumor cells via chemotactic confinement promote tumor cell extravasation

Chen, M. B., Hajal, C., Benjamin, D. C., Yu, C., Azizgolshani, H., Hynes, R. O., & Kamm, R. D. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1715932115 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

Organ‐on‐Chip recapitulates thrombosis induced by an anti‐CD154 monoclonal antibody: translational potential of advanced microengineered systems

Barrile, R., van der Meer, A. D., Park, H., Fraser, J. P., Simic, D., Teng, F., Conegliano, D., Nguyen, J., Jain, A., Zhou, M., et al. (2018) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1054 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Four-Organ-Chip

Ramme, A. P., Koenig, L., Hasenberg, T., Schwenk, C., Magauer, C., Faust, D., Lorenz, A., Krebs, A.-C., Drewell, C., Schirrmann, K., et al. (2019) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2019-0065 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Metal‐Specific Biomaterial Accumulation in Human Peri‐Implant Bone and Bone Marrow

Schoon, J., Hesse, B., Rakow, A., Ort, M., Lagrange, A., Jacobi, D., Winter, A., Huesker, K., Reinke, S., Cotte, M., et al. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202000412 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Simultaneous evaluation of anti-EGFR-induced tumour and adverse skin effects in a microfluidic human 3D co-culture model

Hübner, J., Raschke, M., Rütschle, I., Gräßle, S., Hasenberg, T., Schirrmann, K., Lorenz, A., Schnurre, S., Lauster, R., Maschmeyer, I., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33462-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology

Ewart, L., Apostolou, A., Briggs, S. A., Carman, C. V., Chaff, J. T., Heng, A. R., Jadalannagari, S., Janardhanan, J., Jang, K.-J., Joshipura, S. R., et al. (2022) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-022-00209-1 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Smirnova, L., Caffo, B. S., Gracias, D. H., Huang, Q., Pantoja, I. E. M., Tang, B., Zack, D. J., Berlinicke, C. A., Boyd, J. L., Harris, T. D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Science · doi:10.3389/fsci.2023.1017235 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Shell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for brain organoids

Huang, Q., Tang, B.-H., Romero, J. C., Yang, Y., Elsayed, S. K., Pahapale, G. J., Lee, T.-J., Pantoja, I. E. M., Han, F., Berlinicke, C. J., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq5031 · Cited by 195 · see citing works

A human kidney and liver organoid‐based multi‐organ‐on‐a‐chip model to study the therapeutic effects and biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles

Nguyen, V. V. T., Ye, S., Gkouzioti, V., van Wolferen, M. E., Yengej, F. Y., Melkert, D., Siti, S., de Jong, B., Besseling, P. J., Spee, B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12280 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Advanced Materials and Sensors for Microphysiological Systems: Focus on Electronic and Electrooptical Interfaces

Kavand, H., Nasiri, R., & Herland, A. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202107876 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

The Promise and Potential of Brain Organoids

Smirnova, L., & Hartung, T. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202302745 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

ToxAIcology - The evolving role of artificial intelligence in advancing toxicology and modernizing regulatory science

Härtung, T. (2023) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2309191 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi

Caloni, F., Angelis, I. D., & Härtung, T. (2022) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Recommendations on fit-for-purpose criteria to establish quality management for microphysiological systems and for monitoring their reproducibility

Pamies, D., Ekert, J., Zurich, M.-G., Frey, O., Werner, S., Piergiovanni, M., Freedman, B. S., Keong Teo, A. K., Erfurth, H., Reyes, D. R., et al. (2024) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.03.009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Translational Aspects of 3D and 4D Printing and Bioprinting

Taylor, S., Mueller, E., Jones, L. R., Makela, A. V., & Ashammakhi, N. A. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202400463 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Integrated biosensors for monitoring microphysiological systems

Mou, L., Mandal, K., Mecwan, M. M., Hernández, A. L., Maity, S., Sharma, S., Herculano, R. D., Kawakita, S., Jucaud, V., Dokmeci, M. R., et al. (2022) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc00262k · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Organoids‐On‐a‐Chip for Personalized Precision Medicine

Man, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, Q., Zhang, Z., Li, M., Xu, L., Tan, Y., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202401843 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies for biomedical research and drug development: A focus on the vasculature

Véliz, D. S., Lin, K., & Sahlgren, C. (2023) · Smart Medicine · doi:10.1002/smmd.20220030 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

AI, agentic models and lab automation for scientific discovery — the beginning of scAInce

Härtung, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1649155 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Advances in medical devices using nanomaterials and nanotechnology: Innovation and regulatory science

Lin, C., Huang, X. L., Xue, Y., Jiang, S., Chen, C., Liu, Y., & Chen, K. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Microphysiological Systems Evaluation: Experience of TEX-VAL Tissue Chip Testing Consortium

Rusyn, I., Sakolish, C., Kato, Y., Stephan, C., Vergara, L., Hewitt, P., Bhaskaran, V., Davis, M., Hardwick, R. N., Ferguson, S. S., et al. (2022) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfac061 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Patient‐Derived Microphysiological Systems for Precision Medicine

Ko, J., Song, J., Choi, N., & Kim, H. N. (2023) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202303161 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Organoid intelligence (OI) – The ultimate functionality of a brain microphysiological system

Smirnova, L. (2023) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2303261 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Metabolomics in Preclinical Drug Safety Assessment: Current Status and Future Trends

Sillé, F. C. M., & Härtung, T. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14020098 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Academic User View: Organ-on-a-Chip Technology

Busek, M., Aizenshtadt, A., Amirola-Martinez, M., Delon, L., & Krauss, S. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12020126 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Qualifying a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology: Performance assessment and economic implicationsPreprint

Ewart, L. C., Apostolou, A. P., Briggs, S. A., Carman, C. V., Chaff, J. T., Heng, A. R., Jadalannagari, S., Janardhanan, J., Jang, K., Joshipura, S. R., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472674 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Modelling Human Physiology on-Chip: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions

Pun, S., Haney, L. C., & Barrile, R. (2021) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi12101250 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Reimagining human-centric drug development with new approach methodologies

Wu, X., Wu, M. A., Zou, J., Kleinstreuer, N., & Wu, J. C. (2026) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aeb0045 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

A call for a Human Exposome Project

Härtung, T. (2023) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2301061 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Patient-derived tumor spheroid-induced angiogenesis preclinical platform for exploring therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer

Ko, J., Hyung, S., Heo, Y. J., Jung, S., Kim, S. T., Park, S. H., Hong, J. Y., Lim, S. H., Kim, K., Yoo, S., et al. (2024) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122504 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Developing Liver Microphysiological Systems for Biomedical Applications

Wang, J., Wu, X., Zhao, J., Ren, H., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202302217 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Gut-on-a-Chip Research for Drug Development: Implications of Chip Design on Preclinical Oral Bioavailability or Intestinal Disease Studies

Donkers, J. M., van der Vaart, J. I., & van de Steeg, E. (2023) · Biomimetics · doi:10.3390/biomimetics8020226 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Microfluidic vascular models of tumor cell extravasation

Kim, S., Wan, Z., Jeon, J. S., & Kamm, R. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1052192 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Microphysiological systems as reliable drug discovery and evaluation tools: Evolution from innovation to maturity

Moon, H., Surianarayanan, N., Singh, T., & Han, B. (2023) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/5.0179444 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Revealing the clinical potential of high-resolution organoids

Ko, J., Hyung, S., Cheong, S., Chung, Y., & Jeon, N. L. (2024) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2024.115202 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Revolutionizing developmental neurotoxicity testing - a journey from animal models to advanced in vitro systems

(2024) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2403281 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Advanced rational design of polymeric nanoparticles for the controlled delivery of biologics

Rodriguez‐Cruz, J. J., Chapa-Villarreal, F. A., Duggal, I., & Peppas, N. A. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113940 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Normoglycemia and physiological cortisone level maintain glucose homeostasis in a pancreas-liver microphysiological system

Rigal, S., Casas, B., Kanebratt, K. P., Huldt, C. W., Magnusson, L. U., Müllers, E., Karlsson, F. H., Clausen, M., Hansson, S., Leonard, L., et al. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06514-w · Cited by 21 · see citing works

A bionic controllable strain membrane for cell stretching at air–liquid interface inspired by papercutting

Li, Y., Xie, M., Lv, S., Sun, Y., Li, Z., Gu, Z., & He, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/acef77 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Engineering perfusion to meet tumor biology: are vascularized tumor-on-a-chip models ready to drive therapy innovation?

Poljak, I., Chiappini, C., & Adriani, G. (2026) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d5lc01060h · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The Implementation Moonshot Project for Alternative Chemical Testing (IMPACT) toward a Human Exposome Project

Sillé, F. C. M., Busquet, F., Fitzpatrick, S., Herrmann, K., Leenhouts-Martin, L., Luechtefeld, T., Maertens, A., Miller, G. W., Smirnova, L., Tsaioun, K., et al. (2024) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2407081 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Revolutionizing Biomedical Research: Unveiling the Power of Microphysiological Systems with Advanced Assays, Integrated Sensor Technologies, and Real-Time Monitoring

Samantasinghar, A., Sunildutt, N., Ahmed, F., Memon, F. H., Kang, C.-U., & Choi, K. H. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c11227 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Lactate Sensing

Animashaun, C., Lahcen, A. A., & Slaughter, G. E. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15060384 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

A primary human Gut/Liver microphysiological system to estimate human oral bioavailability

Abbas, Y., van Wyk, M., Sze, H., Christophi, J., Spreen, A., Bliton, R. J., Boazak, E. M., & Kostrzewski, T. M. (2025) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100130 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Alternative methods go green! Green toxicology as a sustainable approach for assessing chemical safety and designing safer chemicals

Maertens, A., Luechtefeld, T. H., Knight, J., & Härtung, T. (2024) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2312291 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Do We Know Enough About the Safety Profile of Silver Nanoparticles in Oncology? A Focus on Novel Methods and Approaches

Takáč, P., Michalková, R., Čižmáriková, M., Bedlovičová, Z., Balážová, Ľ., Megyesi, Š. L., Mačeková, Z., Takáčová, G., Moreno-Borrallo, A., Ruiz‐Hernández, E., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115344 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Complex or not too complex? One size does not fit all in next generation microphysiological systems

Bersini, S., Arrigoni, C., Talò, G., Candrian, C., & Moretti, M. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109199 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Neuronal cultures playing Pong: First steps toward advanced screening and biological computing

Smirnova, L., & Härtung, T. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Recent Advances in Drug Discovery Toxicology

Tang, B., & More, V. R. (2023) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1177/10915818231189659 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Quality criteria for in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived models of tissue-based cells

Pistollato, F., Bal-Price, A., Coecke, S., Parvatam, S., Pamies, D., Czysz, K., Hao, J., Kee, K., Teo, A. K. K., Niu, S., et al. (2022) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

An immune-liver microphysiological system method for evaluation and quality control of hepatotoxicity induced by Polygonum multiflorum thunb. Extract

Deng, Q., Qu, Y., Luo, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.119633 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Optimization of Application-Driven Development of In Vitro Neuromuscular Junction Models

Strickland, J. B., Davis, K. L., Micheva‐Viteva, S., Twary, S. N., Iyer, R. S., Harris, J. F., & Solomon, E. A. (2022) · Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0204 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Diffusion-based culture and real-time impedance monitoring of tumor spheroids in hydrogel microwells of a suspended membrane under microfluidic conditions

Wang, W., Liu, Y., Huang, X., Liang, F., Luo, H., Mao, Z., Shi, J., Wang, L., Peng, J., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126473 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Cell and tissue reprogramming: Unlocking a new era in medical drug discovery

Sen, C. K., Friday, A. J., & Roy, S. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100077 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Editorial: Advances in and applications of predictive toxicology: 2022

Najjar, A., Kramer, N. I., Gardner, I. B., Härtung, T., & Steger‐Hartmann, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1257423 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

AI: the Apollo guidance computer of the Exposome moonshot

Sillé, F. C. M., & Härtung, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1632520 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Biomaterials for Cell Manufacturing

Miller, R. C., & Temenoff, J. S. (2024) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00634 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Organ-on-a-chip Technology Roadmap: Regulatory Framework, Industry Adoption, Key Players, Technology Transfer, Validation, and Ethical Considerations

Bonaccorsi, S. (2024) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837673476-00461 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Harnessing CRISPR technology for next-generation microphysiological systems

Song, S., Kang, H. W., Kang, M., Chung, S. H., Choi, N., Kim, H. N., & Sung, Y. J. (2025) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2025.118164 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Integration of heart-on-a-chip and metabolomics for understanding the toxicity-attenuating effect of ethnomedicinal processing

Xu, X., Liu, Y., Yu, S., Cheung, S., Cui, M., Ai, Y., Zhang, Y., & Liang, Q. (2025) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156985 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

COVID-19 – prime time for microphysiological systems, as illustrated for the brain

Kang, I. (2021) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2110131 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Microphysiological systems as a pillar of the Human Exposome Project

Sillé, F. C. M., Smirnova, L., & Härtung, T. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110782 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Highly Strong and Transparent Hydrogel Elastomers Microfabricated for 3D Microphysiological Systems

Li, W., Li, L., He, H., Wang, P., Zhou, Z., Wu, W., Lv, D., Chen, Y., Pan, W., Zhou, X., et al. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c07880 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Multiscale aggregation materials for disease therapy and bioanalysis

Zhu, Y., Tang, H., & Jiang, X. (2025) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d5cc05311k · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Causality analysis of toxicological mechanisms in networked systems such as adverse outcome pathway networks

Härtung, T., Kopańska, K., Maertens, A., Whaley, P., & Hoffmann, S. (2026) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-026-04386-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works

A novel thin plate spline methodology to model tissue surfaces and quantify tumor cell invasion in organ-on-chip models

Elton, E., Strelez, C., Ung, N. M., Perez, R. G., Ghaffarian, K., Hixon, D., Matasci, N., & Mumenthaler, S. M. (2024) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100163 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Liver–Skin Microphysiological System for Evaluating Topical Drug Delivery-Induced Liver Injury

Du, K., Wang, B., Yang, N., Jin, J., Liu, W., Pu, F., Zou, L., Qu, Z., & Chen, L. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c00222 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Multiplexed Luminal Tissue Constructs with Reconfigurable Barriers for Dynamic Modeling of Multi‐Tissue Interactions

Humayun, M., Jiménez‐Torres, J. A., Li, C., Ayuso, J. M., Lugo-Cintrón, K. M., Ulbrich, J., Myers, B., Kerr, S. C., Ahmed, A., & Beebe, D. J. (2025) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202500429 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Lessons and Insights From the First Microphysiological World Summit

Ashammakhi, N. A., Nakipoğlu, M., & Härtung, T. (2023) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Open · doi:10.1097/sc9.0000000000000011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Human In Vitro Models of Neuroenergetics and Neurometabolic Disturbances: Current Advances and Clinical Perspectives

Rogal, J., Zamproni, L. N., Nikolakopoulou, P., Ygberg, S. E., Wedell, A., Wredenberg, A., & Herland, A. (2024) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.1093/stcltm/szae021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Toward Functional Biointerfaces with Origami‐on‐a‐Chip

Romero, A. I., Jin, Q., Parker, K. K., Alexander, J., Wolfrum, B. L., & Teshima, T. (2024) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202400055 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

HydroMEA: A 3D Hydrogel‐Based Microfluidic Device to Study Electrophysiology for Myelinated Nerve‐on‐Chip

Clément, B., Pfister, C., Kurer, T., Baalbaki, N., Paxtian-Treviño, M. E., Sim, J., Labouesse, C., Deshmukh, D., Hengsteler, J., Lehmann, J., et al. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.71655 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Effects of culture media on gene expression in reconstructed human epidermis and THP-1 monocytes for skin sensitization evaluation in co-culture systems

Sugimoto-Sawada, Y., Yamashiro, M., Kono, M., Ikeda, H., Itagaki, H., & Iijima, K. (2025) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106035 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Association between immune cells and multiple cancers: Insights from Mendelian randomization and gene-based analysis

Tang, M., Cui, H., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Xiang, R., Xiao, J., Chen, L., Zou, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114618 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Human organ-on-a-chip technology as a catalyst for drug discovery

Posey, R. R., Özkan, A., & Ingber, D. E. (2026) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115920 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

New horizons of microphysiological systems: India forging its path in human-relevant research

Parvatam, S., Mahadik, K., Banerjee, A. A., Patil, K., Radha, V., & Rao, M. (2023) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.059847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Creating Tiny Human “Organs” to Test medicines… and More!

Smirnova, L., & Härtung, T. (2024) · Frontiers for Young Minds · doi:10.3389/frym.2024.1320408 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

NAMazing: Déjà Vu at the lab bench - Why animal-free science is the new automobile

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Introduction: Trends, Puzzles, and Hopes for the Future of Healthcare

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Toxicity testing in the 21st century: Approaches to implementation

Härtung, T. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.00979-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

New Approach Method for drug discovery and development aimed at regulatory acceptance

Kojima, H., & Hirabayashi, Y. (2023) · Folia Pharmacologica Japonica · doi:10.1254/fpj.22154

Predicting unpredictable human pharmacokinetics: case studies from the trenches of drug discovery

Yang, Z. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817134-9.00022-2

Importance and applications of cell- and tissue-based in vitro models for drug permeability screening in early stages of drug development

Cabrera‐Pérez, M. Á., Bermejo-Sanz, M., González‐Álvarez, M., González‐Álvarez, I., Lara, V. V., & Chou, W.-H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15510-9.00017-7

Self-organizing human neuronal cultures in the modeling of environmental impacts on learning and intelligence

Härtung, T., Thornton, J. R., & Smirnova, L. (2024) · Advances in neurotoxicology · doi:10.1016/bs.ant.2024.09.001

High Content Imaging Applications of Advanced and Translational Disease Models in Drug Discovery and Development

Cui, W., Haffa, M., Massai, F., Qian, K., Vallin, M., Axelsson, H., & Seashore-Ludlow, B. A. (2025) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837676941-00168

Shear‐Induced CROSS (Cellular RedOx Spreading Shield) Assembly Sustains Neurotrophic Extracellular Vesicle Production for Functional Neural Networks

Miller, R. C., Kang, S., Wang, J. X., Huang, K., Lee, J., Kim, Y. J., Han, H., & Kong, H. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202522252

Engineering PDMS membranes with tunable biomimetic curvatures: from partial curing to vacuum-induced shaping

Wu, Y.-C., & Hsu, C. (2026) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115816

Green toxicology only becomes beautiful through AI

Maertens, A., & Härtung, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2026.1801623 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Microphysiological system-based respiratory toxicity assessment: recent advances and regulatory perspectives

Bang, I. J., Kim, M.-S., Han, Y., Kim, G. E., Lim, J. E., Park, J. Y., Yoo, J., Jang, Y. S., 이, 범., Kwak, M., et al. (2026) · Toxicological Research · doi:10.1007/s43188-026-00372-w

Three-Dimensional Engineered Platforms for Disease Modeling

Hoang, T. T. T., Ramos‐Rodriguez, D. H., & Leach, J. K. (2026) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-30294-6_15

Functional Vascularization in Tumor Organoid and Tumor-on-Chip Models: Evidence Requirements for Attributing Therapy-Resistance Mechanisms

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Microfluidic engineering of polymer-based drug delivery systems: From particle synthesis to organ-on-a-chip validation and application

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Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine: Current Advances, Applications and Future Perspective

Prajapati, T. A., Akbari, K. K., Patel, S. P., Patel, S. P., Raval, A. M., & UKANI, D. A. (2026) · Pharmacology and Toxicology Research · doi:10.68163/ptr.2026.69

The role of artificial intelligence in overcoming animal testing

Hartung, T., Luechtefeld, T., & Maertens, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26514-3.00007-2

Real-time integrated and multiplexed electrochemical sensor for reactive oxygen species in a high-throughput microphysiological system

Records, W. C., Cain, B. P., Sheppard, N. F., Matranga, M. J., Segura, C. A., Chléirigh, C. N., Quinnert, A., Lai, W., Pretorius, S., Wells, C. E., et al. (2026) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d6lc00601a

Towards the One Exposome: harnessing artificial intelligence and digital health technologies across One Health toxicology, new approach methodologies, and environmental public health

Coecke, S., & Hartung, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1921273

A roadmap for modernizing vaccine safety assessment: Challenges and opportunities for new approach methodologies

Sillé, F., Désert, P., Levis, R., Wrzesinski, C., Cavaleri, M., & Hartung, T. (2026) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2608271

New approach methodologies in nanomedicine: bridging the gap between in silico , in vitro , and in vivo systems

Radwan, Y., Rebolledo, L. P., Skelly, E., Grabarnik, E., Jain, S., Halman, M., Chammas, R. J., Zakharov, A. V., Dobrovolskaia, M. A., & Afonin, K. A. (2026) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d6cs01323f

Body-on-chip systems and clinical biomarkers discovery

Härtung, T., & Smirnova, L. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-16110-0.00008-x

Accelerating drug discovery via organs-on-chips

Chan, C. Y., Huang, P., Guo, F., Ding, X., Kapur, V., Mai, J. D., Yuen, P. K., & Huang, T. J. (2013) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c3lc90115g · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Organs-on-chips (microphysiological systems): tools to expedite efficacy and toxicity testing in human tissue

Fabre, K. M., Livingston, C., & Tagle, D. A. (2014) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370214538916 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development

Monteduro, A. G., Rizzato, S., Caragnano, G., Trapani, A., Giannelli, G., & Maruccio, G. (2023) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115271 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

Personalised organs-on-chips: functional testing for precision medicine

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Organs-on-chips: research and commercial perspectives

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