Dynamic changes in the Streptococcus pneumoniae transcriptome during transition from biofilm formation to invasive disease upon influenza A virus infection
Open accessAbstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of infectious disease globally. Nasopharyngeal colonization occurs in biofilms and precedes infection. Prior studies have indicated that biofilm-derived pneumococci are avirulent. However, influenza A virus (IAV) infection releases virulent pneumococci from biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Triggers of dispersal include IAV-induced changes in the nasopharynx, such as increased temperature (fever) and extracellular ATP (tissue damage). We used whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the S. pneumoniae transcriptome in biofilms, bacteria dispersed from biofilms after exposure to IAV, febrile-range temperature, or ATP, and planktonic cells grown at 37°C. Compared with biofilm bacteria, actively dispersed S. pneumoniae, which were more virulent in invasive disease, upregulated genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymatic assays for ATP and lactate production confirmed that dispersed pneumococci exhibited increased metabolism compared to those in biofilms. Dispersed pneumococci also upregulated genes associated with production of bacteriocins and downregulated colonization-associated genes related to competence, fratricide, and the transparent colony phenotype. IAV had the largest impact on the pneumococcal transcriptome. Similar transcriptional differences were also observed when actively dispersed bacteria were compared with avirulent planktonic bacteria. Our data demonstrate complex changes in the pneumococcal transcriptome in response to IAV-induced changes in the environment. Our data suggest that disease is caused by pneumococci that are primed to move to tissue sites with altered nutrient availability and to protect themselves from the nasopharyngeal microflora and host immune response. These data help explain pneumococcal virulence after IAV infection and have important implications for studies of S. pneumoniae pathogenesis.
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Influenza affects the S. pneumoniae transcriptome in terms of downregulating expression of genes associated with the colonizer state and upregulations of bacteriocins.
“Influenza has been shown to affect the S. pneumoniae transcriptome in terms of downregulating expression of genes associated with the colonizer state and upregulations of bacteriocins (142).”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [142]
Viruses impair bacterial biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilm.
“Viruses have also been found to impair bacterial biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilm (141–144).”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Pettigrew, M. M., Marks, L. R., Kong, Y., Gent, J. F., Roche-Hakansson, H., & Hakansson, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- W. M. Keck Foundation (US)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Venue
- Infection and Immunity
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4607-4619
- ISSN
- 0019-9567 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5522
- PMC
- PMC4249342
- OpenAlex
- W2317658790
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Infection and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000142)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R21DC011667, R01DC013554)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM099607)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, biofilm dispersal, influenza A virus, pneumococcal virulence, transcriptome, invasive pneumococcal disease, nasopharyngeal carriage, extracellular ATP, fever, carbohydrate metabolism, bacteriocins, competence, fratricide, bacterioplankton, host-pathogen interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Influenza A virus, Pneumococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Biofilms, Sepsis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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