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Simultaneous Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Multiple Targets through Polysynapses
Open accessAbstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) efficiently propagates through cell-to-cell contacts, which include virological synapses (VS), filopodia, and nanotubes. Here, we quantified and characterized further these diverse modes of contact in lymphocytes. We report that viral transmission mainly occurs across VS and through “polysynapses,” a rosette-like structure formed between one infected cell and multiple adjacent recipients. Polysynapses are characterized by simultaneous HIV clustering and transfer at multiple membrane regions. HIV Gag proteins often adopt a ring-like supramolecular organization at sites of intercellular contacts and colocalize with CD63 tetraspanin and raft components GM1, Thy-1, and CD59. In donor cells engaged in polysynapses, there is no preferential accumulation of Gag proteins at contact sites facing the microtubule organizing center. The LFA-1 adhesion molecule, known to facilitate viral replication, enhances formation of polysynapses. Altogether, our results reveal an underestimated mode of viral transfer through polysynapses. In HIV-infected individuals, these structures, by promoting concomitant infection of multiple targets in the vicinity of infected cells, may facilitate exponential viral growth and escape from immune responses.
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“It has also been reported that HIV-1-infected T cells can form multiple synapses [45]. In this case, the Gag protein accumulated in ring-shaped structures at sites of intercellular contact without MTOC polarization.”
From HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Transmission Modes: Mechanisms and Importance for Virus Spread (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rudnicka, D., Feldmann, J., Porrot, F., Wietgrefe, S., Guadagnini, S., Prévost, M.-C., Estaquier, J., Haase, A. T., Sol-Foulon, N., & Schwartz, O.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 3015, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U841, Faculté de Médecine Henri Mondor, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France
- Corresponding author
- Schwartz, Olivier
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2009-06-15
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6234-6246
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC2687379
- OpenAlex
- W2065794926
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 10.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- HIV-1, cell-to-cell transmission, virological synapse, filopodia, nanotubes, CD63, lipid rafts, LFA-1, lymphocytes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Humans, Macaca, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Pseudopodia, Virus Replication, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1, Jurkat Cells, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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