The presence of an R467K amino acid substitution and loss of allelic variation correlate with an azole-resistant lanosterol 14alpha demethylase in Candida albicans

White, T C

doi:10.1128/aac.41.7.1488

Cited by 292Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal and yeast genetics researchFungal Plant Pathogen Control

The presence of an R467K amino acid substitution and loss of allelic variation correlate with an azole-resistant lanosterol 14alpha demethylase in Candida albicans

Open access

White, T C·1997·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

DOI 10.1128/aac.41.7.1488PMC PMC163945

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Azole resistance in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is an emerging problem in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population. The target enzyme of the azole drugs is lanosterol 14alpha demethylase (Erg16p), a cytochrome P-450 enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol. Biochemical analysis demonstrates that Erg16p became less susceptible to fluconazole in isolate 13 in a series of isolates from an HIV-infected patient. PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to scan for genomic alterations of ERG16 in the isolates that would cause this change in the enzyme in isolate 13. Alterations near the 3' end of the gene that were identified by PCR-SSCP were confirmed by DNA sequencing. A single amino acid substitution (R467K) that occurred in isolate 13 was identified in both alleles of ERG16. Allelic differences within the ERG16 gene, in the ERG16 promoter, and in the downstream THR1 gene were eliminated in isolate 13. The loss of allelic variation in this region of the genome is most likely the result of mitotic recombination or gene conversion. The R467K mutation and loss of allelic variation that occur in isolate 13 are likely responsible for the azole-resistant enzyme activity seen in this and subsequent isolates. The description of R467K represents the first point mutation to be identified within ERG16 of a clinical isolate of C. albicans that alters the fluconazole sensitivity of the enzyme.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/aac.41.7.1488

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Over the past 20 years, these strains have been extensively investigated at the genomic and transcriptomic levels to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance, revealing a combination of various resistance mechanisms among the resistant strains.
“Over the past 20 years, these strains have been extensively investigated at the genomic and transcriptomic levels to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance (25–35), revealing a combination of various resistance mechanisms among the resistant strains (Table 1).”
From Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

Increased mRNA levels of ERG16, CDR, and MDR1 correlate with increases in azole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus
White, T. C. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.7.1482 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Clinical, Cellular, and Molecular Factors That Contribute to Antifungal Drug Resistance
White, T. C., Marr, K. A., & Bowden, R. A. (1998) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.11.2.382 · Cited by 1,353 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased mRNA levels of ERG16, CDR, and MDR1 correlate with increases in azole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus
White, T. C. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.7.1482 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Self-citation
Progress in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. by Use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods, 2010 to 2012
Pfaller, M. A., & Diekema, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00937-12 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Prevalence of Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Azole Antifungal Agents in Candida albicans Strains Displaying High-Level Fluconazole Resistance Isolated from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients
Perea, S., López-Ribot, J. L., Kirkpatrick, W. R., McAtee, R. K., Santillán, R. A., Martı́nez, M., Calabrese, D., Sanglard, D., & Patterson, T. F. (2001) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.45.10.2676-2684.2001 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans
White, T. C., Holleman, S., Dy, F., Mirels, L. F., & Stevens, D. A. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1704-1713.2002 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citation
Molecular Evolution of Antifungal Drug Resistance
Robbins, N., Caplan, T., & Cowen, L. E. (2017) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-030117-020345 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Molecular basis of resistance to azole antifungals.
Lupetti, A. (2002) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(02)02280-3 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Candida Biofilm Drug Resistance
Taff, H. T., Mitchell, K. F., Edward, J. A., & Andes, D. R. (2013) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb.13.101 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
A Mutation in Tac1p, a Transcription Factor Regulating CDR1 and CDR2 , Is Coupled With Loss of Heterozygosity at Chromosome 5 to Mediate Antifungal Resistance in Candida albicans
Coste, A., Turner, V., Ischer, F., Morschhäuser, J., Forche, A., Selmecki, A., Berman, J., Bille, J., & Sanglard, D. (2006) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054767 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Contribution of mutations in the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (Erg11p, Cyp51p) to azole resistance in Candida albicans
Marichal, P., Koymans, L., Willemsens, S., Bellens, D., Verhasselt, P., Luyten, W., Borgers, M., Ramaekers, F. C. S., Odds, F. C., & Vanden Bossche, H. (1999) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-145-10-2701 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Evolution of antifungal-drug resistance: mechanisms and pathogen fitness
Anderson, J. B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1179 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Quantitation of Ergosterol Content: Novel Method for Determination of Fluconazole Susceptibility of Candida albicans
Arthington-Skaggs, B. A., Jradi, H., Desai, T., & Morrison, C. J. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.37.10.3332-3337.1999 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
The Transcription Factor Mrr1p Controls Expression of the MDR1 Efflux Pump and Mediates Multidrug Resistance in Candida albicans
Morschhäuser, J., Barker, K. S., Liu, T. T., Blaß-Warmuth, J., Homayouni, R., & Rogers, P. D. (2007) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030164 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Genetic and phenotypic intra-species variation in Candida albicans
Hirakawa, M. P., Martinez, D. A., Sakthikumar, S., Anderson, M. Z., Berlin, A., Gujja, S., Zeng, Q., Zisson, E., Wang, J. M., Greenberg, J. M., et al. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.174623.114 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
The evolution of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Candida albicans.
Ford, C. B., Funt, J. M., Abbey, D., Issi, L., Guiducci, C., Martinez, D. A., Delorey, T., Li, B. Y., White, T. C., Cuomo, C., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.00662 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multiple Molecular Mechanisms Contribute to a Stepwise Development of Fluconazole Resistance in Clinical Candida albicans Strains
Franz, R., Kelly, S. L., Lamb, D. C., Kelly, D. E., Ruhnke, M., & Morschhäuser, J. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.12.3065 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
The Parasexual Cycle in Candida albicans Provides an Alternative Pathway to Meiosis for the Formation of Recombinant Strains
Forche, A., Alby, K., Schaefer, D., Johnson, A. D., Berman, J., & Bennett, R. J. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060110 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
PKC Signaling Regulates Drug Resistance of the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans via Circuitry Comprised of Mkc1, Calcineurin, and Hsp90
LaFayette, S. L., Collins, C., Zaas, A. K., Schell, W. A., Betancourt-Quiroz, M., Gunatilaka, A. A. L., Perfect, J. R., & Cowen, L. E. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001069 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
An isochromosome confers drug resistance in vivo by amplification of two genes, ERG11 and TAC1
Selmecki, A., Gerami‐Nejad, M., Paulson, C., Forche, A., & Berman, J. (2008) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06176.x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Wild-type MIC distributions, epidemiological cutoff values and species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida: Time for harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST broth microdilution methods
Pfaller, M. A., Andes, D., Diekema, D. J., Espinel-Ingroff, A., & Sheehan, D. (2010) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2010.09.002 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Genotypic Evolution of Azole Resistance Mechanisms in Sequential Candida albicans Isolates
Coste, A., Selmecki, A., Forche, A., Diogo, D., Bougnoux, M.-E., d'Enfert, C., Berman, J., & Sanglard, D. (2007) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00151-07 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
An update on antifungal targets and mechanisms of resistance inCandidaalbicans
Akins, R. A. (2005) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/13693780500138971 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Screening for amino acid substitutions in the Candida albicans Erg11 protein of azole-susceptible and azole-resistant clinical isolates: new substitutions and a review of the literature
Morio, F., Loge, C., Besse, B., Hennequin, C., & Le Pape, P. (2010) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.11.006 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Genomic Plasticity of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans
Selmecki, A., Forche, A., & Berman, J. (2010) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00060-10 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in the Transcription Factor Upc2p Causes Upregulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis Genes and Increased Fluconazole Resistance in a Clinical Candida albicans Isolate
Dunkel, N., Liu, T. T., Barker, K. S., Homayouni, R., Morschhäuser, J., & Rogers, P. D. (2008) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00103-08 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Upregulation of ERG Genes in Candida Species by Azoles and Other Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors
Henry, K. W., Nickels, J. T., & Edlind, T. D. (2000) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.44.10.2693-2700.2000 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Mechanism of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida krusei
Orozco, A. S., Higginbotham, L. M., Hitchcock, C. A., Parkinson, T., Falconer, D., Ibrahim, A. S., Ghannoum, M. A., & Filler, S. G. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.10.2645 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Identification and Expression of Multidrug Transporters Responsible for Fluconazole Resistance in Candida dubliniensis
Moran, G. P., Sanglard, D., Donnelly, S. M., Shanley, D. B., Sullivan, D. J., & Coleman, D. C. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.7.1819 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Identification and Characterization of Four Azole-Resistant erg3 Mutants of Candida albicans
Martel, C. M., Parker, J. E., Bader, O., Weig, M., Gross, U., Warrilow, A. G. S., Rolley, N., Kelly, D. E., & Kelly, S. L. (2010) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00348-10 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
A Clinical Isolate of Candida albicans with Mutations in ERG11 (Encoding Sterol 14α-Demethylase) and ERG5 (Encoding C22 Desaturase) Is Cross Resistant to Azoles and Amphotericin B
Martel, C. M., Parker, J. E., Bader, O., Weig, M., Gross, U., Warrilow, A. G. S., Kelly, D. E., & Kelly, S. L. (2010) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00303-10 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Rapid, Transient Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans Is Associated with Increased mRNA Levels of CDR
Marr, K. A., Lyons, C. N., Rustad, T., Bowden, R. A., & White, T. C. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.10.2584 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation
Expandable and reversible copy number amplification drives rapid adaptation to antifungal drugs
Todd, R. T., & Selmecki, A. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.58349 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Experimental Induction of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida tropicalis ATCC 750
Barchiesi, F., Calabrese, D., Sanglard, D., Falconi Di Francesco, L., Caselli, F., Giannini, D., Giacometti, A., Gavaudan, S., & Scalise, G. (2000) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.44.6.1578-1584.2000 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Quantitation of Candida albicans Ergosterol Content Improves the Correlation between In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Test Results and In Vivo Outcome after Fluconazole Treatment in a Murine Model of Invasive Candidiasis
Arthington-Skaggs, B. A., Warnock, D. W., & Morrison, C. J. (2000) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.44.8.2081-2085.2000 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Identification and characterization of a Cryptococcus neoformans ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter‐encoding gene, CnAFR1, involved in the resistance to fluconazole
Posteraro, B., Sanguinetti, M., Sanglard, D., La Sorda, M., Boccia, S., Romano, L., Morace, G., & Fadda, G. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03281.x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Rapid Mechanisms for Generating Genome Diversity: Whole Ploidy Shifts, Aneuploidy, and Loss of Heterozygosity
Bennett, R. J., Forche, A., & Berman, J. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a019604 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida spp. revisited: review of microbiologic, molecular, pharmacodynamic, and clinical data as they pertain to the development of species-specific interpretive criteria
Pfaller, M. A., Andes, D., Arendrup, M. C., Diekema, D. J., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Alexander, B. D., Brown, S. D., Chaturvedi, V., Fowler, C. L., Ghannoum, M. A., et al. (2011) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.002 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Lysine Deacetylases Hda1 and Rpd3 Regulate Hsp90 Function thereby Governing Fungal Drug Resistance
Robbins, N., Leach, M. D., & Cowen, L. E. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.035 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Sequencing, Disruption, and Characterization of the Candida albicans Sterol Methyltransferase ( ERG6 ) Gene: Drug Susceptibility Studies in erg6 Mutants
Jensen-Pergakes, K. L., Kennedy, M. A., Lees, N. D., Barbuch, R., Koegel, C., & Bard, M. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.5.1160 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans – an example of microevolution of a fungal pathogen
Morschhäuser, J. (2016) · Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-016-5628-4 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Azole Binding Properties of Candida albicans Sterol 14-α Demethylase (CaCYP51)
Warrilow, A. G. S., Martel, C. M., Parker, J. E., Melo, N., Lamb, D. C., Nes, W. D., Kelly, D. E., & Kelly, S. L. (2010) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00587-10 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Formation of Azole-Resistant Candida albicans by Mutation of Sterol 14-Demethylase P450
Asai, K., Tsuchimori, N., Okonogi, K., Perfect, J. R., Gotoh, O., & Yoshida, Y. (1999) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.43.5.1163 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungusCandida albicans
Nishimoto, A. T., Sharma, C., & Rogers, P. D. (2020) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkz400 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The stepwise acquisition of fluconazole resistance mutations causes a gradual loss of fitness in <scp>C</scp>andida albicans
Sasse, C., Dunkel, N., Schäfer, T., Schneider, S., Dierolf, F., Ohlsen, K., & Morschhäuser, J. (2012) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08210.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The alternative oxidase of Candida albicans causes reduced fluconazole susceptibility
Yan, L., Li, M., Cao, Y., Gao, P., Cao, Y., Wang, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2009) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkp273 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
In-vivo selection of an azole-resistant petite mutant of Candida glabrata
BOUCHARA, J.-P., LE BOUDOUIL, S., FILMON, R., ZOUHAIR, R., HALLET, J.-N., CHABASSE, D., RENIER, G., & DEFONTAINE, A. (2000) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-49-11-977 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Cloning, sequencing, expression and allelic sequence diversity of ERG3 (C-5 sterol desaturase gene) in Candida albicans
Miyazaki, Y., Geber, A., Miyazaki, H., Falconer, D., Parkinson, T., Hitchcock, C., Grimberg, B., Nyswaner, K., & Bennett, J. E. (1999) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00263-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in theCandida albicansefflux pump genesCDR1andCDR2
Holmes, A. R., Tsao, S., Ong, S., Lamping, E., Niimi, K., Monk, B. C., Niimi, M., Kaneko, A., Holland, B. R., Schmid, J., et al. (2006) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05357.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Relationships between Respiration and Susceptibility to Azole Antifungals in Candida glabrata
Brun, S., Aubry, C., Lima, O., Filmon, R., Bergès, T., Chabasse, D., & Bouchara, J.-P. (2003) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.47.3.847-853.2003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Rpd3/Hda1 family of histone deacetylases regulates azole resistance in Candida albicans
Li, X., Cai, Q., Mei, H., Zhou, X., Shen, Y., Li, D., & Liu, W. (2015) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkv070 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Candida albicans Sterol C-14 Reductase, Encoded by the ERG24 Gene, as a Potential Antifungal Target Site
Jia, N., Arthington-Skaggs, B., Lee, W., Pierson, C. A., Lees, N. D., Eckstein, J., Barbuch, R., & Bard, M. (2002) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.46.4.947-957.2002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Deciphering the Mrr1/Mdr1 Pathway in Azole Resistance of Candida auris
Li, J., Coste, A. T., Bachmann, D., Sanglard, D., & Lamoth, F. (2022) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00067-22 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Rapid detection of ERG11 gene mutations in clinical Candida albicans isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole by rolling circle amplification and DNA sequencing
Wang, H., Kong, F., Sorrell, T. C., Wang, B., McNicholas, P., Pantarat, N., Ellis, D., Xiao, M., Widmer, F., & Chen, S. C. (2009) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-167 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Within-Host Genomic Diversity of Candida albicans in Healthy Carriers
Sitterlé, E., Maufrais, C., Sertour, N., Palayret, M., d’Enfert, C., & Bougnoux, M.-E. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38768-4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
cis -Acting Elements within the Candida albicans ERG11 Promoter Mediate the Azole Response through Transcription Factor Upc2p
Oliver, B. G., Song, J. L., Choiniere, J. H., & White, T. C. (2007) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00331-06 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Global analysis of genetic circuitry and adaptive mechanisms enabling resistance to the azole antifungal drugs
Mount, H. O., Revie, N. M., Todd, R. T., Anstett, K., Collins, C., Costanzo, M., Boone, C., Robbins, N., Selmecki, A., & Cowen, L. E. (2018) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007319 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Evolutionary Dynamics of Candida albicans during In Vitro Evolution
Huang, M., McClellan, M., Berman, J., & Kao, K. C. (2011) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.05168-11 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The UPC2 Promoter in Candida albicans Contains Two cis -Acting Elements That Bind Directly to Upc2p, Resulting in Transcriptional Autoregulation
Hoot, S. J., Brown, R. P., Oliver, B. G., & White, T. C. (2010) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00130-10 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
TheCandida albicans ERG26gene encoding the C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 decarboxylase) is essential for growth
Aaron, K. E., Pierson, C. A., Lees, N. D., & Bard, M. (2001) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2001.tb00020.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Loss of Heterozygosity at an Unlinked Genomic Locus Is Responsible for the Phenotype of a Candida albicans sap4 Δ sap5 Δ sap6 Δ Mutant
Dunkel, N., & Morschhäuser, J. (2011) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00281-10 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Isolation, characterization, and regulation of theCandidaalbicansERG27gene encoding the sterol 3-keto reductase
Pierson, C. A., Jia, N., Mo, C., Lees, N. D., Sturm, A. M., Eckstein, J., Barbuch, R., & Bard, M. (2004) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/1369378032000141471 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A Proteomic Landscape of Candida albicans in the Stepwise Evolution to Fluconazole Resistance
Song, N., Zhou, X., Li, D., Li, X., & Liu, W. (2022) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02105-21 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Functional analysis of the Candida albicans kinome reveals Hrr25 as a regulator of antifungal susceptibility
Lee, Y., Liston, S. D., Lee, D., Robbins, N., & Cowen, L. E. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104432 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Potential role of lysine acetylation in the stepwise adaptation of Candida albicans to fluconazole
Song, N., Huang, Y., Zhou, X., Li, D., Liu, W., & Li, X. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02797-24

Authors: White, T. C.
Affiliations: Center for Infectious Disease Research (US)
Corresponding author: White, T C
ORCID: White, T C
Venue: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 1997-07
Volume: 41
Issue: 7
Pages: 1488-1494
ISSN: 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
1098-6596
DOI: 10.1128/aac.41.7.1488
PMC: PMC163945
OpenAlex: W2105638437
Cited by: 292
References: 1
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 17.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE011367, R01 DE-11367)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Keywords: Candida albicans, azole resistance, fluconazole resistance, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, point mutations, mitotic recombination, gene conversion, HIV infection, cytochrome P450, ergosterol biosynthesis
MeSH terms: Alleles, Antifungal Agents, Base Sequence, Candida albicans, Cloning, Molecular, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Oxidoreductases, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Fluconazole, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Sterol 14-Demethylase

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The presence of an R467K amino acid substitution and loss of allelic variation correlate with an azole-resistant lanosterol 14alpha demethylase in Candida albicans

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Record

About these checks