Toward a European carbon footprint rule for batteries
Abstract
Focus on upstream production, not downstream use
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The raw material sector is one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions of LIB cell production.
“The raw material sector is one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions of LIB cell production.95,96”
From Current and Future Impacts of Lithium Carbonate from Brines: A Global Regionalized Life Cycle Assessment Model (2025) · cites this paper as [95]
Battery material production and large-scale LIB manufacturing are GHG emission hotspots in the battery life cycle.
“previously published evidence that has identified battery material production and large-scale LIB manufacturing as GHG emission hotspots in the battery life cycle (Chordia et al., 2021;Kallitsis, 2023;Peiseler et al., 2022).”
From Think global act local: The dependency of global lithium-ion battery emissions on production location and material sources (2024) · cites this paper as Peiseler et al., 2022
Unlocking the full climate benefit of electrification requires further decarbonisation of upstream LIB production.
“it is now evident that unlocking the full climate benefit of electrification requires further decarbonisation of upstream LIB production (Milovanoff et al., 2020;Peiseler et al., 2022).”
From Think global act local: The dependency of global lithium-ion battery emissions on production location and material sources (2024) · cites this paper as Peiseler et al., 2022
The European Commission will require CF disclosures for any battery placed on the market from 2024.
“the European Commission will require CF disclosures for any battery placed on the market from 2024 (Peiseler et al., 2022).”
From Think global act local: The dependency of global lithium-ion battery emissions on production location and material sources (2024) · cites this paper as Peiseler et al., 2022
Policymakers have begun to implement measures to reduce the carbon footprint of LIBs.
“Consequently, policymakers have begun to implement measures to reduce the carbon footprint (CF) of LIBs14.”
From Carbon footprint distributions of lithium-ion batteries and their materials (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
Cites
The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review
Peters, J. F., Baumann, M., Zimmermann, B., Braun, J., & Weil, M. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.039 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Visualization and Quantification of Electrochemical and Mechanical Degradation in Li Ion Batteries
Ebner, M., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., & Wood, V. C. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241882 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Self-citationDegradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions
Preger, Y., Barkholtz, H. M., Fresquez, A., Campbell, D. L., Juba, B. W., Kustas, J., Ferreira, S. R., & Chalamala, B. R. (2020) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/abae37 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Production caused variation in capacity aging trend and correlation to initial cell performance
Baumhöfer, T., Brühl, M., Rothgang, S., & Sauer, D. U. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.108 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Global implications of the EU battery regulation
Melin, H. E., Rajaeifar, M. A., Ku, A. Y., Kendall, A. M., Harper, G. D. J., & Heidrich, O. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abh1416 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Consumption‐based carbon accounting: does it have a future?
Afionis, S., Sakai, M., Scott, K., Barrett, J., & Gouldson, A. (2017) · WIREs Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.438 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Determinants of lithium-ion battery technology cost decline
Ziegler, M. S., Song, J., & Trancik, J. E. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee01313k · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries
Crenna, E., Gauch, M., Widmer, R., Wäger, P., & Hischier, R. (2021) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Sabet, P. S., Warnecke, A., Meier, F., Witzenhausen, H., Martinez-Laserna, E., & Sauer, D. U. (2019) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227369 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Additional Emissions and Cost from Storing Electricity in Stationary Battery Systems
Schmidt, T. S., Beuse, M., Zhang, X., Steffen, B., Schneider, S. F., Pena-Bello, A., Bauer, C., & Parra, D. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b05313 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationDegradation of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in electricity grid services
Elliott, M., Swan, L. G., Dubarry, M., & Baure, G. (2020) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101873 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Environment, Energy, and the Tinbergen Rule
Knudson, W. A. (2008) · Bulletin of Science Technology & Society · doi:10.1177/0270467608325375 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A “technology-smart” battery policy strategy for Europe
Beuse, M., Schmidt, T. S., & Wood, V. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau2516 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationInhomogeneous aging of cathode materials in commercial 18650 lithium ion battery cells
Wang, H., & Whitacre, J. F. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102244 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gutsch, M., & Leker, J. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122132 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Carbon footprint distributions of lithium-ion batteries and their materials
Peiseler, L., Schenker, V., Schatzmann, K., Pfister, S., Wood, V., & Schmidt, T. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54634-y · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationKallitsis, E., Lindsay, J. J., Chordia, M., Wu, B., Offer, G. J., & Edge, J. S. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141725 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Is lithium from geothermal brines the sustainable solution for Li-ion batteries?
Schenker, V., Bayer, P., Oberschelp, C., & Pfister, S. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.114456 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Schenker, V., & Pfister, S. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c12619 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Peiseler, L., Bauer, C., Beuse, M., Wood, V., & Schmidt, T. S.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Paul Scherrer Institute (CH)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2022-09-23
- Volume
- 377
- Issue
- 6613
- Pages
- 1386-1388
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W4296798135
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
- Keywords
- carbon footprint, batteries, European Union regulation, life cycle assessment, greenhouse gas emissions, battery supply chain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
