Evolutionary Dynamics of Candida albicans during In Vitro Evolution
Open accessAbstract
While mechanisms of resistance to major antifungal agents have been characterized in Candida albicans, little is known about the evolutionary trajectories during the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we examined the evolutionary dynamics of C. albicans that evolved in vitro in the presence or absence of fluconazole using the visualizing evolution in real-time (VERT) method, a novel experimental approach that facilitates the systematic isolation of adaptive mutants that arise in the population. We found an increase in the frequency of adaptive events in the presence of fluconazole compared to the no-drug controls. Analysis of the evolutionary dynamics revealed that mutations that led to increased drug resistance appeared frequently and that mutants with increased levels of resistance arose in independent lineages. Interestingly, most adaptive mutants with increased fitness in the presence of the drug did not exhibit a significant fitness decrease in the absence of the drug, supporting the idea that rapid resistance can arise from mutations in strains maintained in the population prior to exposure to the drug.
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Both batch serial transfer and continuous culture methods have been successfully used to study the emergence of drug resistance in Candida yeasts.
“Both methods have been successfully used to study the emergence of drug resistance in Candida yeasts [150,151].”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [151]
Similar to the previous study, multiple resistant mutants appeared rapidly in independent lineages.
“Similar to the previous study, multiple resistant mutants appeared rapidly in independent lineages.”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [151]
Another study compared the evolution of experimental C. albicans populations evolved under the presence of fluconazole with those without this stress.
“Another study compared the evolution of experimental C. albicans populations evolved under the presence of fluconazole with those without this stress [151].”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [151]
Most adaptive mutants with increased fitness under drug exposure did not show significant fitness defects in the absence of the drug.
“Moreover, they found that most adaptive mutants with increased fitness under drug exposure did not show significant fitness defects in the absence of the drug.”
From Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens (2018) · cites this paper as [151]
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- Authors
- Huang, M., McClellan, M., Berman, J., & Kao, K. C.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kao, Katy C.
- Venue
- Eukaryotic Cell
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1413-1421
- ISSN
- 1535-9778 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-9786
- PMC
- PMC3209058
- OpenAlex
- W2114651391
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Eukaryotic Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1054276)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH-R01)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI062427, R01AI0624273)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, fluconazole resistance, antifungal resistance, in vitro evolution, fitness cost of resistance, drug resistance emergence
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Biological Evolution, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mutation, Fluconazole, Directed Molecular Evolution, Evolution, Molecular, Drug Resistance, Fungal
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