Cited by 173Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative MechanismsCell death mechanisms and regulationAntimicrobial Peptides and Activities

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ETosis: A Novel Cell Death Pathway

Wartha, Florian, Henriques-Normark, Birgitta·2008·Science Signaling

DOI 10.1126/stke.121pe25

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Abstract

The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by neutrophils and mast cells is an important mechanism in the innate immune response. These structures consist of a chromatin-DNA backbone with attached antimicrobial peptides and enzymes that trap and kill microbes. After stimulation of neutrophils and mast cells with phorbol esters, chemoattractant peptides, or chemokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, by NAPDH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)] oxidase initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the disintegration of the nuclear and cellular membranes and the formation of ETs. This form of cell death is neither apoptotic nor necrotic, but whether it occurs because of the oxidation of phosphatases and kinases, as in other ROS-mediated signaling cascades, remains to be elucidated. These findings implicate "ETosis" as a novel cell death pathway in leukocytes.

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Authors: Wartha, F., & Henriques-Normark, B.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 17182 Solna, Sweden, and the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Venue: Science Signaling
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2008-05-27
Volume: 1
Issue: 21
Pages: pe25-pe25
ISSN: 1937-9145 (ISSN-L)
1945-0877
DOI: 10.1126/stke.121pe25
OpenAlex: W2076770085
Cited by: 173
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 0.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science Signaling (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Keywords: extracellular traps, ETosis, neutrophils, mast cells, cell death pathways, reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, innate immunity, antimicrobial peptides, leukocytes
MeSH terms: Bacteria, Bacterial Adhesion, Immunity, Mast Cells, Neutrophils, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species

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