Liaisons dangereuses: P2X7 and the inflammasome
Abstract
Inflammation is initiated by specific pathogen constituents, in addition to intrinsic host molecules that are released by injured or dying cells. Among such host endogenous pro-inflammatory factors, nucleotides (mainly ATP) are attracting increasing interest for their potential as natural adjuvants. Extracellular ATP stimulates a family of receptors, named P2, one of which, P2X(7), is a potent mediator of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 processing and release. The mechanism and physiological significance of this unusual pro-inflammatory activity have long remained elusive. Recent data unveiling the structure and function of a novel caspase-activating platform, the inflammasome, shed light on P2X(7) receptor coupling to IL-1beta release, and suggest a fascinating scenario for the initiation and amplification of the innate immune response. Here, I outline the intriguing links between the P2X(7) receptor and the NALP3 inflammasome, review recent evidence showing that this receptor is a potent activator of this multimolecular platform and discuss implications for pathogen-immune cell interaction and for anti-inflammatory drug development.
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Polynucleotides and oligonucleotides from degrading DNA or RNA can act on TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, or TLR9 and on intracellular receptors RIG1, MDA5, or LGP2, while ATP and its degradation products may activate or inhibit distinct classes of purinergic receptors.
“Polynucleotides and oligonucleotides derived from degrading DNA or RNA can act on TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, or TLR9 as well as on intracellular receptors including RIG1, MDA5, or LGP2, while ATP and its degradation products may activate or inhibit distinct classes of purinergic receptors 45,108,109.”
From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Di Virgilio, F.
- Venue
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 465-472
- ISSN
- 0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1495057561
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- P2X7 receptor, NLRP3 inflammasome, extracellular ATP, interleukin-1β processing, IL-18, caspase activation, innate immunity, host-pathogen interaction, anti-inflammatory drug development
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Humans, Inflammation, Connexins, Receptors, Purinergic P2, Inflammation Mediators, Caspases, Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins, Interleukin-1beta, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
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